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Usnea Macaronesica
''Usnea macaronesica'' is a species of beard lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Characterized by its shrubby greenish-yellow appearance growing 2–5 cm in length, it features distinctive large, excavated reproductive structures and a unique chemical composition. Originally discovered in Macaronesia (the Azores and Canary Islands) where it grows in forest ecosystems, it was later found in coastal areas of North America, specifically Maine and Nova Scotia, where it typically grows on conifers near shorelines. This lichen is related to several other ''Usnea'' species but can be distinguished by its specific branch structure, thin central axis, and broad inner layer, as well as the presence of certain lichen products in its composition that vary between populations. Taxonomy ''Usnea macaronesica'' was species description, described by the Swiss lichenologist Philippe Clerc (lichenologist), Philippe Clerc in 2006. The botanical name, species name ''macaronesica'' refers to Maca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beard Lichen
''Usnea'' is a genus of fruticose lichen, fruticose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. The genus, which currently contains roughly 130 species, was established by Michel Adanson in 1763. Species in the genus grow like leafless mini-shrubs or tassels Holdfast (biology), anchored on bark or twigs. Members of the genus are List of common names of lichen genera, commonly called old man's beard, beard lichen, or beard moss. Usnea lichens are characterized by their shrubby growth form, elastic branches with a central cord, and distinctive soralia that produce vegetative propagules. They vary in colour from pale green to yellow-green, grey-green, reddish, or variegated, and range in size from a few millimetres in polluted areas to over three metres long in species like ''Usnea longissima''. Members of the genus are similar to those of the genus ''Alectoria (fungus), Alectoria''.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, A distinguishing tes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes. The offspring that arise by asexual reproduction from either unicellular or multicellular organisms inherit the full set of genes of their single parent and thus the newly created individual is genetically and physically similar to the parent or an exact clone of the parent. Asexual reproduction is the primary form of reproduction for single-celled organisms such as archaea and eubacteria, bacteria. Many Eukaryote, eukaryotic organisms including plants, animals, and Fungus, fungi can also reproduce asexually. In Vertebrate, vertebrates, the most common form of asexual reproduction is parthenogenesis, which is typically used as an alternative to sexual reproduction in times when reproductive opportunities are limited. Some Monitor lizard, monitor lizards, including Komodo dragons, can reproduce asexually. While all prokaryotes reproduce without the fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Wass Island Preserve
The Great Wass Island Preservation is a open space reserve located on the coast of Maine, east of Ellsworth, Maine, on Great Wass Island. The reserve, managed by the land conservation non-profit organization The Nature Conservancy, is notable for its subarctic plants and coastal jackpine. Geography and Recreation The Great Wass Island Preservation contains heaths and thin acidic soil on coastal bedrock. It is noted for a diverse plant population which includes carnivorous plants, subarctic iris ('' Iris hookeri''), and coastal jackpine (''Pinus banksiana Jack pine (''Pinus banksiana''), also known as grey pine or scrub pine, is a North American pine. Distribution and habitat Its native range in Canada is east of the Rocky Mountains from the Mackenzie River in the Northwest Territories to Cape ...''). The preserve offers of trails for hiking. An interpretive brochure is provided at the trailhead kiosk. History The Nature Conservancy acquired the land of the preservati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Usnea Krogiana
''Usnea krogiana'' is a species of beard lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is characterized by its shrubby, rigid growth form reaching 2–8 cm in length, a distinctive jet-black basal trunk with thin ring-like cracks, an extremely thick central axis (50–80% of branch diameter), small dot-like reproductive structures (soralia), and the presence of usnic acid in its outer layer and stictic acid group compounds in its inner layer. The lichen is primarily found in Macaronesia (the Azores and Canary Islands) at elevations between 280 and 1400 metres, has been collected in the West Indies, and was more recently discovered in São Tomé and Príncipe in continental Africa. It typically grows on native trees in cloud forests, on isolated trees in pastures, along roadsides, and occasionally on rock boulders. Taxonomy The species was formally described by the Swiss lichenologist Philippe Clerc in 2006. Clerc named the species in honour of Hildur Krog, a distinguished Swedish liche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Usnea Lapponica
''Usnea '' is a species of beard lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was described as a new species in 1925 by Finnish lichenologist Edvard August Vainio. The lichen has a richly branched thallus Thallus (: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. A thallus usually names the entir ..., and the branches have depressions and foveolae. It is widely distributed in Europe. See also * List of ''Usnea'' species References lapponica Lichen species Lichens described in 1925 Lichens of Europe Taxa named by Edvard August Vainio {{Parmeliaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fruticose Lichen
A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship of a photobiont such as green algae or less commonly cyanobacteria and one, two or more mycobionts. Fruticose lichens are not a monophyletic and holophyletic lineage, but are a form encountered in many classes. Fruticose lichens have a complex vegetation structure, and are characterized by an ascending, bushy or pendulous appearance. As with other lichens, many fruticose lichens can endure high degrees of desiccation. They grow slowly and often occur in habitats such as on tree barks, on rock surfaces and on soils in the Arctic and mountain regions. Characteristics Characteristic of fruticose lichen is the shape of the thallus. Like crustose lichen, fruticose lichen is composed of a holdfast which will act as an anchor for the lichen to grow in rock fissures, over loose sand or soil. Growth and structure Fruticose or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norstictic Acid
Norstictic acid is a depsidone produced as a secondary metabolites in lichens. The compound contains both an aldehyde carbonyl group and an adjacent hydroxyl In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy ... group in its molecular structure, which enables it to form complexes with certain metals. This property was demonstrated in studies of lichens growing on copper-rich substrates, where norstictic acid forms complexes with copper ions in the (outer layer) of the lichen thallus, resulting in a distinctive green-yellow coloration. The formation of these copper-norstictic acid complexes appears to be selective, as evidenced by comparing it to the structurally similar stictic acid, which lacks the adjacent hydroxy group and does not form copper complexes. This metal-binding capabi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptostictic Acid
Cryptostictic acid is a chemical compound of the depsidone class. It has the molecular formula and is a secondary metabolite of various lichens. It was first reported in 1980 as a constituent of '' Lobaria oregana''. It has since been identified in lichens in the genera ''Ramalina'', '' Oxneriaria'', and ''Usnea ''Usnea'' is a genus of fruticose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. The genus, which currently contains roughly 130 species, was established by Michel Adanson in 1763. Species in the genus grow like leafless mini-shrubs or tassels anch ...'', among others. References {{reflist Carboxylic acids Lichen products Heterocyclic compounds with 4 rings Benzodioxepines Methoxy compounds Lactones Triols Oxygen heterocycles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constictic Acid
Constictic acid is a chemical compound of the depsidone class. It was first isolated in 1968 from lichen of the genus ''Usnea''. It has since been found in many other lichen genera including ''Menegazzia'', '' Crespoa'', and ''Xanthoparmelia ''Xanthoparmelia'' (commonly known as green rock shields or rock-shield lichens) is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, This genus of lichen i ...''. References Lactones Benzaldehydes Heterocyclic compounds with 4 rings Hydroxyarenes Methoxy compounds Benzodioxepines Lichen products Oxygen heterocycles {{Ether-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbatic Acid
Barbatic acid is an organic compound that is made by some lichens. It is in the structural class known as depsides. It is particularly common in the genera ''Usnea'' (the beard lichens) and ''Cladonia''. History The compound was first isolated in 1880 from the lichen '' Usnea barbata'' by chemists John Stenhouse and Charles Groves. The compound coccellic acid, isolated from '' Cladonia coccifera'', was later shown to be the same compound as barbatic acid. Properties Biosynthetically, barbatic acid is made of two units of orsellinate derivatives that are created by an aromatic synthase enzyme. The repeated action of this enzyme produces an 8-carbon polyketide intermediate that is cyclized. Barbatic acid's IUPAC name is 2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoyl)oxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoic acid. Its chemical formula is C19H20O7; it has a molecular mass of 360.36 grams per mole. In its purified crystalline form, it exists as various forms: small rhombic prisms, long ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Usnic Acid
Usnic acid is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species with the formula C18H16O7. It was first isolated by German scientist W. Knop in 1844 and first synthesized between 1933 and 1937 by Frank H. Curd and Alexander Robertson. Usnic acid was identified in many genera of lichens including '' Usnea'', '' Cladonia'', '' Hypotrachyna'', ''Lecanora'', '' Ramalina'', '' Evernia'', '' Parmelia'' and '' Alectoria''. Although it is generally believed that usnic acid is exclusively restricted to lichens, in a few unconfirmed isolated cases the compound was found in kombucha tea and non-lichenized ascomycetes. At normal conditions, usnic acid is a bitter, yellow, solid substance. It is known to occur in nature in both the d- and l-forms as well as a racemic mixture. Salts of usnic acid are called usnates (e.g. copper usnate). Biological role in lichens Usnic acid is a secondary metabolite in lichens whose role has not been completely elucidated. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
