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Usnea Mayrhoferi
''Usnea mayrhoferi'' is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in the Galápagos Islands. Taxonomy ''Usnea mayrhoferi'' was first species description, formally described by Maria de los Angeles Herrera-Campos, Frank Bungartz, Camille Truong, and Philippe Clerc (lichenologist), Philippe Clerc in 2018. The species is named after Austrian lichenologist Helmut Mayrhofer, in honour of his 65th birthday. The type (biology), type specimen of ''Usnea mayrhoferi'' was collected by Clerc on the Sierra Negra (Galápagos), Sierra Negra volcano (Isabela Island (Galápagos), Isabela Island) at an altitude of ; there it was found growing on a living fencepost in a farming area. Description ''Usnea mayrhoferi'' has a stiff, compact, and erect-shrubby appearance. Its branches are non-inflated and adorned with abundant , , and . The base of the trunk is distinctly blackened, and annular (ring-like) cracks extend along the basal branches. Soralia (reproductive str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fruticose Lichen
A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship of a photobiont such as green algae or less commonly cyanobacteria and one, two or more mycobionts. Fruticose lichens are not a monophyletic and holophyletic lineage, but are a form encountered in many classes. Fruticose lichens have a complex vegetation structure, and are characterized by an ascending, bushy or pendulous appearance. As with other lichens, many fruticose lichens can endure high degrees of desiccation. They grow slowly and often occur in habitats such as on tree barks, on rock surfaces and on soils in the Arctic and mountain regions. Characteristics Characteristic of fruticose lichen is the shape of the thallus. Like crustose lichen, fruticose lichen is composed of a holdfast which will act as an anchor for the lichen to grow in rock fissures, over loose sand or soil. Growth and structure Fruticose or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Usnea Brattiae
''Usnea'' is a genus of fruticose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. The genus, which currently contains roughly 130 species, was established by Michel Adanson in 1763. Species in the genus grow like leafless mini-shrubs or tassels anchored on bark or twigs. Members of the genus are commonly called old man's beard, beard lichen, or beard moss. Usnea lichens are characterized by their shrubby growth form, elastic branches with a central cord, and distinctive soralia that produce vegetative propagules. They vary in colour from pale green to yellow-green, grey-green, reddish, or variegated, and range in size from a few millimetres in polluted areas to over three metres long in species like ''Usnea longissima''. Members of the genus are similar to those of the genus '' Alectoria''.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, A distinguishing test is that the branches of ''Usnea'' are somewhat elastic, but the branches of ''Alectoria'' s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichens Of The Galápagos Islands
A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. . Lichens are the lifeform that first brought the term symbiosis (as ''Symbiotismus'') into biological context. Lichens have since been recognized as important actors in nutrient cycling and producers which many higher trophic feeders feed on, such as reindeer, gastropods, nematodes, mites, and springtails. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Usnea
''Usnea'' is a genus of fruticose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. The genus, which currently contains roughly 130 species, was established by Michel Adanson in 1763. Species in the genus grow like leafless mini-shrubs or tassels anchored on bark or twigs. Members of the genus are commonly called old man's beard, beard lichen, or beard moss. Usnea lichens are characterized by their shrubby growth form, elastic branches with a central cord, and distinctive soralia that produce vegetative propagules. They vary in colour from pale green to yellow-green, grey-green, reddish, or variegated, and range in size from a few millimetres in polluted areas to over three metres long in species like '' Usnea longissima''. Members of the genus are similar to those of the genus '' Alectoria''.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, A distinguishing test is that the branches of ''Usnea'' are somewhat elastic, but the branches of ''Alectoria'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Usnea Species
This is a list of species in the fruticose lichen genus ''Usnea'', commonly known as "beard lichens". , Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 128 species of ''Usnea'', although many more have been described throughout the genus's extensive taxonomy (biology), taxonomic history. The fungal nomenclatural authority Index Fungorum lists nearly 2,000 taxon, taxa that have ever been associated with the genus, including form (botany), forms, variety (botany), varieties, and subspecies, as well as numerous obsolete names, synonym (taxonomy), synonyms, misapplied names, and taxa temporarily placed in ''Usnea'' but later transferred to other genera. This significant discrepancy between accepted species and total published names reflects the complex taxonomic history of the genus. Ongoing revisions with molecular phylogenetics and morphology (biology), morphological studies continue to refine the understanding of ''Usnea'' species boundaries. A *''Usnea acromelana'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Usnea Patriciana
''Usnea patriciana'' is a rare species of fruticose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands. This beard lichen has a shrubby appearance with cylindrical branches and distinct black pigmentation at its base. Taxonomy ''Usnea patriciana'' was formally described as a new species by Frank Bungartz, Maria de los Angeles Herrera-Campos, and Philippe Clerc in 2018. The type specimen was discovered on San Cristóbal Island, along the northern border of Galápagos National Park; there, at an altitude of , it was found growing on fallen tree branches. The species was named in appreciation of herbarium curator Patricia Jaramillo, of the Charles Darwin Research Station, "for her friendship and continued support of the Galapagos Lichen Inventory". Description This lichen species has a shrubby or somewhat pendulous growth form with branches that are cylindrical and non-inflated. The base is distinctly blackish for the first few millimeters. The branches be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norstictic Acid
Norstictic acid is a depsidone produced as a secondary metabolites in lichens. The compound contains both an aldehyde carbonyl group and an adjacent hydroxyl In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy ... group in its molecular structure, which enables it to form complexes with certain metals. This property was demonstrated in studies of lichens growing on copper-rich substrates, where norstictic acid forms complexes with copper ions in the (outer layer) of the lichen thallus, resulting in a distinctive green-yellow coloration. The formation of these copper-norstictic acid complexes appears to be selective, as evidenced by comparing it to the structurally similar stictic acid, which lacks the adjacent hydroxy group and does not form copper complexes. This metal-binding capabi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemotype
A chemotype (sometimes chemovar) is a chemically distinct entity in a plant or microorganism, with differences in the composition of the secondary metabolites. Minor genetic and epigenetic changes with little or no effect on morphology or anatomy may produce large changes in the chemical phenotype. Chemotypes are often defined by the most abundant chemical produced by that individual and the concept has been useful in work done by chemical ecologists and natural product chemists. With respect to plant biology, the term "chemotype" was coined by Rolf Santesson and his son Johan in 1968, defined as, "...chemically characterized parts of a population of morphologically indistinguishable individuals."Keefover-Ring K, Thompson JD, and Linhart YB. 2009. Beyond six scents: defining a seventh ''Thymus vulgaris'' chemotype new to southern France by ethanol extraction. ''Flavour and Fragrance Journal'', 24(3): 117-122. doi:10.1002/ffj.1921 In microbiology, the term "chemoform" or "chemovar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Usnea Cedrosiana
''Usnea'' is a genus of fruticose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. The genus, which currently contains roughly 130 species, was established by Michel Adanson in 1763. Species in the genus grow like leafless mini-shrubs or tassels anchored on bark or twigs. Members of the genus are commonly called old man's beard, beard lichen, or beard moss. Usnea lichens are characterized by their shrubby growth form, elastic branches with a central cord, and distinctive soralia that produce vegetative propagules. They vary in colour from pale green to yellow-green, grey-green, reddish, or variegated, and range in size from a few millimetres in polluted areas to over three metres long in species like ''Usnea longissima''. Members of the genus are similar to those of the genus '' Alectoria''.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, A distinguishing test is that the branches of ''Usnea'' are somewhat elastic, but the branches of ''Alectoria'' s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Usnea Krogiana
''Usnea krogiana'' is a species of beard lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is characterized by its shrubby, rigid growth form reaching 2–8 cm in length, a distinctive jet-black basal trunk with thin ring-like cracks, an extremely thick central axis (50–80% of branch diameter), small dot-like reproductive structures (soralia), and the presence of usnic acid in its outer layer and stictic acid group compounds in its inner layer. The lichen is primarily found in Macaronesia (the Azores and Canary Islands) at elevations between 280 and 1400 metres, has been collected in the West Indies, and was more recently discovered in São Tomé and Príncipe in continental Africa. It typically grows on native trees in cloud forests, on isolated trees in pastures, along roadsides, and occasionally on rock boulders. Taxonomy The species was formally described by the Swiss lichenologist Philippe Clerc in 2006. Clerc named the species in honour of Hildur Krog, a distinguished Swedish liche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
