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Voiced Bilabial Trill
The voiced bilabial trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the sound is , a Small caps, small capital version of the Latin letter b, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is B\. Features Features of the voiced bilabial trill: In most instances, it is only found as the trilled release of a prenasalized stop. Varieties Occurrences The Knorkator song "[Buchstabe]" (the actual title is a glyph) on the 1999 album ''Hasenchartbreaker'' uses a similar sound (though linguolabial instead of bilabial) to replace "br" in a number of German words (e.g. for ). Prenasalized Prestopped trills and stops with trill release Phonology In many of the languages in which the bilabial trill occurs, it occurs only as part of a prenasalized bilabial stop with trilled release, . That developed historically from a prenasalized stop before a relatively high back vowel like . In such instances, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consonant
In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract, except for the h sound, which is pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract. Examples are and [b], pronounced with the lips; and [d], pronounced with the front of the tongue; and [g], pronounced with the back of the tongue; , pronounced throughout the vocal tract; , [v], , and [z] pronounced by forcing air through a narrow channel (fricatives); and and , which have air flowing through the nose (nasal consonant, nasals). Most consonants are Pulmonic consonant, pulmonic, using air pressure from the lungs to generate a sound. Very few natural languages are non-pulmonic, making use of Ejective consonant, ejectives, Implosive consonant, implosives, and Click consonant, clicks. Contrasting with consonants are vowels. Since the number of speech sounds in the world's languages is much greater than the number of letters in any one alphabet, Linguis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paralinguistic
Paralanguage, also known as vocalics, is a component of meta-communication that may modify meaning, give nuanced meaning, or convey emotion, by using suprasegmental techniques such as prosody, pitch, volume, intonation, etc. It is sometimes defined as relating to nonphonemic properties only. Paralanguage may be expressed consciously or unconsciously. The study of paralanguage is known as paralinguistics and was invented by George L. Trager in the 1950s, while he was working at the Foreign Service Institute of the U.S. Department of State. His colleagues at the time included Henry Lee Smith, Charles F. Hockett (working with him on using descriptive linguistics as a model for paralanguage), Edward T. Hall developing proxemics, and Ray Birdwhistell developing kinesics. Trager published his conclusions in 1958, 1960 and 1961. His work has served as a basis for all later research, especially those investigating the relationship between paralanguage and culture (since paralang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Border Languages (New Guinea)
The Border or Upper Tami languages are an independent language family, family of Papuan languages in Malcolm Ross (linguist), Malcolm Ross's version of the Trans–New Guinea languages, Trans–New Guinea proposal. Unlike the neighboring Sepik languages and many other Papuan language families of northern New Guinea, Border languages do not have grammatical gender or number (dual and plural forms). Name The Border family is named after the Indonesia–Papua New Guinea border, which it spans. Other than the Border languages, the Skou languages, Skou, Senagi languages, Senagi, Pauwasi languages, Pauwasi, Anim languages, Anim, and Yam languages, Yam families also span the Indonesia – Papua New Guinea border. Classification history Cowan (1957) tentatively proposed a "Tami" family, named after the Tami River, that included the modern Border and Sko languages, Sko language families. Some of the previously unclassified languages did turn out to be Sko, and were added to that family; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahamb Language
Ahamb, also spelled Axamb or Akhamb is an Oceanic language spoken in South Malakula, Vanuatu.Rangelov, Tihomir. 2020''A grammar of the Ahamb language (Vanuatu)'' Hamilton, New Zealand, University of Waikato. PhD thesis. Ahamb has around 1000 speakers, most of whom reside on the small low-lying Ahamb Island and the nearby Malekula mainland. The language is endangered due to a number of factors, including climate change and environmental factors. Linguist Tihomir Rangelov published a grammatical description of Ahamb in 2020. Names The alternate names for Ahamb are Akamb, Akhamb, Axamb and Mallicolo. Phonology Ahamb’s phonology is characterised by distinctive prenasalisation in its plosives and trills. There are three contrastive trills, including the typologically rare plain bilabial trill.Rangelov, Tihomir. 2019The bilabial trills of Ahamb (Vanuatu): Acoustic and articulatory properties In S. Calhoun, P. Escudero, M. Tabain and P. Warren (eds),''Proceedings of the 19th In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unua Language
Unua, or Onua, is an Oceanic language spoken in south-east Malekula, Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (; ), is an island country in Melanesia located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, east o .... It is said to be a dialect of the same language, Unua-Pangkumu, as Rerep (Pangkumu). Phonology The following table lists the contrastive consonant sounds of Unua. There are 16 consonant phonemes for younger Unua speakers and an additional three contrastive velarized labial consonants for older speakers, shown below in parentheses. The following table lists the contrastive vowel sounds of Unua. Younger speakers have five vowel phonemes and older speakers have an additional three, shown in parentheses. Grammar Unua has SVO ordering. References Malekula languages Languages of Vanuatu {{SOceanic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titan Language
Titan, also known as Manus, is an East Manus language of the Austronesian language family spoken in the southeastern part of Manus Island, New Guinea, and neighboring islands by about 4,000 people. Titan has a bilabial trill and prenasalized consonants, as in 'girls' and 'wooden plate'. Phonology Phonology of the Titan language: Consonant sounds in parentheses are only inferred to exist in Titan, or to exist in other dialects of Titan. An /e/ sound may also be interchangeable with an open-mid sound /ɛ/. References Further reading * Bowern, Claire (2011). ''Sivisa Titan: Sketch grammar, texts, vocabulary based on material collected by P. Josef Meier and Po Minis.'' Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication No. 38. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press. * Ladefoged, Peter (2005). ''Vowels and Consonants'' (2nd ed.) Blackwell. External links * Kaipuleohone's collection of Robert Blust Robert A. Blust (; zh, c=白樂思, p=Bái Lèsī; May 9, 1940 – January 5, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kele Language (New Guinea)
Kele or Gele’ is a language spoken in the easterly section of inland Manus Island, New Guinea. Its name comes from the Kele word for "there".Crowley, Terry; Lynch, John; Ross, Malcolm (2002). ''The Oceanic Languages''. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 123-25 Phonology The syllable structure of Kele is (C)V(C). are often trilled Additionally, are prenasalized when not occurring before another consonant. Kele has five vowels: , , , and . Vowels can also be elongated. Ross (2002) describes this vowel length as non-phonemic, and instead as part of one of four different disyllabic patterns in words. He also notes that no word contains more than one long vowel. Grammar Kele has eleven pronouns, distinguishing first person inclusive and exclusive pronouns as well as dual and plural number. Different versions of each pronoun can be prefixed to show the subject and suffixed to show possession. Nearly all verbs require a preceding subject prefix; however, a few verbs inste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oceanic Languages
The approximately 450 Oceanic languages are a branch of the Austronesian languages. The area occupied by speakers of these languages includes Polynesia, as well as much of Melanesia and Micronesia. Though covering a vast area, Oceanic languages are spoken by only two million people. The largest individual Oceanic languages are Eastern Fijian with over 600,000 speakers, and Samoan with an estimated 400,000 speakers. The Gilbertese (Kiribati), Tongan, Tahitian, Māori and Tolai (Gazelle Peninsula) languages each have over 100,000 speakers. The common ancestor which is reconstructed for this group of languages is called Proto-Oceanic (abbr. "POc"). Classification The Oceanic languages were first shown to be a language family by Sidney Herbert Ray in 1896 and, besides Malayo-Polynesian, they are the only established large branch of Austronesian languages. Grammatically, they have been strongly influenced by the Papuan languages of northern New Guinea, but they retain a rema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Home Fries
Home fries (US, Canada), gommer fries (Western Canada), house fries (US), American fries (US), fried potatoes (UK, Canada and regional US), Bratkartoffeln (German), or bistro potatoes (southeastern US) are a type of basic potato dish made by pan- or skillet-frying chunked, sliced, wedged or diced potatoes that are sometimes unpeeled and may have been par-cooked by boiling, baking, steaming, or microwaving. They are sometimes served as a substitute for hash browns. Home fries (or fried potatoes) are often paired with onions. In North America, home fries are popular as a breakfast side dish. See also * Bauernfrühstück * Garbage Plate * German fries * French fries * Hash browns * List of deep fried foods This is a list of deep fried foods and dishes. Deep frying is a cooking method in which food is submerged in hot fat, such as cooking oil. This is normally performed with a deep fryer or chip pan, and industrially, a pressure fryer or vacuum f ... * List of potato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glyph
A glyph ( ) is any kind of purposeful mark. In typography, a glyph is "the specific shape, design, or representation of a character". It is a particular graphical representation, in a particular typeface, of an element of written language. A grapheme, or part of a grapheme (such as a diacritic), or sometimes several graphemes in combination (a composed glyph) can be represented by a glyph. Glyphs, graphemes and characters In modern English, symbols like letters and numerical digits are each both single graphemes and single glyphs. In most languages written in any variety of the Latin alphabet except English, the use of diacritics to signify a sound mutation is common. For example, the grapheme requires two glyphs: the basic and the grave accent . In general, a diacritic is regarded as a glyph, even if it is contiguous with the rest of the character like a cedilla in French, Catalan or Portuguese, the ogonek in several languages, or the stroke on a Polish . Altho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knorkator
Knorkator is a German band from Berlin that combines Heavy metal music, heavy metal with comical elements. They proclaim themselves to be "Germany's band in the world" (), as the title "The best band in the world" was already taken by Die Ärzte. The name is a personification of , a dated adjective used in Berlin and the Ruhr (river), Ruhr basin meaning "great" or "fabulous" (similar to the English slang word "swell"). The band was founded in 1994, but only played in the Berlin/Brandenburg area until 1998. Knorkator gained further fame (and some notoriety) in 2000 with their performance of (sic; literally, in Berlin dialect, "I'm turning into a pig") in the German national qualification for the Eurovision Song Contest. After the qualification show, German tabloid Bild notoriously headlined "" ("Who let these lunatics on TV?"). Knorkator announced the end of the band in a MySpace bulletin on 14 June 2008, the last concert was played on 5 December that year in Berlin. The o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
