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Vladimir Potanin
Vladimir Olegovich Potanin (; born 3 January 1961) is a Russian oligarch. He acquired his wealth notably through the controversial loans-for-shares program in Russia in the early to mid-1990s. As of May 7, 2025, Forbes ranked 81st richest in the world, with a net worth of $24.2 billion. His long-term business partner was Russian-Israeli oligarch Mikhail Prokhorov until they decided to split in 2007. Subsequently, they put their mutual assets in a holding company, Folletina Trading, until their asset division was agreed upon. In January 2018, Potanin appeared on the US Treasury's "Putin list" of 210 individuals closely associated with Russian president Vladimir Putin. In June 2022, United Kingdom, the UK has imposed sanction on Potanin for being one of the major oligarchs in "President Vladimir Putin’s inner circle." Early life and education Potanin was born in Moscow, in the former USSR, into a high-ranking Russians, Russian communist family. In 1978, he attended the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikhail Prokhorov
Mikhail Dmitrievich Prokhorov (; born 3 May 1965) is a Russian-Israeli oligarch and politician. He was also an owner of the Brooklyn Nets. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Prokhorov obtained Russian state-owned metals assets at prices far below market value in Russia's controversial loans-for-shares privatization program. His company, Norilsk Nickel, became the world's largest producer of nickel and palladium. He is the former chairman of Polyus Gold, Russia's largest gold producer, and the former President of Onexim Group. As of December 1, 2021, '' Bloomberg Billionaires Index'' estimates his wealth at US$14.0 billion and has named him the 148th richest person in the world, while '' Forbes Magazine'' lists his wealth at US$11.5 billion and the 193rd richest person in the world. In 2011, Prokhorov ran as an independent candidate in the 2012 Russian presidential election. He was third in voting, amassing 7.98 percent of the total vote. In June 2012, he declared the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Deputy Prime Minister Of Russia
A First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation (), commonly referred to as the First Deputy Prime Minister, is a member of the Russian Government. The First Deputy is to be proposed by the Prime Minister, and approved by the President. However, this office is not provisioned by Constitution and it is not a separate office. The Chapter 6 of the Constitution of Russia says, that "The Government of the Russian Federation consists of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, ''Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation'' and federal ministries". First of all, First Vice-Premier is Vice-Premier, all others are distribution of responsibilities among Vice-Premiers inside the Government. There can be more than one First Vice-Premier, therefore written distribution of responsibilities is the most important document. The Federal constitutional law "On the Government of the Russian Federation" says "in the case of temporary absence of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loans-for-shares
Beginning in 1995, Boris Yeltsin's government began privatizing state-owned shares in companies through a loans for shares scheme. The scheme helped with "fundraising" for Yeltsin's 1996 reelection campaign and restructuring freshly-sold companies at the same time (in order to outweigh communist sympathizers as one source speculated). Russian bankers constituted the majority of those who have provided the funds (see ). The rest included such entities as Stolichny bank () and World Bank (who made a loan for a small percentage of the Sibneft oil company) and even some targeted investments from USAID in assistance to Chubais, according to Richard Morningstar, a U.S. aid coordinator for the former Soviet Union. The scheme was primarily overseen by Anatoly Chubais who was linked to USAID program managed by head of the Harvard Institute for International Development (HIID) at the time. The scheme implementation ultimately resulted in the emergence of an influential class of enter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of the longest-running newspapers in the United States, the ''Times'' serves as one of the country's Newspaper of record, newspapers of record. , ''The New York Times'' had 9.13 million total and 8.83 million online subscribers, both by significant margins the List of newspapers in the United States, highest numbers for any newspaper in the United States; the total also included 296,330 print subscribers, making the ''Times'' the second-largest newspaper by print circulation in the United States, following ''The Wall Street Journal'', also based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' is published by the New York Times Company; since 1896, the company has been chaired by the Ochs-Sulzberger family, whose current chairman and the paper's publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oligarchy
Oligarchy (; ) is a form of government in which power rests with a small number of people. Members of this group, called oligarchs, generally hold usually hard, but sometimes soft power through nobility, fame, wealth, or education; or through corporate, religious, political, or military control. Throughout history, power structures considered to be oligarchies have often been viewed as coercive, relying on public obedience or oppression to exist. Aristotle pioneered the use of the term as meaning rule by the rich, contrasting it with aristocracy, arguing that oligarchy was a corruption of aristocracy. Types Minority rule The consolidation of power by a dominant minority, whether religious or ethnic, can be considered a form of oligarchy. Examples include South Africa during apartheid, Liberia under Americo-Liberians, the Sultanate of Zanzibar, and Rhodesia. In these cases, oligarchic rule was often tied to the legacy of colonialism. In the early 20th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrey Vavilov
Andrey Petrovich Vavilov (; born 10 January 1961) is a Russian politician and businessman, senator and a former first Deputy Finance Minister of Russia, and the former Russian Secretary of State. Early life In 1985, he worked as an engineer and a junior researcher at the Central Economic Mathematical Institute, and in 1988 he took the position of a senior researcher at the Institute of Economics and Research and Technology Advancement Forecasts. In 1991, he headed a laboratory at the newly founded Institute for Market Problems of the USSR Academy of Sciences. From 1991 to 1992, he worked as a researcher at the Institute for International Economics in Washington D.C. That same year, in 1991, in a dacha outside Moscow, Vavilov, Konstantin Kagalovsky, and three others developed an economic platform for Russia. First Deputy Finance Minister of Russia In 1992 to 1997, Vavilov occupied offices in the Russian Ministry of Finance. From 5 November 1994 to 1 May 1997, Vavilov oc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perestroika
''Perestroika'' ( ; rus, перестройка, r=perestrojka, p=pʲɪrʲɪˈstrojkə, a=ru-perestroika.ogg, links=no) was a political reform movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s, widely associated with CPSU general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his '' glasnost'' (meaning "transparency") policy reform. The literal meaning of ''perestroika'' is "restructuring," referring to the restructuring of the political economy of the Soviet Union in an attempt to end the Era of Stagnation. ''Perestroika'' allowed more independent actions from various ministries and introduced many market-like reforms. The purported goal of ''perestroika'' was not to end the planned economy, but rather to make socialism work more efficiently to better meet the needs of Soviet citizens by adopting elements of liberal economics. The process of implementing ''perestroika'' added to existing shortage and created political, social, and economic tensions wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Foreign Economic Relations (Soviet Union)
The Ministry of Foreign Trade (; Minvneshtorg) was a government ministry in the Soviet Union. The foreign trade of the USSR was a government monopoly and was conducted by the Ministry of Foreign Trade. This ministry maintained control over the planning and operation of foreign trade through main administrations for imports and exports and for certain large geographical areas, as well as through foreign-trade corporations holding monopolies for specific commodities or services. Postwar industrialization and an expansion of foreign trade resulted in the proliferation of all-union foreign trade organizations (FTOs), the new name for foreign trade corporations and also known as foreign trade association. History In 1946 the People's Commissariat of Foreign Trade was reorganized into the Ministry of Foreign Trade. The Ministry of Foreign Trade, through its FTOs, retained the exclusive right to negotiate and sign contracts with foreigners and to draft foreign trade plans. The Ministry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russians
Russians ( ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe. Their mother tongue is Russian language, Russian, the most spoken Slavic languages, Slavic language. The majority of Russians adhere to Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox Christianity, ever since the Middle Ages. By total numbers, they compose the largest Slavs, Slavic and Ethnic groups in Europe, European nation. Genetic studies show that Russians are closely related to Polish people, Poles, Belarusians, Ukrainians, as well as Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, and Finns. They were formed from East Slavic tribes, and their cultural ancestry is based in Kievan Rus'. The Russian word for the Russians is derived from the Names of Rus', Russia and Ruthenia, people of Rus' and the territory of Rus'. Russians share many historical and cultural traits with other European peoples, and especially with other East Slavic ethnic groups, specifically Belarusians and Ukrainians. The vast majority of Russians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and most of List of islands of the United Kingdom, the smaller islands within the British Isles, covering . Northern Ireland shares Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border, a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. It maintains sovereignty over the British Overseas Territories, which are located across various oceans and seas globally. The UK had an estimated population of over 68.2 million people in 2023. The capital and largest city of both England and the UK is London. The cities o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
