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Uranium Mining In France
Uranium mining in France is the activity of the 210 or so uranium mines that operated in the country between 1945 and 2001. Together, these sites produced around 76,000 tonnes of uranium. This production is destined for France's nuclear program, both civil and military. These mines are mainly located in the Massif Central (Auvergne, Limousin, Languedoc) and the Massif Armoricain (Vendée and Bretagne). Now completely closed, these mining sites have had different destinies, from renaturation to rehabilitation. History Having made the choice to become a nuclear power, both civil and military, France set out in the 1940s to ensure its self-sufficiency in uranium. France's richest deposits contain between one and five kilograms of uranium per tonne of ore, but under difficult operating conditions (underground mines) and in the face of sometimes strong local opposition. These mines have been opened and operated mainly by French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint-Symphorien-de-Marmagne
Saint-Symphorien-de-Marmagne (, "St Symphorien of Marmagne") is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in central-east France. Transport Saint-Symphorien-de-Marmagne is served by the TER Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Saint-Symphorien-de-Marmagne station on the Nevers–Chagny railway. See also *Communes of the Saône-et-Loire department The following is a list of the 563 communes of the Saône-et-Loire department of France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories inclu ... References Communes of Saône-et-Loire {{Autun-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world. Its first book was printed in Oxford in 1478, with the Press officially granted the legal right to print books by decree in 1586. It is the second-oldest university press after Cambridge University Press, which was founded in 1534. It is a department of the University of Oxford. It is governed by a group of 15 academics, the Delegates of the Press, appointed by the Vice Chancellor, vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford. The Delegates of the Press are led by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University Press has had a similar governance structure since the 17th century. The press is located on Walton Street, Oxford, Walton Street, Oxford, opposite Somerville College, Oxford, Somerville College, in the inner suburb of Jericho, Oxford, Jericho. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartel
A cartel is a group of independent market participants who collaborate with each other as well as agreeing not to compete with each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the market. A cartel is an organization formed by producers to limit competition and increase prices by creating artificial shortages through low production quotas, stockpiling, and marketing quotas. Jurisdictions frequently consider cartelization to be anti-competitive behavior, leading them to outlaw cartel practices. Cartels are inherently unstable due to the temptation by members of the cartel to cheat and defect on each other by improving their individual profits, which may lead to falling prices for all members. The doctrine in economics that analyzes cartels is cartel theory. Cartels are distinguished from other forms of collusion or anti-competitive organization such as corporate mergers. Advancements in technology or the emergence of substitutes can undermine cartel pricing power, leadi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Community
The French Community () was the constitutional organization set up in October 1958 between France and its remaining African colonies, then in the process of decolonization. It replaced the French Union, which had reorganized the colonial empire in 1946. While the Community remained formally in existence until 1995, when the French Parliament officially abolished it, it had effectively ceased to exist and function by the end of 1960, by which time all the African members had declared their independence and left it. The Community had a short lifespan because, while the African members did not refuse it, they refrained from real involvement. Under the appearance of equality, the constitution of the Community restricted the sovereignty of the twelve African states, and reaffirmed the preeminence of France, by placing in the ''domaine commun'' (exercised in common) critical functions such as foreign affairs, defence, the currency, economic policies and control of raw materials. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibesti Mountains
The Tibesti Mountains are a mountain range in the central Sahara, primarily located in the extreme north of Chad, with a small portion located in southern Libya. The highest peak in the range, Emi Koussi, lies to the south at a height of and is the highest point in both Chad and the Sahara. Bikku Bitti, the highest peak in Libya, is located in the north of the range. The central third of the Tibesti is of volcanic origin and consists of five volcanoes topped by large depressions: Emi Koussi, Tarso Toon, Tarso Voon, Tarso Yega and Toussidé. Major lava flows have formed vast plateaus that overlie Paleozoic sandstone. The volcanic activity was the result of a continental hotspot (geology), hotspot that arose during the Oligocene and continued in some places until the Holocene, creating fumaroles, hot springs, mud pools and deposits of natron and sulfur. Erosion has shaped volcanic spires and carved an extensive network of canyons through which run rivers subject to highly irregula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoggar Mountains
The Hoggar Mountains (; Berber: ''idurar n Ahaggar'') are a highland region in the central Sahara in southern Algeria, along the Tropic of Cancer. The mountains cover an area of approximately 550,000 km2. The Hoggar Mountains are home to the Ahaggar National Park. The tallest peak in the range and Algeria, Mount Tahat, is located in the park area, which covers approximately . Geography This mountainous region is located about south of the capital, Algiers. The area is largely rocky desert with an average elevation of more than above sea level. The highest peak, Mount Tahat, is at . The mountains are primarily composed of metamorphic rock approximately 2 billion years old, although there are areas where more recent volcanic activity has laid down much newer rock. Several of the more dramatic peaks, such as Ilamen, are the result of erosion wearing away extinct volcano domes, leaving behind the more resistant material that plugged the volcanic cones. Assekrem is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adrar Des Ifoghas
The Adrar des Ifoghas (also Adrar des Iforas; Tamasheq: ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵓⵖⴰⵙ in Tifinagh; Adrar n Ifoghas; Ifoghas' Mountains) is a massif located in the Kidal Region of Mali, reaching into Algeria. It has an area of around 250,000 square kilometers (97,000 square miles). Geography The Adrar des Ifoghas area is characterized by wide, shallow valleys and is strewn with piles of eroded granite blocks. The massif's valleys open to the Tamesna plain on the east, to the Telemsi fosse on the west, to the western basin of the Azaouak valley on the south and to the Tanezrouft on the north. Settlements of the area include Kidal, Aguel'hoc, Boghassa, Essouk and Tessalit. The Adrar des Ifoghas is known locally as "Adagh". "Adrar" is the Berber word for mountain, while "Ifogha" is the name of an aristocratic Tuareg clan, " Kel Ifoghas", who have dominated the region for generations. Like most Tuareg, the Kel Ifoghas are nomadic, raising camels, goat Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forez Mountains
The Forez mountains (, ) are a mountain range in the Massif Central separating the Dore (river), Dore valley from the Forez plain. They reach their highest point at Pierre-sur-Haute, with an altitude of 1,631 meters. Geography Location The Forez mountains are located in the Departments of France, departments of Loire (department), Loire, Haute-Loire, and Puy-de-Dôme. The massif is situated northwest of the city of Saint-Étienne and southeast of Thiers, Puy-de-Dôme, Thiers. It overlooks the Forez plain (to the east) and the Dore valley (to the west). Geology The base of the Forez mountains consists of igneous rocks (granites) and metamorphic rocks (gneiss). The formation of the range occurred during the Paleozoic Era. In the Tertiary period, Tertiary Period, the Alpine cycle created the current landscape with mountains and valleys. This episode ended with a Miocene volcanic phase. The Quaternary glaciations then eroded the landscape to give it its present form. Fauna and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint-Priest-la-Prugne
Saint-Priest-la-Prugne () is a commune in the Loire department in central France. Population See also *Communes of the Loire department The following is a list of the 320 communes of the Loire department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025): References Communes of Loire (department) {{Loire-geo-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gueugnon
Gueugnon () is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. Population Economy The primary industry in the town is a stainless-steel factory run by Aperam. A huge part of Gueugnon's economy is based on cow breeding, mostly because the city is located in the Charolais area. There is also an industrial and touristic zone 3 kilometers south of Gueugnon called Chazey with a sand quarry, a transport company and 5 ponds mostly used by anglers and canoe clubs. Gueugnon is a twin town of Otterberg, Germany. Tourism In Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, you can see : * The Arboretum de Pézanin, one of the richest forest collection in France, * The Rock of Solutré, * The Cluny abbey, and its medieval city, * Charolles and the "boeuf charolais", * Mâcon, Paray-le-Monial, *The Canal Bridge in Digoin, *Diverti'Parc in Toulon sur Arroux, *Touroparc Zoo in Romanèche-Thorins, * Nicéphore-Niépce museum in Chalon-sur-Saône. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Equatorial Africa
French Equatorial Africa (, or AEF) was a federation of French colonial territories in Equatorial Africa which consisted of Gabon, French Congo, Ubangi-Shari, and Chad. It existed from 1910 to 1958 and its administration was based in Brazzaville. History Established in 1910, the Federation contained four colonial possessions: French Gabon, French Congo, Ubangi-Shari and French Chad. The Governor-General was based in Brazzaville with deputies in each territory. In 1911, France ceded parts of the territory to German Kamerun as a result of the Agadir Crisis. The territory was returned after Germany's defeat in World War I, while most of French Cameroon, Cameroon proper became a French League of Nations mandate not integrated into the AEF. French Equatorial Africa, especially the region of Ubangi-Shari, had a similar concession system as the Congo Free State and similar atrocities were also committed there. Writer André Gide traveled to Ubangi-Shari and was told by inhabita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
