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Volkovskoye Cemetery (St
The Volkovo Cemetery (also Volkovskoe) ( or Во́лково кла́дбище) is one of the largest and oldest non-Orthodox cemeteries in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Until the early 20th century it was one of the main burial grounds for Lutheran Germans in Russia. It is estimated that over 100,000 people have been buried at this cemetery since 1773. Origins 1770–1773 Between late 1771 and 1772, Catherine the Great, empress of the Russian Empire, issued an edict which decreed that, from that point on, any person who died (regardless of social standing or class origins) no longer had the right to be buried within church crypts or adjacent churchyards. New cemeteries had to be built across the entire Russian Empire and from then on they all had to be located outside city limits. One of the main motivations behind these measures was overcrowding in church crypts and graveyards. However, the true deciding factor which led to the new laws being enforced on such a mass scale across th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Job
Job (; died 19 June 1607) was Metropolitan of Moscow and all Rus', the primate of the Russian Orthodox Church, from 1587 to 1589, and the first Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' from 1589 to 1605. He was the seventeenth metropolitan in Moscow to be appointed without the approval of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople as had been the norm. In 1589, Jeremias II, the patriarch of Constantinople, regularized Job's canonical status and raised him to the status of patriarch. 400 years later, the Russian Orthodox Church canonized him in 1989. Early life His birth name was Ioann (). As a teenager, Ioann knew most of the biblical texts by heart and strove to become a monk. His father, however, insisted that he marry. Once, Ioann asked his father's permission to see his confessor in the Uspensky Monastery in their native town of Staritsa near Tver. Upon his arrival in 1551, Ioann immediately took monastic vows and assumed the religious name of Job. Career Abbot and bishop J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Headstone
A gravestone or tombstone is a marker, usually stone, that is placed over a grave. A marker set at the head of the grave may be called a headstone. An especially old or elaborate stone slab may be called a funeral stele, stela, or slab. The use of such markers is traditional for Chinese, Jewish, Christian, and Islamic burials, as well as other traditions. In East Asia, the tomb's spirit tablet is the focus for ancestral veneration and may be removable for greater protection between rituals. Ancient grave markers typically incorporated funerary art, especially details in stone relief. With greater literacy, more markers began to include inscriptions of the deceased's name, date of birth, and date of death, often along with a personal message or prayer. The presence of a frame for photographs of the deceased is also increasingly common. Use The stele (plural: stelae), as it is called in an archaeological context, is one of the oldest forms of funerary art. Originally, a t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vvedenskoye Cemetery
Vvedenskoye Cemetery ( rus, Введенское кладбище, p=vʲːɪˈdʲenskəjə) is a historic cemetery in Lefortovo District of Moscow in Russia. Until 1918 it was mainly a burial ground for the Catholic and Protestant communities of the city, principally ethnic Germans, and thus it was also called the German Cemetery (). After 1918 the cemetery was secularized and accepted the dead of all confessions, including the Orthodox clergy. Throughout its history it has also been extensively used as a military cemetery. It is located on a 20 hectare lot between Gospitalny Val Street and Nalichnaya Street at . Origins Between late 1771 and 1772, Catherine the Great, Empress of the Russian Empire, issued an edict which decreed that, from that point on, any person who died (regardless of their social standing or class origins), no longer had the right to be buried within church crypts or adjacent churchyards. New cemeteries had to be built across the entire Russian empire a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smolensk Cemetery
Smolensky Cemetery () is the oldest continuously operating cemetery in Saint Petersburg, Russia.The Encyclopaedia of St. Petersburg It occupies a rectangular parcel in the western part of , on the bank of the small Smolenka River, and is divided into the , , and |
Aleksandr I
Alexander I may refer to: * Alexander I of Macedon, king of Macedon from 495 to 454 BC * Alexander I of Epirus (370–331 BC), king of Epirus * Alexander I Theopator Euergetes, surnamed Balas, ruler of the Seleucid Empire 150-145 BC * Pope Alexander I (died 115), early bishop of Rome * Pope Alexander I of Alexandria (died 320s), patriarch of Alexandria * Alexander I of Scotland ( – 1124), king of Scotland * Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver (1301–1339), prince of Tver as Alexander I * Alexander I of Georgia (1386–?), king of Georgia * Alexander I of Moldavia (died 1432), prince of Moldavia * Alexander I of Kakheti (1445–1511), king of Kakheti * Alexander Jagiellon (1461–1506), king of Poland * Alexander I of Russia (1777–1825), emperor of Russia * Alexander of Battenberg (1857–1893), prince of Bulgaria * Alexander I of Serbia (1876–1903), king of Serbia * Alexander I of Yugoslavia (1888–1934), king of Yugoslavia * Alexander of Greece (1893–1920), king of Greece See ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olga Ilyinichna Ulyanova
Olga Ilyinichna Ulyanova (Russian language, Russian: Ольга Ильинична Ульянова; 1871 1891) was a Russian noblewoman, polyglot, and the sister of Vladimir Lenin. She was born into a wealthy family of middle-class status but, in 1882, the family were elevated into the Russian nobility, hereditary nobility. Ulyanova excelled in academics and planned to become a teacher, but was denied the position due to her brother Aleksandr Ulyanov's criminal offenses as a revolutionary. She was later given a certificate of reliability that allowed her to enroll in the Bestuzhev Courses in St. Petersburg. She studied French, German, English, Swedish, Italian, and Latin at Bestuzhev, as well as mathematics, physics, and drawing. Ulyanova had hoped to practice medicine once completing her studies, but died after contracting typhoid fever just six months after arriving in St. Petersburg. Early life and family Ulyanova was born in Ulyanovsk, Simbrisk on 4 November 1871 as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ( 187021 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin, his death in 1924, and of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death. As the founder and leader of the Bolsheviks, Lenin led the October Revolution which established the world's first socialist state. His government won the Russian Civil War and created a one-party state under the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, his developments to the ideology are called Leninism. Born into a middle-class family in Simbirsk in the Russian Empire, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics after Aleksandr Ulyanov, his brother was executed in 1887 for plotting to assassinate Alexander III of Russia, the tsar. He was expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in student prote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova
Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova (; née Blank; – ) was the mother of Bolshevik revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, who in 1922 founded the Soviet Union. She was born in Saint Petersburg as Maria Alexandrovna Blank, one of six children. Her father, Alexandr Dmitrievich Blank, was a well-to-do physician. Some researchers argue that he was a Jewish convert to Orthodox Christianity, while others say he was actually the descendant of German colonists invited to Russia by Catherine the Great. There is evidence that he was a Jewish convert to Christianity and that he was born as Srul Moshevich Blank also spelled Israil Moiseevich Blank. However, some historians argue this was another man by a similar name. Her mother, Anna Ivanovna Groschopf, was the daughter of a German- Swedish father, Johan Groschopf, and a Swedish Lutheran mother, Anna Östedt. In 1838, Ulyanova's mother died and her father turned to his sister-in-law, Ekaterina von Essen, to help raise the children. Together they b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artur Nepokoychitsky
Artur Adamovich Nepokoychitsky (; Reforms of Russian orthography#The post-revolution reform, Russian (before 1918): Артуръ Адамовичъ Непокойчицкій; ; ) was an Russian Empire, Imperial Russian military leader of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Polish extraction. A participant of the Crimean War and Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878), Russo-Turkish War, he was the chief of staff to Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1831–1891), Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia during the Russo-Turkish War, until his dismissal at the end of the war. He joined the Page Corps before being promoted to the Preobrazhensky Regiment. From 1841 he served on the General Staff and participated in military operations in Chechnya and Dagestan. In 1849, he ran of the headquarters of General Alexander von Lüders which went to Transylvania. Nepokoychitsky distinguished himself during the occupation of Sibiu. Honours and awards Domestic * Order of St. Anna, 2nd class w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Histories
Social history, often called history from below, is a field of history that looks at the lived experience of the past. Historians who write social history are called social historians. Social history came to prominence in the 1960s, spreading from schools of thought in the United Kingdom and France which posited that the Great Man view of history was inaccurate because it did not adequately explain how societies changed. Instead, social historians wanted to show that change arose from within society, complicating the popular belief that powerful leaders were the source of dynamism. While social history came from the Marxist view of history (historical materialism), the cultural turn and linguistic turn saw the number of sub-fields expand as well as the emergence of other approaches to social history, including a social liberal approach and a more ambiguous critical theory approach. In its "golden age" it was a major field in the 1960s and 1970s among young historians, and still ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historian
A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human species; as well as the study of all history in time. Some historians are recognized by publications or training and experience.Herman, A. M. (1998). Occupational outlook handbook: 1998–99 edition. Indianapolis: JIST Works. Page 525. "Historian" became a professional occupation in the late nineteenth century as research universities were emerging in Germany and elsewhere. Objectivity Among historians Ancient historians In the 19th century, scholars used to study ancient Greek and Roman historians to see how generally reliable they were. In recent decades, however, scholars have focused more on the constructions, genres, and meanings that ancient historians sought to convey to their audiences. History is always written with contemporary concerns and ancient hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vital Records
Vital records are records of life events kept under governmental authority, including birth certificates, marriage licenses (or marriage certificates), separation agreements, divorce certificates or divorce party and death certificates. In some jurisdictions, vital records may also include records of civil unions or domestic partnerships. Note that only the life events meaning is restricted to government; the records management meaning in this article applies to both government and non-government organizations. United States In the United States, vital records are typically maintained at both the county and state levels. In the United Kingdom and numerous other countries vital records are recorded in the civil registry. In the United States, vital records are public and in most cases can be viewed by anyone in person at the governmental authority. Copies can also be requested for a fee. There are two types of copies: certified and uncertified. Certified copies are official co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
