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Upper-limb Surgery In Tetraplegia
Upper-limb surgery in tetraplegia includes a number of surgical interventions that can help improve the quality of life of a patient with tetraplegia. Loss of upper-limb function in patients with following a spinal cord injury A spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that causes temporary or permanent changes in its function. Symptoms may include loss of muscle function, sensation, or autonomic function in the parts of the body served by the spinal co ... is a major barrier to regain autonomy. The functional abilities of a tetraplegic patient increase substantially for instance if the patient can extend the elbow. This can increase the workspace and give a better use of a manual wheelchair. To be able to hold objects a patient needs to have a functional pinch grip, this can be useful for performing daily living activities.Pinch and elbow extension restoration in people with tetraplegia: a systematic review of the literature; Cynthia Hamou, et al., JHS vol 34A A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetraplegia
Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is defined as the dysfunction or loss of motor and/or sensory function in the cervical area of the spinal cord. A loss of motor function can present as either weakness or paralysis leading to partial or total loss of function in the arms, legs, trunk, and pelvis; paraplegia is similar but affects the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral segments of the spinal cord and arm function is spared. The paralysis may be flaccid or spastic. A loss of sensory function can present as an impairment or complete inability to sense light touch, pressure, heat, pinprick/pain, and proprioception. In these types of spinal cord injury, it is common to have a loss of both sensation and motor control. Signs and symptoms Although the most obvious symptom is impairment of the limbs, functioning is also impaired in the trunk and pelvic organs. This can lead to loss or impairment of controlling bowel and bladder, sexual function, digestion, breathing and other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spinal Cord Injury
A spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that causes temporary or permanent changes in its function. Symptoms may include loss of muscle function, sensation, or autonomic function in the parts of the body served by the spinal cord below the level of the injury. Injury can occur at any level of the spinal cord and can be ''complete'', with a total loss of sensation and muscle function at lower sacral segments, or ''incomplete'', meaning some nervous signals are able to travel past the injured area of the cord up to the Sacral S4-5 spinal cord segments. Depending on the location and severity of damage, the symptoms vary, from numbness to paralysis, including bowel or bladder incontinence. Long term outcomes also range widely, from full recovery to permanent tetraplegia (also called quadriplegia) or paraplegia. Complications can include muscle atrophy, loss of voluntary motor control, spasticity, pressure sores, infections, and breathing problems. In the majori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenodesis Grasp
Tenodesis grasp and release is an orthopedic observation of a passive hand grasp and release mechanism, affected by wrist extension or flexion, respectively. It is caused by the manner of attachment of the finger tendons to the bones and the passive tension created by two-joint muscles used to produce a functional movement or task (tenodesis). Moving the wrist in extension or flexion will cause the fingers to curl or grip when the wrist is extended, and to straighten or release when the wrist is flexed. File: Wrist related tenodesis effect, second step.JPG, Wrist extension tenodesis effect File: Tenodese_hand.JPG , Wrist flexion tenodesis effect The tenodesis grip and release mechanism is used in occupational therapy, physical therapy and rehabilitation of fine motor impairment, typically various levels of spinal paralysis, and in kinesiology and sports mechanics that are concerned with efficient grasp and release mechanics. Wrist extension is noted for bat grip in baseball. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lloyd Mayer
Lloyd Mayer (June 21, 1952 – September 5, 2013) was an American gastroenterologist and immunologist. He was Professor and Co-Director of the Immunology institute at the Mount Sinai Medical Center, now known as the Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute. Mayer's research on inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis was among the first to demonstrate the role played by T-regulatory cells in setting the stage for chronic mucosal inflammation (IBD). He was the first to describe the role of T cells in immunoglobulin class switching and to identify a novel T-cell-derived cytokine (446-BCDF) that stimulates antibody secretion by human B cells. Mayer was Professor and Co-Director of the Immunology institute at the Mount Sinai Medical Center and the Dorothy and David Merksamer Professor of Medicine, as well as Professor of Microbiology at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Mayer was the author of multiple book chapters and close to 200 peer-reviewed papers. He h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palmar Grip
Palmar may refer to: Anatomy, relating to the palm of the hand * Palmar aponeurosis, deep fascia connecting and within the muscles of the palm * Palmar arches (other), various combinations of arteries in the hand and arm * Palmar arteries (other), several sets of arteries in the hand * Palmar branch of the median nerve, a branch of the median nerve that arises at the lower part of the forearm. * Palmar branch of ulnar nerve, continuation of one branch of the ulnar nerve into the hand * Palmar carpal branch: ** Palmar carpal branch of radial artery, a small blood vessel that crosses the wrist bones to join with the palmar branch of the ulnar artery ** Palmar carpal branch of ulnar artery, a small blood vessel that crosses the wrist bones to join with the palmar branch of the radial artery * Palmar carpal ligament, the thickened portion of the deep forearm fascia on the front of the wrist * Palmar crease, a crease in the surface of the palm * Palmar digital ner ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetraplegia
Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is defined as the dysfunction or loss of motor and/or sensory function in the cervical area of the spinal cord. A loss of motor function can present as either weakness or paralysis leading to partial or total loss of function in the arms, legs, trunk, and pelvis; paraplegia is similar but affects the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral segments of the spinal cord and arm function is spared. The paralysis may be flaccid or spastic. A loss of sensory function can present as an impairment or complete inability to sense light touch, pressure, heat, pinprick/pain, and proprioception. In these types of spinal cord injury, it is common to have a loss of both sensation and motor control. Signs and symptoms Although the most obvious symptom is impairment of the limbs, functioning is also impaired in the trunk and pelvic organs. This can lead to loss or impairment of controlling bowel and bladder, sexual function, digestion, breathing and other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hand Strength
Hand strength measurements are of interest to study pathology of the hand that involves loss of muscle strength. Examples of these pathologies are carpal tunnel syndrome, nerve injury, tendon injuries of the hand, and neuromuscular disorders. Hand strength testing is frequently used for clinical decision-making and outcome evaluation in evidence-based medicine Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is "the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients". The aim of EBM is to integrate the experience of the clinician, the values of t .... It is used to diagnose diseases, to evaluate and compare treatments, to document progression of muscle strength, and to provide feedback during the rehabilitation process. In addition, strength testing is often used in areas such as sports medicine and ergonomics. In general, hand strength measurements can be divided into manual muscle testing and dynamometry. Manual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Two-point Discrimination
Two-point discrimination (2PD) is the ability to discern that two nearby objects touching the skin are truly two distinct points, not one. It is often tested with two sharp points during a neurological examination and is assumed to reflect how finely innervated an area of skin is. In clinical settings, two-point discrimination is a widely used technique for assessing tactile perception. It relies on the ability and/or willingness of the patient to subjectively report what they are feeling and should be completed with the patient’s eyes closed. The therapist may use calipers or simply a reshaped paperclip to do the testing. The therapist may alternate randomly between touching the patient with one point or with two points on the area being tested (e.g. finger, arm, leg, toe). The patient is asked to report whether one or two points was felt. The smallest distance between two points that still results in the perception of two distinct stimuli is recorded as the patient's two-po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canadian Model Of Occupational Performance And Engagement
The Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E) was developed by the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists in 1997, and describes transactions and mutual influences between the dimensions of occupational performance.Law M.L, Cooper BA, Strong S. Stewart D, Rigby P and Letts L (1997). Theoretical contexts for practice of occupational therapy in Christiansen CH and Baum CM (eds.)Occupational Therapy: Enabling function and well-being (2nd Ed) New Jersey, SLACK It is applied by the accompanying Occupational Performance Process Model, which describes the therapeutic process from a client’s perspective.Fearing VG, Law M and Clark J (1997). An occupational performance process model: Fostering client and therapist alliances. ''Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy'', 64(1), 7-15Stanton S, Thompson–Franson T and Kramer C. (2002). Linking concepts to a process for working with clients. In Townsend E, Stanton S, Law M, Polatajko M, Baptiste S, Thompson-Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Classification Of Functioning, Disability And Health
The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a classification of the health components of functioning and disability. The ICF received approval from all 191 World Health Organization (WHO) member states on May 22, 2001, during the 54th World Health Assembly. Its approval followed nine years of international revision efforts coordinated by WHO. WHO's initial classification for the effects of diseases, the ''International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps'' (ICIDH), was created in 1980. The ICF classification complements WHO's International Classification of Diseases-10th Revision (ICD), which contains information on diagnosis and health condition, but not on functional status. The ICD and ICF constitute the core classifications in the WHO Family of International Classifications (WHO-FIC). Overview The ICF is structured around the following broad components: * Body functions and structure * Activities (related to tasks an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Limb Surgery In Tetraplegia
Upper-limb surgery in tetraplegia includes a number of surgical interventions that can help improve the quality of life of a patient with tetraplegia. Loss of upper-limb function in patients with following a spinal cord injury is a major barrier to regain autonomy. The functional abilities of a tetraplegic patient increase substantially for instance if the patient can extend the elbow. This can increase the workspace and give a better use of a manual wheelchair. To be able to hold objects a patient needs to have a functional pinch grip, this can be useful for performing daily living activities.Pinch and elbow extension restoration in people with tetraplegia: a systematic review of the literature; Cynthia Hamou, et al., JHS vol 34A April 2009 A large survey in patients with tetraplegia demonstrated that these patients give preference to improving upper extremity function above other lost functions like being able to walk or sexual function. Surgical procedures do exist to improve t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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