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Veternica Cave
Veternica is a cave located on Medvednica mountain in Zagreb, Croatia. At long, it is the longest known cave on its massif, and an estimated 6 km or more remain unexplored. In the 1960s, it briefly became the longest cave in Croatia. The first is available to visitors. In 2019, it had 5787 visitors. It is an archeological site where remains of several kinds of prehistoric animals as well as humans have been found. The cave has been protected by law since 7 July 1979, with registration as a Natural Monument on 11 July of that year. Etymology The name ''Vetrenica'' is a Kajkavian wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьnъ, -en-adjective formed from the reflex of Proto-Slavic wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/*větrъ, větrъ "wind", to which the denominal suffix wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ica, -ica has been added. It is named for the wind that comes from the lower entrance of a cave as a result of temperature differences, except in the winter. Specifically in caves with t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vjetrenica Cave
Vjetrenica ( sr-cyrl, Вјетреница, ; ) is the largest cave in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the most biodiverse cave in the world. It is part of the Dinaric Alps mountain range, which is known for its karstic and speleogenesis, speleological features. The cave is located in the Popovo field in Ravno, East Herzegovina in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Geography Popovo Polje and cave location Vjetrenica is located in Popovo Polje (pronounced , meaning ''priest's field'', where polje means a karstic plain), which is itself located in the southernmost regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, West Herzegovina, near the Adriatic coast. Its entrance is near the village of Zavala, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Zavala, in the west south-western corner of the polje. During the warmer parts of the year, a strong blast of cold air blows from its entrance, which is very attractive in the middle of the rocky, hot and waterless terrain. Popovo Polje is one of the largest polje (karstic pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vlado Božić
Vlado () is a Slavic masculine given name. Notable people with the given name include: *Vlado Babić (born 1960), Serbian politician * Vlado Badžim (born 1964), Slovenian football player and football coach * Vlado Bagat (1915–1944), Croatian and Yugoslav soldier * Vlado Bojović (born 1952), Yugoslav handball player * Vlado Brinovec (1941–2006), Slovenian swimmer *Vlado Bučkovski (born 1962), Macedonian politician *Vlado Čapljić (born 1962), Bosnian football manager and former player *Vlado Chernozemski (1897 –1934), Bulgarian revolutionary * Vlado Dapčević (1917–2001), Montenegrin and Yugoslav communist and revolutionary * Vlado Dijak (1925–1988), Yugoslav poet and songwriter * Vlado Dimovski (born 1971), Slovenian economist, philosopher, politician, and university professor * Vlado Fumić (born 1956), Yugoslav cyclist *Vlado Georgiev (born 1976), Serbian recording artist * Vlado Glođović (born 1976), Serbian football referee *Vlado Goreski (born 1958), Macedonia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speleothem
A speleothem (; ) is a geological formation made by mineral deposits that accumulate over time in natural caves. Speleothems most commonly form in calcareous caves due to carbonate dissolution reactions. They can take a variety of forms, depending on their depositional history and environment. Their chemical composition, gradual growth, and preservation in caves make them useful paleoclimatic proxies. Chemical and physical characteristics More than 300 variations of cave mineral deposits have been identified. The vast majority of speleothems are calcareous, composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals (calcite or aragonite). Less commonly, speleothems are made of calcium sulfate ( gypsum or mirabilite) or opal. Speleothems of pure calcium carbonate or calcium sulfate are translucent and colorless. The presence of iron oxide or copper provides a reddish brown color. The presence of manganese oxide can create darker colors such as black or dark brown. Speleothems can also b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger
Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger (October 25, 1856, in Zagreb – December 24, 1936, Zagreb) was a Croatian geologist, paleontologist, and archeologist. Education Dragutin finished his elementary education in Zagreb, Croatia, as well as two years of ''preparandija'' ( Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Zagreb). He started studying paleontology in Zürich, Switzerland. Soon, he moved to München, where his lecturer was Karl Zittel, a world-renowned expert in the areas of anatomy and paleontology. He received a doctoral degree in 1879, (Tübingen, Germany), with work related to fossilized fishes. From 1880, he was curator at the Mineralogical Department of the Croatian National Museum (today the Croatian Natural History Museum) and, in collaboration with his superior, archaeologist Đuro Pilar, he started mapping Mount Medvednica, (medvjed = bear, in Croatian), a mountain just north of Zagreb. In 1890 he changed his family name to Gorjanović. Lecturing His lectu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Velika Peć Na Rogu
Velika peć na Rogu, also known as Velika peć na Lipi or Topla peć, is a cave on Zagrebačka gora. Along with Šupljasta pećina, it has one of the largest openings on the mountain, and has been described as its "most imposing entrance". It is also currently its 9th longest by horizontal passage length. It is far removed from most other caves on Zagrebačka gora, and situated in an older layer than most other caves thereon. It is also situated at a higher elevation than most, and about as the crow flies from the peak of Rog na Lipi (). The total length of the cave is , with an internal vertical difference of . Etymology The name ''Velika peć'', sometimes written in its Kajkavian form ''Velika peč'', means "Large Cave". The need to distinguish it from caves with the same name led some sources to append the epithet ''na Rogu'', meaning "on Rog". The name ''Topla peć'', sometimes written in its Kajkavian form ''Topla peč'', means "Warm Cave". Sometimes the name is given with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krapina - Dragutin Gorjanovic Kramberger (cropped)
Krapina (; ) is a town in northern Croatia and the administrative centre of Krapina-Zagorje County with a population of 4,482 (2011) and a total municipality population of 12,480 (2011). Krapina is located in the hilly Zagorje region of Croatia, approximately from both Zagreb and Varaždin. Population The following settlements comprise the Krapina municipality: * Bobovje, population 510 * Doliće, population 436 * Donja Šemnica, population 912 * Gornja Pačetina, population 404 * Krapina, population 4,471 * Lazi Krapinski, population 79 * Lepajci, population 391 * Mihaljekov Jarek, population 469 * Podgora Krapinska, population 565 * Polje Krapinsko, population 666 * Pretkovec, population 66 * Pristava Krapinska, population 214 * Strahinje, population 328 * Straža Krapinska, population 42 * Škarićevo, population 707 * Šušelj Brijeg, population 4 * Tkalci, population 432 * Trški Vrh, population 399 * Velika Ves, population 727 * Vidovec Krapinski, popu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vadose Zone
The vadose zone (from the Latin word for "shallow"), also termed the unsaturated zone, is the part of Earth between the land surface and the top of the phreatic zone, the position at which the groundwater (the water in the soil's pores) is at atmospheric pressure. Hence, the vadose zone extends from the top of the ground surface to the water table. Water in the vadose zone has a pressure head less than atmospheric pressure, and is retained by a combination of adhesion (''funiculary groundwater''), and capillary action (''capillary groundwater''). If the vadose zone envelops soil, the water contained therein is termed soil moisture. In fine grained soils, capillary action can cause the pores of the soil to be fully saturated above the water table at a pressure less than atmospheric. The vadose zone does not include the area that is still saturated above the water table, often referred to as the capillary fringe. Freeze, R.A. and Cherry, J.A., 1979. Groundwater. Englewood Clif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phreatic Zone
The phreatic zone, saturated zone, or zone of saturation, is the part of an aquifer, below the water table The water table is the upper surface of the phreatic zone or zone of saturation. The zone of saturation is where the pores and fractures of the ground are saturated with groundwater, which may be fresh, saline, or brackish, depending on the loc ..., in which relatively all pores and fractures are saturated with water. The part above the water table is the vadose zone (also called unsaturated zone). The phreatic zone size, color, and depth may fluctuate with changes of season, and during wet and dry periods. Depending on the characteristics of soil particles, their packing and porosity, the boundary of a saturated zone can be stable or instable, exhibiting fingering patterns known as Saffman–Taylor instability. Predicting the onset of stable vs. unstable drainage fronts is of some importance in modelling phreatic zone boundaries. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paleolake
A lake is often a naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface. It is localized in a basin or interconnected basins surrounded by dry land. Lakes lie completely on land and are separate from the ocean, although they may be connected with the ocean by rivers. Lakes, as with other bodies of water, are part of the water cycle, the processes by which water moves around the Earth. Most lakes are fresh water and account for almost all the world's surface freshwater, but some are salt lakes with salinities even higher than that of seawater. Lakes vary significantly in surface area and volume of water. Lakes are typically larger and deeper than ponds, which are also water-filled basins on land, although there are no official definitions or scientific criteria distinguishing the two. Lakes are also distinct from lagoons, which are generally shallow tidal pools dammed by sandbars or other material at coastal regions of oceans or large la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veternica Cave Map (2022) mountain
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Veternica may refer to: * Veternica (river), a river in Serbia * Veternica (cave), a cave near Zagreb, Croatia * Veternica, Krapina-Zagorje County, a village near Novi Golubovec, Croatia * Veternica, one of the peaks of the Baba (North Macedonia) Baba (; or Baba Mountain, ), also known by the name of its highest peak, Pelister (), is a mountain in North Macedonia. The Pelister peak (2601 metres, or 8533 feet) overlooks the city of Bitola. Baba is the third highest mountain in North Macedo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ponikve Polje
Ponikve, which translates as "sinkholes" from Serbo-Croatian, may refer to: Bosnia and Herzegovina * Ponikve, Čajniče, a settlement in the Municipality of Čajniče Croatia * NK Ponikve, a Croatian soccer club based in Zagreb * Ponikve, Dubrovnik-Neretva County, a settlement near Ston Ston () is a settlement and a municipality in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County of Croatia, located at the south of isthmus of the Pelješac peninsula. History Because of its geopolitical and strategic position, Ston has had a rich history since ... * Ponikve, Karlovac County, a village near Ogulin * Ponikve, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, a village near Bakar Serbia * Ponikve, Golubac * Ponikve Airport, an airport near Užice Slovenia * Ponikve, Brežice, a settlement in the Municipality of Brežice * Ponikve, Cerknica, a settlement in the Municipality of Cerknica * Ponikve, Dobrepolje, a settlement in the Municipality of Dobrepolje * Ponikve, Sežana, a settlement in the Municipality of Seža ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ponor
A ponor is a natural opening where surface water enters into underground passages; they may be found in Karst topography, karst landscapes where the geology and the geomorphology is typically dominated by porous limestone rock. Ponors can drain stream or lake water continuously or can at times work as Spring (hydrology), springs, similar to estavelles. Morphologically, ponors come in forms of large pits and caves, large fissures and caverns, networks of smaller cracks, and sedimentary, Alluvium, alluvial drains. Etymology The name for the karst formation ponor comes from Croatian language, Croatian and Slovene language, Slovene. It derives from the proto-Slavic language, proto-Slavic word ''*nora'', meaning ''pit'', ''hole''. Several places in southeast Europe (Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Montenegro, Slovenia) Ponor (other), bear the name ''Ponor'' due to associated karst openings. Description Whereas a sinkhole (doline) is a depression of surf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
