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Vistula–Bug Offensive
The Vistula–Bug offensive from July 13 to August 28, 1915, was a major Central Powers offensive with the decisive role of the German Imperial Army during World War I on the Eastern Front to defeat the forces of the Russian army in South Poland and Galicia. Background The German Great General Staff and the Austro-Hungarian Army High Command paid great attention to the actions of the Army Group of Field Marshal A. von Mackensen, which was to play the role of the southern blade of the “scissors” that cut off the Russian armies from the escape routes to Brest-Litovsk. On July 11, A. von Mackensen received a directive to go on the offensive from July 15–16, first with the forces of the Army of the Bug, and then with the 11th and 4th armies. The main blow was delivered on both banks of the Wieprz River to capture Russian positions on the Wolica and Voislavka rivers. To the right, the Bug army advanced on the Hill, to the left, the Austro-Hungarian 4th Army, to Lublin. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Front (World War I)
The Eastern Front or Eastern Theater, of World War I, was a theater (warfare), theater of operations that encompassed at its greatest extent the entire frontier between Russian Empire, Russia and Kingdom of Romania, Romania on one side and Austria-Hungary, Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and German Empire, Germany on the other. It ranged from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south, involved most of Eastern Europe, and stretched deep into Central Europe. The term contrasts with the Western Front (World War I), Western Front, which was being fought in Belgium and French Third Republic, France. Unlike the static warfare on the Western Front, the fighting on the geographically larger Eastern Front was maneuver warfare, more dynamic, often involving the flanking and encirclement of entire formations, and resulted in over 100,000 square miles of territory becoming occupied by a foreign power. At the start of the war Russia launched offensives agai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Army (Austria-Hungary)
The Austro-Hungarian Fourth Army was an Austro-Hungarian field army that fought during World War I. Actions The Austro-Hungarian Fourth Army was formed in August 1914 and deployed on the Eastern Front. It suffered heavy casualties during the Brusilov Offensive. The 4th Army was disbanded in March 1918. The Fourth Army participated in numerous battles during the war including: * Battle of Komarów (August 1914) * Battle of Rawa (September 1914) * Battle of the Vistula River (October 1914) * Battle of Limanowa (December 1914) * Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive (May–June 1915) * Great Retreat (June–September 1915) * Brusilov Offensive (June–September 1916) * Operation Faustschlag (February–March 1918) Commanders * Moritz von Auffenberg : August 1914 - 30 September 14 * Archduke Joseph Ferdinand : 30 September 1914 - June 1916 * Karl Tersztyánszky von Nádas : June 1916 - 5 March 1917 * Karl Graf von Kirchbach auf Lauterbach Karl Freiherr von Kirchbach auf Lauterbac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4th Army (Austria-Hungary)
The Austro-Hungarian Fourth Army was an Austro-Hungarian field army that fought during World War I. Actions The Austro-Hungarian Fourth Army was formed in August 1914 and deployed on the Eastern Front (World War I), Eastern Front. It suffered heavy casualties during the Brusilov Offensive. The 4th Army was disbanded in March 1918. The Fourth Army participated in numerous battles during the war including: * Battle of Komarów (1914), Battle of Komarów (August 1914) * Battle of Rawa (September 1914) * Battle of the Vistula River (October 1914) * Battle of Limanowa (December 1914) * Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive (May–June 1915) * Great Retreat (Russian), Great Retreat (June–September 1915) * Brusilov Offensive (June–September 1916) * Operation Faustschlag (February–March 1918) Commanders * Moritz von Auffenberg : August 1914 - 30 September 14 * Archduke Joseph Ferdinand of Austria, Archduke Joseph Ferdinand : 30 September 1914 - June 1916 * Karl Tersztyánszky von Náda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brest-Litovsk
Brest, formerly Brest-Litovsk and Brest-on-the-Bug, is a city in south-western Belarus at the border with Poland opposite the Polish town of Terespol, where the Bug and Mukhavets rivers meet, making it a border town. It serves as the administrative center of Brest Region and Brest District, though it is administratively separated from the district. it has a population of 346,061. Brest is one of the oldest cities in Belarus and a historical site for many cultures, as it hosted important historical events, such as the Union of Brest and Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Furthermore, the Brest Fortress was recognized by the Soviet Union as a Hero Fortress in honour of the defense of Brest Fortress in June 1941. In the High Middle Ages, the city often passed between Poland, the principalities of Kievan Rus', and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. From the Late Middle Ages, the city was part of Lithuania, which later became a part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armeeoberkommando
''Armeeoberkommando'' ("Army Higher Command"; AOK) was a command level in the German and Austro-Hungarian armies, especially during the World War I and World War II. It was equivalent to a British, French, American, Italian, Japanese, or Imperial Russian "Army". World War I Germany The German Army (German Empire), army of the German Empire had so-called ''Armee-Inspektionen'' ("Army Inspectorates") as the command authorities above army corps. These were numbered from I to VIII. During World War I, they were renamed to ''Armeeoberkommandos''. Austria-Hungary In Austria-Hungary an ''Armeeoberkommando'' (AOK) - there was only one - was established in summer 1914 at the outbreak of the war. It was the command center for all land and naval forces of the Dual Monarchy. It was led by the following ''Armeeoberkommandanten'' ("army commanders-in-chief"): Frederick of Austria-Teschen, Archduke Frederick; from 2 December 1916, Emperor Charles I of Austria-Hungary, Charles I himself; on 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military and diplomatic alliance, it consisted of two sovereign states with a single monarch who was titled both the Emperor of Austria and the King of Hungary. Austria-Hungary constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg monarchy: it was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War, following wars of independence by Hungary in opposition to Habsburg rule. It was dissolved shortly after Dissolution of Austria-Hungary#Dissolution, Hungary terminated the union with Austria in 1918 at the end of World War 1. One of Europe's major powers, Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe (after Russian Empire, Russia) and the third-most populous (afte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German General Staff
The German General Staff, originally the Prussian General Staff and officially the Great General Staff (), was a full-time body at the head of the Prussian Army and later, the Imperial German Army, German Army, responsible for the continuous study of all aspects of war, and for drawing up and reviewing plans for mobilization or campaign. It existed unofficially from 1806, and was formally established by law in 1814. The first Staff (military), general staff in existence, it was distinguished by the formal selection of its officers by intelligence and Merit system, proven merit rather than patronage or wealth, and by the exhaustive and rigorously structured training which its staff officers undertook. The Prussian General Staff also enjoyed greater freedom from political control than its contemporaries, and this autonomy was enshrined in law on the unification of Germany and the establishment of the German Empire in 1871. It came to be regarded as the home of Militarism#Germany, G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galicia (Eastern Europe)
Galicia ( ;"Galicia" ''Collins English Dictionary'' also known by the Variant name (geography), variant name Galizia; , ; , ; ; see #Origins and variations of the name, below) is a historical and geographic region spanning what is now southeastern Poland and western Ukraine, long part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.See also: It covers much of the other historic regions of Red Ruthenia (centered on Lviv) and Lesser Poland (centered on Kraków). The name of the region derives from the medieval city of Halych, and was first mentioned in Hungarian historical chronicles in the year 1206 as ''Galiciæ''. The eastern part of the region was c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west. The territory has a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and a temperate climate. Poland is composed of Voivodeships of Poland, sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with over 38 million people, and the List of European countries by area, fifth largest EU country by area, covering . The capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city is Warsaw; other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, and Gdańsk. Prehistory and protohistory of Poland, Prehistoric human activity on Polish soil dates to the Lower Paleolithic, with continuous settlement since the end of the Last Gla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Imperial Army
The Imperial German Army (1871–1919), officially referred to as the German Army (), was the unified ground and air force of the German Empire. It was established in 1871 with the political unification of Germany under the leadership of Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia, and was dissolved in 1919, after the defeat of the German Empire in World War I (1914–1918). In the Federal Republic of Germany, the term refers to the German Army, the land component of the . Formation and name The states that made up the German Empire contributed their armies; within the German Confederation, formed after the Napoleonic Wars, each state was responsible for maintaining certain units to be put at the disposal of the Confederation in case of conflict. When operating together, the units were known as the German Federal Army, Federal Army (). The Federal Army system functioned during List of wars: 1800–1899, various conflicts of the 19th century, such as the First Schleswig War from 1848 to 1852. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Powers
The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,; ; , ; were one of the two main coalitions that fought in World War I (1914–1918). It consisted of the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria; this was also known as the Quadruple Alliance., , , The Central Powers' origin was the Dual Alliance (1879), alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1879. Despite having nominally joined the Triple Alliance (1882), Triple Alliance before, Kingdom of Italy, Italy did not take part in World War I on the side of the Central Powers and later joined on the side of the Allies of World War I, Allies. The Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria did not join until after World War I had begun. The Central Powers faced, and were defeated by, the Allied Powers, which themselves had formed around the Triple Entente. They dissolved in 1918 after they lost the war. Name The name 'Central Powers' is derived from the location of its member countries. All f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13th Army (Russian Empire)
The 13th Army was a field army of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I. The headquarters of the 13th Army was formed on 16 May 1915. The Army served as a link between the Northwestern and Southwestern fronts. When in August 1915, the North-Western Front was split into the Northern and Western Front, the 13th Army was disbanded. Its troops were incorporated into the 3rd Army and the staff took over command of the 12th Army. The 13th Army fought in the Great Retreat. Commander * 12.06.1915 – 20.08.1915 — General of Infantry Vladimir Gorbatovsky. See also * List of Russian armies in World War I Russian army formations in World War I include: * 1st Army * 2nd Army * 3rd Army * 4th Army * 5th Army * 6th Army * 7th Army * 8th Army * 9th Army * 10th Army * 11th Army * 12th Army * 13th Army * Caucasus Army * Dobruja Army * ... * List of Imperial Russian Army formations and units References {{Russian-history-stub 13 Military units and fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
