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Union Of Revolutionary Communists Of Turkey
The Union of Revolutionary Communists of Turkey,"Final Declaration of the 4th Conference of the TİKB" TİKB, July 11, 2019. Union of Revolutionary Communists in Turkey,Brigit Davis "Violent Extremist Organizations: Past Trends and Short-Term Forecast" ''Journal of Strategic Security'' 12.3 (2019) 37–156, , via , p. 152. Turkish Revolutionary Communists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 85 million people; most are ethnic Turkish people, Turks, while ethnic Kurds in Turkey, Kurds are the Minorities in Turkey, largest ethnic minority. Officially Secularism in Turkey, a secular state, Turkey has Islam in Turkey, a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa, and Antalya. First inhabited by modern humans during the Late Paleolithic, present-day Turkey was home to List of ancient peoples of Anatolia, various ancient peoples. The Hattians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Exchange
The foreign exchange market (forex, FX, or currency market) is a global decentralized or over-the-counter (OTC) market for the trading of currencies. This market determines foreign exchange rates for every currency. By trading volume, it is by far the largest market in the world, followed by the credit market. The main participants are the larger international banks. Financial centres function as anchors of trading between a range of multiple types of buyers and sellers around the clock, with the exception of weekends. As currencies are always traded in pairs, the market does not set a currency's absolute value, but rather determines its relative value by setting the market price of one currency if paid for with another. Example: 1 USD is worth 1.1 Euros or 1.2 Swiss Francs etc. The market works through financial institutions and operates on several levels. Behind the scenes, banks turn to a smaller number of financial firms known as "dealers", who are involved in lar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
F-type Prison
F-Type-Prisons, officially called F-type High Security Closed Institutions for the Execution of Sentences (''F tipi cezaevi / F Tipi Yüksek Güvenlikli Kapalı Ceza İnfaz Kurumu''), are high-security closed prisons designated by Turkish Law 5275 on the Execution of Sentences. Those sentenced to F-type prisons include political prisoners, members of armed organizations, people convicted of drug offences or organized crimes, and those sentenced to aggravated life imprisonment. Aggravated life imprisonment (''ağırlaştırılmış müebbet hapis cezası'') replaced the death penalty when it was abolished in 2002 and according to Article 47 of the Turkish Penal Code (TPC) it is a life sentence. History Before F-type prisons were built, prisoners in Turkey were held in ''koğuş'' (dormitories) with 50 or more prisoners. In April 1991 the Turkish parliament enacted the Anti-Terror-Law (ATL), which required that: This law was revised in Article 1 of Law 4666 on 1 May 2001. On 29 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metris Prison
Metris Prison (), or officially Metris Closed Penitentiary () is a state correctional institution in the Esenler district of Istanbul Province in Turkey. The prison complex consists of two T-type buildings. The current prison director is Zeki Uzun. Location The Metris prison is situated in the Havaalanı neighborhood on the Eskiedirne Asfaltı (literally: Old Edirne Road). The complex is built on ground covering an area of . History The facility was established by the Ministry of National Defence and opened on April 17, 1981, for use as the Metris Military Prison during the martial law era following the 1980 coup d'état. It was transferred to the Ministry of Justice on August 1, 1988. Since then, it serves as the Metris Closed Penitentiary subordinated to the Bakırköy District Court. On March 18, 2007, the second T-type prison building entered service, and all detainees and convicts of the closed H-type prison were transferred to the new building. Another T-type prison buil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hunger Strike
A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance where participants fasting, fast as an act of political protest, usually with the objective of achieving a specific goal, such as a policy change. Hunger strikers that do not take fluids are named dry hunger strikers. In cases where an entity (usually the State (polity), state) has or is able to obtain custody of the hunger striker (such as a prisoner), the hunger strike is often terminated by the custodial entity through the use of force-feeding. Early history Fasting was used as a method of protesting injustice in pre-Christian Ireland, where it was known as ''Troscadh'' or ''Cealachan''. Detailed in the contemporary Civil code, civic codes, it had specific rules by which it could be used, and the fast was often carried out on the doorstep of the home of the offender. Scholars speculate that this was due to the high importance the culture placed on hospitality. Allowing a person to die at one's doorstep, for a wrong of whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Convention On Human Rights
The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR; formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is a Supranational law, supranational convention to protect human rights and political freedoms in Europe. Drafted in 1950 by the newly formed Council of Europe,The Council of Europe should not be confused with the Council of the European Union or the European Council. the convention entered into force on 3 September 1953. All Member states of the Council of Europe, Council of Europe member states are party to the convention and new members are expected to ratify the convention at the earliest opportunity. The convention established the European Court of Human Rights (generally referred to by the initials ECtHR). Any person who feels their rights have been violated under the convention by a state party can take a case to the court. Judgments finding violations are binding on the states concerned and they are obliged to execute them. The Committee o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Court Of Human Rights
The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), also known as the Strasbourg Court, is an international court of the Council of Europe which interprets the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The court hears applications alleging that a contracting state has breached one or more of the human rights enumerated in the convention or its optional protocols to which a member state is a party. The court is based in Strasbourg, France. The court was established in 1959 and decided its first case in 1960 in ''Lawless v. Ireland''. An application can be lodged by an individual, a group of individuals, or one or more of the other contracting states. Aside from judgments, the court can also issue advisory opinions. The convention was adopted within the context of the Council of Europe, and all of its member states of the Council of Europe, 46 member states are contracting parties to the convention. The court's primary means of judicial interpretation is the living instrument doctrine, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NTV (Turkish TV Channel)
NTV is a Turkish free-to-air nationwide television news channel owned by Doğuş Media Group. It was partnered with MSNBC between May 2000 and 2014. Besides domestic and international news, the channel's programming includes documentaries, as well as programs on finance, arts and culture, lifestyle, and sports. History NTV was founded in 1996 as a subsidiary of Cavit Çağlar's Nergis Group (hence the original full name of Nergis TV) and as the first news channel of Turkey. In January 1999, the channel became part of Doğuş Media Group. The success of NTV changed the Turkish media industry and started the era of thematic TV channels. In June 2013, NTV's lack of coverage on the Gezi Park protests saw protests in front of its head office in Istanbul, and the resignation of some NTV staff in protest. The CEO of Doğuş Group in Ferit Şahenk, conceded that the criticisms were "fair to a large extent", and that "our audience feels like they were betrayed". Shortly after his c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daily Sabah
The ''Daily Sabah'' () is a Turkish pro-government daily newspaper published in Turkey. Available in English and owned by Turkuvaz Media Group, ''Daily Sabah'' published its first issue on 24 February 2014. Since 2018, the editor-in-chief is İbrahim Altay. The newspaper has been frequently called a propaganda outlet for the Turkish government and the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP). It is owned by a friend of Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. History The ''Daily Sabah'' was established in 2014 when a highly-antagonistic political climate reigned in Turkish politics. After the conflict in December 2013 between the Gülen movement, a religious civil society organization with some political aspirations, and the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP), the Gülen movement's '' Today's Zaman'' turned into an ardent critic of the ruling AKP. To balance the critical discourse against the AKP by ''Today's Zaman'' and ''Hürriyet Daily News'', a secular critic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judicial System Of Turkey
The judicial system of Turkey is defined by Articles 138 to 160 of the Constitution of Turkey. With the founding of the Republic, Turkey adopted a Civil law (legal system), civil law legal system, replacing Ottoman law and the Sharia courts. The Turkish civil code (1926), Civil Code, adopted in 1926, was based on the Swiss Civil Code of 1907 and the Swiss Code of Obligations of 1911. Although it underwent a number of changes in 2002, it retains much of the basis of the original Code. The Criminal Code, originally based on the Italian Criminal Code, was replaced in 2005 by a Code with principles similar to the German Penal Code and German law generally. Administrative law is based on the French equivalent and procedural law generally shows the influence of the Swiss, German and French legal systems. The system can be very slow - as of 2024 one land dispute has been ongoing for 53 years. The legal profession The general term for members of the legal profession in Turkey is '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alternative Türkeihilfe
Alternative or alternate may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Alternative (''Kamen Rider''), a character in the Japanese TV series ''Kamen Rider Ryuki'' * Alternative comics, or independent comics are an alternative to mainstream superhero comics * Alternative fashion, fashion that stands apart from mainstream, commercial fashion. * Alternative manga, manga published outside the more commercial market, or which have different art styles, themes, and narratives to those found in the more popular manga magazines. * ''AlterNative'', academic journal * ''The Alternative'' (film), a 1978 Australian television film * ''The Alternative'', a radio show hosted by Tony Evans * ''120 Minutes'' (2004 TV program), an alternative rock music video program formerly known as ''The Alternative'' *''The American Spectator'', an American magazine formerly known as ''The Alternative: An American Spectator'' Music * Alternative dance, a musical genre that mixes alternative rock with electr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capital Punishment In Turkey
Capital punishment was abolished in Turkey in 2004, and no prisoners have been executed since October 1984. Before that, over 500 convicts sentenced to death were executed. The method of execution was hanging. History According to Hanz Chiappetta, since the foundation of Turkey in 1923, capital punishment has been carried out 588 times. Turkey's last public execution took place in 1960 in Istanbul. Prior to 1984, executions would usually occur after military interventions. Adnan Menderes, who served as Prime Minister, was hanged on 17 September 1961 following the 1960 coup d'état, along with two other cabinet members, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan. Student leaders Deniz Gezmiş, Hüseyin İnan, and Yusuf Aslan were hanged on 6 May 1972 after the 1971 military memorandum. Between 1972 and 1980, Turkey experienced an eight-year gap wherein no executions were carried out, but this hiatus ended with the hangings of two men, 24-year-old Necdet Adali and 22-year-old ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
