|
Upper Cerdagne
French Cerdagne (, ) is the northern half of Cerdanya, which came under French control as a result of the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, while the southern half remained in Spain (as a part of Catalonia). Catalans often refer to French Cerdagne as Upper Cerdanya (). It is the only French territory on the Iberian Peninsula, as it is located on the south side of the Pyrenees Range between France and Spain. For example, the Segre river, which goes west and then south to meet the Ebro, has its source in the French Cerdagne. An inadvertent result of the Treaty of the Pyrenees is the Spanish exclave of LlÃvia (the small uncolored area in the map) which is sovereign Spanish territory surrounded by French Cerdagne. French Cerdagne has no special status inside France, simply forming a physiographic region within the '' department'' of Pyrénées-Orientales, unlike the Spanish part of Cerdanya, which is officially a Catalan ''comarca'' called simply Cerdanya. In France, the French are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerdanya
Cerdanya (; , ; , ) or often La Cerdanya is a natural region, natural comarca and historical region of the eastern Pyrenees divided between France and Spain. Historically it was one of the Catalan counties, counties of Catalonia. Cerdanya has a land area of , divided almost evenly between Spain (50.3%) and France (49.7%). In 2001 its population was approximately 26,500, of whom 53% lived on Spanish territory. Its population density is 24 residents per km² (63 per sq. mile). The only urban area in Cerdanya is the cross-border urban area of Puigcerdà -Bourg-Madame, which contained 10,900 inhabitants in 2001. The area enjoys a high annual amount of sunshine – around 3,000 hours per year. For this reason, pioneering large-scale solar power projects have been built in several locations in French Cerdagne, including Font-Romeu-Odeillo-Via, the Themis (solar power plant), Themis plant near Targassonne, and Mont-Louis Solar Furnace in Mont-Louis. History Antiquity The first inh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerdanya (comarca)
Cerdanya (; , ; , ) is a ''comarca'' in northern Catalonia, in the Pyrenees, on the border of Catalonia with France and Andorra. Within Catalonia, Cerdanya is divided between Catalan provinces of Girona and Lleida. Cerdanya's neighbouring comarques are Alt Urgell, Berguedà , and Ripollès. Cerdanya is in the "vegueria" of Alt Pirineu, according to "Vegueries of Catalonia law". The area is sometimes called Baixa Cerdanya (; literally "Lower Cerdanya") to distinguish it from '' Alta Cerdanya'' ("Upper Cerdanya") which was ceded to France by the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, dividing the wider Cerdanya. "Subcomarques" include la Batllia or petita Cerdanya, and el Baridà . LlÃvia is a Catalan exclave An enclave is a territory that is entirely surrounded by the territory of only one other state or entity. An enclave can be an independent territory or part of a larger one. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. ''Enclave'' is s ... in Cerdanya, completel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bourg-Madame
Bourg-Madame (; ; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. Geography Localisation Bourg-Madame is located in the canton of Les Pyrénées catalanes and in the arrondissement of Prades. It lies right on the border with Spain. It abuts directly onto the Spanish town of Puigcerdà , and is near the Spanish exclave of LlÃvia. Toponymy The town used to be known in French as ''Les Guinguettes'', until 1815 when it was renamed Bourg-Madame in honour of the wife of the Duke of Angoulême. The Catalan name for the town is still the traditional one. History In the 20th century, Bourg-Madame was the site of a camp housing Republican escapees from Spain at the end of the Spanish Civil War. Government and politics Mayors Transport Roads The following major roads lead to Bourg-Madame: * N-20 from Ur to the north; * N-154 and D-68 from the Spanish enclave LlÃvia to the northeast; * N-116 from Saillagouse to the east; * D-30 and D-70 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolquère
Bolquère (; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. Geography Localization Bolquère is located in the canton of Les Pyrénées catalanes and in the arrondissement of Prades. Transportation Bolquère-Eyne station is the highest railway station on the SNCF network at an elevation of 1593m he highest SNCF station is the Gare du Lac at 1914m on the stand-alone Train de L' Artouste line It serves the Yellow Train exclusively. Government and politics ;Mayors Population See also *Communes of the Pyrénées-Orientales department The Pyrénées-Orientales departments of France, department is composed of 226 communes of France, communes. Most of the territory (except for the district of Fenolheda) formed a part of the Principality of Catalonia until 1659, and Catalan lan ... References External links *City council website Communes of Pyrénées-Orientales {{PyrénéesOrientales-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes
Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes (; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. Geography Localisation Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes is located in the canton of Les Pyrénées catalanes and in the arrondissement of Prades. Government and politics Mayors Population Sites of interest * Saint-André d'Angoustrine church, romanesque (12th c.). * Saint-Martin d'Envalls chapel, romanesque. * Saint-Assiscle et Sainte-Victoire de Villeneuve-des-Escaldes church, romanesque. * The new Saint-André d'Angoustrine church, built in the 19th century. See also *Communes of the Pyrénées-Orientales department The Pyrénées-Orientales departments of France, department is composed of 226 communes of France, communes. Most of the territory (except for the district of Fenolheda) formed a part of the Principality of Catalonia until 1659, and Catalan lan ... References Communes of Pyrénées-Orientales {{PyrénéesOriental ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphabetical Order
Alphabetical order is a system whereby character strings are placed in order based on the position of the characters in the conventional ordering of an alphabet. It is one of the methods of collation. In mathematics, a lexicographical order is the generalization of the alphabetical order to other data types, such as sequence (mathematics), sequences of numbers or other ordered mathematical objects. When applied to strings or sequence (mathematics), sequences that may contain digits, numbers or more elaborate types of elements, in addition to alphabetical characters, the alphabetical order is generally called a lexicographical order. To determine which of two strings of characters comes first when arranging in alphabetical order, their first letter (alphabet), letters are compared. If they differ, then the string whose first letter comes earlier in the alphabet comes before the other string. If the first letters are the same, then the second letters are compared, and so on. If a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arrondissement Of Prades
The arrondissement of Prades is an arrondissement of France in the Pyrénées-Orientales department (Northern Catalonia) in the Occitanie region. It has 123 communes. Its population is 60,536 (2021), and its area is . Composition The communes of the arrondissement of Prades, and their INSEE codes, are: # Les Angles (66004) # Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes (66005) # Ansignan (66006) # Arboussols (66007) # Ayguatébia-Talau (66010) # Baillestavy (66013) # Bélesta (66019) # Bolquère (66020) # Boule-d'Amont (66022) # Bouleternère (66023) # Bourg-Madame (66025) # La Cabanasse (66027) # Campôme (66034) # Campoussy (66035) # Canaveilles (66036) # Caramany (66039) # Casefabre (66040) # Casteil (66043) # Catllar (66045) # Caudiès-de-Conflent (66047) # Caudiès-de-Fenouillèdes (66046) # Clara-Villerach (66051) # Codalet (66052) # Conat (66054) # Corbère (66055) # Corbère-les-Cabanes (66056) # Corneilla-de-Conflent (66057) # Corneilla-la-Rivière (6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canton Of Les Pyrénées Catalanes
The canton of Les Pyrénées catalanes is an administrative division of the Pyrénées-Orientales department, in Southern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Prades. List of communes It consists of the following 62 communes: # Les Angles # Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes # Ayguatébia-Talau # Bolquère # Bourg-Madame #La Cabanasse # Campôme # Canaveilles # Catllar # Caudiès-de-Conflent # Clara-Villerach # Codalet # Conat #Dorres # Égat # Enveitg # Err # Escaro # Estavar # Eus # Eyne # Font-Romeu-Odeillo-Via # Fontpédrouse # Fontrabiouse # Formiguères # Jujols # Latour-de-Carol # La Llagonne # Llo # Los Masos # Matemale # Molitg-les-Bains # Mont-Louis # Mosset # Nahuja # Nohèdes # Nyer # Olette # Oreilla # Osséja # Palau-de-Cerdagne #Planès Planès () is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. Geography Planès is located in the canton of Les Py ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communes Of France
A () is a level of administrative divisions of France, administrative division in the France, French Republic. French are analogous to civil townships and incorporated municipality, municipalities in Canada and the United States; ' in Germany; ' in Italy; ' in Spain; or civil parishes in the United Kingdom. are based on historical geographic communities or villages and are vested with significant powers to manage the populations and land of the geographic area covered. The are the fourth-level administrative divisions of France. vary widely in size and area, from large sprawling cities with millions of inhabitants like Paris, to small hamlet (place), hamlets with only a handful of inhabitants. typically are based on pre-existing villages and facilitate local governance. All have names, but not all named geographic areas or groups of people residing together are ( or ), the difference residing in the lack of administrative powers. Except for the Municipal arrondissem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gamma Ray
A gamma ray, also known as gamma radiation (symbol ), is a penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation arising from high energy interactions like the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei or astronomical events like solar flares. It consists of the shortest wavelength electromagnetic waves, typically shorter than those of X-rays. With frequencies above 30 exahertz () and wavelengths less than 10 picometers (), gamma ray photons have the highest photon energy of any form of electromagnetic radiation. Paul Villard, a French chemist and physicist, discovered gamma radiation in 1900 while studying radiation emitted by radium. In 1903, Ernest Rutherford named this radiation ''gamma rays'' based on their relatively strong penetration of matter; in 1900, he had already named two less penetrating types of decay radiation (discovered by Henri Becquerel) alpha rays and beta rays in ascending order of penetrating power. Gamma rays from radioactive decay are in the energy range ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IACT
IACT (imaging atmospheric r airCherenkov telescope r technique is a device or method to detect very-high-energy gamma ray photons in the photon energy range of 50 GeV to 50 TeV. As of 2017, there are four operating IACT systems: High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes (MAGIC), First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope (FACT), and Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS). The Major Atmospheric Cerenkov Experiment Telescope (MACE) is under construction in Hanle, Ladakh, India and is set to be the highest and second-largest IACT. The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a multinational project to build next-generation IACTs and is scheduled to begin data collection in 2022. Background Due to the rapidly falling flux of gamma-ray photons from cosmic sources in this energy regime, space-based detectors become ineffective due to their small collection areas which are often limited to some tens o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Électricité De France
Électricité de France SA (; ), commonly known as EDF, is a French multinational corporation, multinational electric utility company owned by the government of France. Headquartered in Paris, with €139.7 billion in sales in 2023, EDF operates a diverse portfolio of at least 120 gigawatts of generation capacity in Europe, South America, North America, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. In 2009, EDF was the world's largest producer of electricity. Its 56 active nuclear reactors in France are spread out over 18 sites (18 nuclear power plants). They comprise 32 reactors of 900 MWe, MWe, 20 reactors of 1,300 MWe, MWe, and 4 reactors of 1,450 MWe, all Pressurized water reactor, PWRs. EDF was created on 8 April 1946 by the 1945 parliament, from the merging of various divided actors. EDF led France's post-war energy growth, with a unique focus on civil nuclear energy, through reconstruction and further industrialization within the ''Trente Glorieuses'', being a flagship of France ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
