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Vehicle Rollover
A rollover or overturn is a type of vehicle crash in which a vehicle tips over onto its side or roof. Rollovers have a higher fatality rate than other types of vehicle collisions. Dynamics Vehicle rollovers are divided into two categories: tripped and untripped. Tripped rollovers are caused by forces from an external object, such as a curb or a collision with another vehicle. Untripped rollovers are the result of steering input, speed, and friction with the ground. Trailers that are not roll-coupled (i.e. those that use a trailer coupling rather than a fifth wheel) are more prone to rolling as they do not have the tractor unit or prime mover for additional stability. Untripped rollovers Untripped rollovers occur when cornering forces destabilize the vehicle. As a vehicle rounds a corner, three forces act on it: tire forces (the centripetal force), inertial effects (the centrifugal force), and gravity. The cornering forces from the tire push the vehicle towards the center of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dynamic Rollover
A helicopter is susceptible to a rolling tendency, called dynamic rollover, when close to the ground, especially when taking off or landing. For dynamic rollover to occur, some factor has to first cause the helicopter to roll or pivot around a skid, or landing gear wheel, until its critical rollover angle is reached. Then, beyond this point, main rotor thrust continues the roll and recovery is impossible. If the critical rollover angle is exceeded, the helicopter rolls on its side regardless of the cyclic control corrections made. Dynamic rollover begins when the helicopter starts to pivot around its skid or wheel. This can occur for a variety of reasons, including the failure to remove a tiedown or skid securing device, or if the skid or wheel contacts a fixed object while hovering sideward, or if the gear is stuck in ice, soft asphalt, or mud. Dynamic rollover may also occur if the pilot does not use the proper landing or takeoff technique or while performing slope operations. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Axle Track
In Car, automobiles (and other wheeled vehicles which have two wheels on an axle), the axle track is the distance between the hub Flange, flanges on an axle. Wheel track, track width or simply track refers to the distance between the centerline of two wheels on the same axle. In the case of an axle with dual wheels, the centerline of the dual wheel assembly is used for the wheel track specification. Axle and wheel track are commonly measured in millimetres or inches. Common usage Despite their distinct definitions, ''axle track'', (not to be frequently and incorrectly used interchangeably as ''wheel track'' and ''track width''), normally refers to the distance between the centerline of the wheels. For a vehicle with two axles, the term can be expressed as ''front track'' and ''rear track''. For a vehicle with more than two axles, the axles are normally numbered for reference. Offset wheel track In vehicles with Wheel_sizing#Offset, offset wheels, wheel track is distinct from axle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tilt Test (vehicle Safety Test)
The tilt test is a type of safety test that certain government vehicle certification bodies require new vehicle designs to pass before being allowed on the road or rail track. The test is an assessment of the weight distribution and hence the position of the centre of gravity of the vehicle, and can be carried out in a laden or unladen state, i.e. with or without passengers or freight. The test can be applied to automobiles, trucks, buses and rail vehicles. The test involves tilting the vehicle in the notional direction of the side of the vehicle, on a movable platform. In order to pass the test, the vehicle must not tip over before a specified angle of tilt is reached by the table. In the United Kingdom, double-decker buses have to: "be capable of leaning, fully laden on top, at an angle of 28 deg without toppling over before they are allowed on the road." The same 28-degree requirement is in place in Hong Kong for double-decker buses. For single-deckers the requirement is 35 de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA ) is an agency of the U.S. federal government, part of the Department of Transportation, focused on automobile safety regulations. NHTSA is charged with writing and enforcing Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS), regulations for motor vehicle theft resistance, and fuel economy, as part of the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) system. FMVSS 209 was the first standard to become effective on March 1, 1967. NHTSA licenses vehicle manufacturers and importers, allows or blocks the import of vehicles and safety-regulated vehicle parts, administers the vehicle identification number (VIN) system, develops the crash test dummies used in U.S. safety testing as well as the test protocols themselves, and provides vehicle insurance cost information. The agency has asserted preemptive regulatory authority over greenhouse gas emissions, but this has been disputed by state regulatory agencies such as the Cali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Wide Tours Bus Crash
The World Wide Tours bus crash took place at about 5:30 a.m. on March 12, 2011, in the southbound lanes of the New England Thruway segment of Interstate 95 within Pelham Bay Park near Split Rock at the border between the Bronx and Pelham Manor, New York. The bus was returning to Chinatown, Manhattan, from the Mohegan Sun casino in Uncasville, Connecticut. It swerved and collided with a metal sign pole, which ripped through it and tore off most of its roof. Thirteen passengers died at the scene, two died at hospitals, and all seventeen others on board were injured. Cause Conditions of the crash Some surviving passengers have said that the driver, Ophadell Williams, fell asleep at the wheel. He was not charged initially, pending investigation. Williams said that he was awake and sober at the time of the crash. The bus driver blamed the crash on a tractor-trailer that he swerved to avoid, causing the bus to flip on its side and crash into an overhead highway sign which split ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Improvised Explosive Device
An improvised explosive device (IED) is a bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than in conventional warfare, conventional military action. It may be constructed of conventional military explosives, such as an artillery shell, attached to a detonating mechanism. IEDs are commonly used as roadside bombs, or homemade bombs. The term "IED" was coined by the British Army during the Northern Ireland conflict to refer to booby traps made by the Provisional Irish Republican Army, IRA, and entered common use in the U.S. during the Iraq War. IEDs are generally utilized in terrorist operations or in asymmetric warfare, asymmetric unconventional warfare or urban warfare by insurgent guerrilla warfare, guerrillas or commando forces in a theater (warfare), theatre of operations. In the Iraq War (2003–2011), Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011), insurgents used IEDs extensively against U.S.-led forces, and by the end of 2007, IEDs were responsible for approximately 63% of Multi-National ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isuzu Trooper
The Isuzu Trooper is a compact SUV that was produced by Isuzu between September 1981 and September 2002. In the domestic Japanese market it was sold as the Isuzu Bighorn, the car was exported internationally mainly as a Trooper but it also received several other nameplates including Acura SLX, Chevrolet Trooper, Subaru Bighorn, SsangYong Korando Family, Honda Horizon, Opel Monterey, Vauxhall Monterey, Holden Jackaroo, and Holden Monterey. In total, there were two generations of this vehicle: the first, produced between 1981 and 1991; and the second (UBS) produced between 1991 and 2002, with a substantial refresh in 1998. The Trooper began as a rather basic and somewhat underpowered on- and off-road vehicle, offered only with four-cylinder motor, four-speed manual transmission, and part-time four-wheel drive. The first generation evolved to add both amenities and luxuries, including optional air-conditioning, power windows, and a more powerful V6 engine. The second generation wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitsubishi Pajero
The Further information on the Mitsubishi Pajero SUV p.2, Chameleon Translations Further information on the Mitsubishi Pajero SUV p.1, Chameleon Translations is a full-size SUV (sport utility vehicle) manufactured and marketed globally by Mitsubishi Motors, Mitsubishi over four generations — introduced in 1981 and discontinued in 2021. The Pajero nameplate derives from ''Leopardus pajeros'', the Pampas cat. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeep CJ
The Jeep CJ models are a series and a range of small, open-bodied off-road vehicles and compact pickup trucks, built and sold by several successive incarnations of the Jeep automobile marque from 1945 through 1986. The 1945 Willys "Universal Jeep" was the world's first mass-produced civilian four-wheel drive car. In 1944, Willys-Overland, the primary manufacturer of the World War II military Jeep, built the first prototypes for a commercial version – the CJ, short for "civilian Jeep". The design was a direct evolution from the wartime Jeep, but the most obvious change was adding a tailgate, and relocating the spare wheel to the side. Also, besides adding basic civilian amenities and options and legally-compliant lighting, the CJ required a sturdier drivetrain than the wartime model, because the targeted rural buyers would expect years of durability, instead of mere weeks as during WWII. From then on, all CJ Jeeps consistently had a separate body and frame, rigid live axles w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suzuki Samurai
The is a series of four-wheel drive off-road mini SUVs, manufactured and marketed by Japanese automaker Suzuki since 1970. Originally belonging to the kei class, Japan's light automobile tax/legal class, the company continues to market a kei-compliant version for the Japanese and global markets as the Jimny, as well as versions that exceed kei-class limitations. Suzuki has marketed 2.85 million Jimnys in 194 countries through September 2018. History The history of Suzuki four-wheel drive cars began in the latter half of the 1960s, when Suzuki bought a Steyr-Puch Haflinger to study with the intent of building a kei-class off-road vehicle. A better opportunity presented itself in 1968, when Suzuki was able to buy bankrupt Japanese automaker Hope Motor Company, which had introduced a small off-road vehicle called the HopeStar ON360. The tiny Hope company had been unable to enter series production, and only about 45 were manufactured. The first Suzuki-branded four-wheel dri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ford Bronco II
The Ford Bronco II is a compact sport utility vehicle (SUV) that was manufactured by the American manufacturer Ford Motor Company, Ford. Closely matching the Ford Bronco#First generation (1966), first-generation Ford Bronco in size, the Bronco II was sold for the 1984 to 1990 model years, alongside the third and fourth generations of Ford's full-size car, full-size Bronco. Derived from the Ford Ranger (Americas), Ford Ranger compact pickup truck, the Bronco II was produced in a single generation as a three-door wagon only, competing against the three-door version of the Jeep Cherokee (XJ), Jeep Cherokee introduced the same year, and the compact Chevrolet S-10 Blazer and GMC S-15 Jimmy which General Motors, GM had launched as smaller, similar-named SUVs alongside their full-size Blazer and Jimmy a year prior. For the 1991 model year, Ford replaced the Bronco II with a larger but still Ranger-derived SUV, the mid-size Ford Explorer, Explorer. Alongside a three-door w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ford E-Series
The Ford E-Series (also known as the Ford Econoline, Ford Econovan or Ford Club Wagon) is a range of full-size vans manufactured and marketed by the Ford Motor Company. Introduced for 1961 as the replacement of the Ford F-Series panel van, four generations of the model line have been produced. Marketed for both cargo and passenger transport, the E-Series has had multiple designs for both retail and commercial sale, including vans, and commercial-grade cutaway van chassis and stripped chassis (a chassis without bodywork). With over 8.2 million units sold since 1961, the Ford E-Series is the third-best selling van line in history (outranked only by the Ford Transit and Volkswagen Transporter). Ford retired the E-Series passenger and cargo vans after 2014, replacing them with the Ford Transit. The E-Series remains offered exclusively in cutaway and stripped-chassis configurations. In 2021, the model line became the second existing Ford line to enter its 60th year of production. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
