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Vilnius Region Under Lithuanian Administration (1939–1940)
As a result of the German-Soviet Invasion of Poland part of Vilnius Region was under Lithuanian administration in the period lasting from the takeover of the city from the occupying Soviet administration on October 27, 1939, to the Occupation of the Baltic States, occupation of all of Lithuania including Vilnius on June 15, 1940.. As a result of the Polish-Lithuanian conflict of 1919–1920, and the Polish-Soviet war of 1919–1921, Vilnius and the surrounding region became part of Poland. Lithuania claimed the region, still considering Vilnius as its historical and constitutional capital. The strained relations between the two countries did not improve until 1938. In the following year, however, Poland became the victim of a joint Invasion of Poland, German-Soviet invasion in September 1939; as a result of the defeat, its territory was divided between the two occupiers. Lithuania didn't join the invasion, but on 19 September 1939 reminded of its right to Vilnius. The Soviets offered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invasion Of Poland
The invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Second Polish Republic, Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union, which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union, and one day after the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union had approved the pact. The Soviet invasion of Poland, Soviets invaded Poland on 17 September. The campaign ended on 6 October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland under the terms of the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty. The aim of the invasion was to disestablish Poland as a sovereign country, with its citizens destined for The Holocaust, extermination. German and Field Army Bernolák, Slovak forces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty
The Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty (, ) was a bilateral treaty signed between the Soviet Union and Lithuania on October 10, 1939. According to provisions outlined in the treaty, Lithuania would acquire about one fifth of the Vilnius Region, including Lithuania's historical capital, Vilnius, and in exchange would allow five List of Soviet Union military bases abroad, Soviet military bases with 20,000 troops to be established across Lithuania. In essence the treaty with Lithuania was very similar to the treaties that the Soviet Union signed Soviet–Estonian Mutual Assistance Treaty, with Estonia on September 28, and Soviet–Latvian Mutual Assistance Treaty, with Latvia on October 5. According to Soviet propaganda, official Soviet sources, the Soviet military was strengthening the defenses of a weak nation against possible attacks by Nazi Germany. The treaty provided that Lithuania's sovereignty would not be affected. However, in reality the treaty opened the door for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justas Paleckis
Justas Paleckis ( – 26 January 1980) was a Lithuanian Soviet author, journalist and politician. He was nominal acting president of Lithuania after the Soviet invasion while Lithuania was still ostensibly independent, in office from 17 June to 3 August 1940. He then remained the head of state of the Lithuanian SSR until 1967. Life and career Paleckis was born in Telšiai in 1899 in to the family of a blacksmith of noble origin. In 1926–1927, he was a director of the Lithuanian official news agency, ELTA. He later voiced opposition to the ruling elite in Lithuania; in this way, he became a suitable candidate for the Lithuanian communists (subordinate to Soviet envoy Vladimir Dekanozov) to become the leader of Lithuania in the Soviets' planned takeover of the country in 1940. Paleckis had connections to the Lithuanian Communist Party from the early 1930s. After President Antanas Smetona fled to the US when the Soviet Union occupied the country, Prime Minister Antanas Merky ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vytautas The Great
Vytautas the Great (; 27 October 1430) was a ruler of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He was also the prince of Grodno (1370–1382), prince of Lutsk (1387–1389), and the postulated king of the Hussites. In modern Lithuania, Vytautas is revered as a national hero and was an important figure in the national rebirth in the 19th century. ''Vytautas'' is a popular male given name in Lithuania. In commemoration of the 500-year anniversary of his death, Vytautas Magnus University was named after him. Monuments in his honour were built in many towns in independent Lithuania during the interwar period from 1918 to 1939. Vytautas knew and spoke the Lithuanian language with his cousin Jogaila. Struggle for power 1377–1384 Vytautas' uncle Algirdas had been Grand Duke of Lithuania until his death in 1377. Algirdas and Vytautas' father Kęstutis had ruled jointly in the form of diarchy, with Algirdas governing the east and Kęstutis the west, primarily responsible for defense again ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michał Pius Römer
Michał Pius Römer (; 28 May 1880 – 22 February 1945) was a Polish-Lithuanian lawyer, scientist and politician. Early years Römer was born in Lithuania into a Polish noble family of Baltic-German (Livonian) origin. He was one of szlachta members loyal to the heritage of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, referred to as Krajowcy. His father was Michał Kazimierz Römer and mother was Konstancja Tukałło. He attended the Imperial School of Jurisprudence in Saint Petersburg (1893–1901) and later studied history in the Jagiellonian University in Kraków (1901–1902), after that he moved to Paris to study in ''École des sciences politiques'' (1902–1905). In Paris, he belonged to the organisation "Spójnia", where he headed the group "Lithuania", and was closely related to the . He gave the lecture on cultural-ethnographic situation in Lithuania in Café Voltaire, together with another Lithuanian activist, Tadas Ivanauskas. It was later published in Kraków by "Krytyka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franciszek Charwat
Franciszek () is a masculine given name of Polish origin (female form Franciszka). It is a cognate of Francis, Francisco, François, and Franz. People with the name include: *Edward Pfeiffer (Franciszek Edward Pfeiffer) (1895–1964), Polish general officer; recipient of the ''Order of Virtuti Militari'' *Franciszek Alter (1889–1945), Polish general officer during WWII *Franciszek and Magdalena Banasiewicz (fl. mid-20th century), Polish couple who hid and rescued 15 Jews during the Holocaust * Franciszek Antoni Kwilecki (1725–1794), Polish nobleman, statesman, and ambassador *Franciszek Armiński (1789–1848), Polish astronomer *Franciszek Bieliński (1683–1766), Polish politician and statesman *Franciszek Blachnicki (1921–1987), Polish man who started The Light-Life Movement (Światło-Zycie) as a Catholic association *Franciszek Błażej (1907–1951), Polish military officer and anticommunist resistance fighter *Franciszek Bohomolec (1720–1784), Polish dramatist, lingu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alytus
Alytus () is a city with Town privileges, municipal rights in southern Lithuania. It is the List of cities in Lithuania, sixth-largest city in Lithuania and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, 14th-largest city in the Baltic states, and also the Capital (political), capital of Alytus County. Being the historical centre of the Dzūkija region, it is connected to several major roads, linking it with the cities of Vilnius; Kaunas; Lazdijai, which is on the border with Poland; and Grodno, Belarus. In July 2024, its total population was counted as 50,996 people. The city lies on the banks of the Neman, Nemunas river. For centuries, the city was divided into two separate entities. Even today, it consists of two parts still frequently referred to as ''Alytus I'' and ''Alytus II''. The ''Alytus I'' half is smaller, and less developed than the ''Alytus II'' half, which forms the city centre with parks, microdistricts and industrial areas. Name The name of the city is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prienai
Prienai () is a city in Lithuania situated on the Nemunas River, south of Kaunas. In 2023, the city had 8,894 inhabitants. The name of the city is a derivative from the surname ''Prienas''. Pociūnai Airport is associated with the city. History Early history The history of Prienai and its surroundings is closely linked to that of the Baltic region. Traces of sporadic human settlement go back to the Neolithic period. However, the vast majority of archeological findings such as tools and antiquity coins date back to the Iron Age, when the region of Prienai was inhabited by early Baltic tribes. Lush forests, strategically useful valleys, and stunningly beautiful banks of the Nemunas River were among the main reasons why the area became dotted with 28 hillforts, many of which were relatively densely populated thousands of years ago. Grand Duchy of Lithuania The first documented mention of Prienai is in 1502, when the Grand Duke of Lithuania Alexander gave the land of Prienai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaižiūnai
Gaižiūnai is a village in Jonava district municipality, Lithuania. It is situated on the Taurosta River, tributary of Neris, about southeast of Jonava and northeast of Kaunas. The railroad from Šiauliai forks into Kaunas and Vilnius near the village. Gaižiūnai is also known as a military base. Military base The old military training ground in Varėna could not be used by the Lithuanian Army as it was too close to the demarcation line with Poland and stirred Polish protests. Therefore in 1930 the army bought some of land, mostly pine forest, bog, and sandy soil unsuitable for agriculture. The new training grounds included an airfield, railway connection, and numerous buildings for the soldiers. In 1939, according to the Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty, about 5,000 Russian soldiers were stationed in the military base. After World War II, the Soviets expanded the base and built a military townlet in Rukla. When Lithuania regained its independence, the base was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naujoji Vilnia
Naujoji Vilnia is an eldership in eastern Vilnius, Lithuania situated along the banks of the Vilnia River. According to the 2011 census, the district had a population of 31,933. This figure grew to 36,507 in 2021, when the newest census was performed. The ethnographic composition is very diverse, but is also changing because of construction boom in Pavilnys and Kalnėnai neighborhoods of Naujoji Vilnia. History New Vileika emerged as a separate town in the second half of the 19th century when the Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railway was built. It grew as a narrow strip along the rails. Then another major Libau–Romny Railway line connecting Vilnius with Minsk was built. Before World War I, Naujoji Vilnia was one of the most industrialized cities in Lithuania, growing to 10,300 inhabitants in 1903, one of the largest in Lithuania at the time (comp. to Alytus with 3,445, Marijampolė with 6,777 or Panevėžys with 12,968 inhabitants in 1897). It had a number of metal and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grodno County
Grodno County was a county in the Northeast of Białystok Voivodeship (1919–39), Białystok Voivodeship of the Second Polish Republic.
Former counties of Poland
{{Poland-hist-stub ...
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