Unary (other)
Unary may refer to: * Unary numeral system, the simplest numeral system to represent natural numbers * Unary function, a function that takes one argument; in computer science, a unary operator is a subset of unary function * Unary operation, a kind of mathematical operator that has only one operand * Unary relation, a mathematical relation that has one argument * Unary coding, an entropy encoding that represents a number ''n'' with n − 1 ones followed by a zero See also * Primary (other) * Binary (other) Binary may refer to: Science and technology Mathematics * Binary number, a representation of numbers using only two values (0 and 1) for each digit * Binary function, a function that takes two arguments * Binary operation, a mathematical o ...

Unary Numeral System
The unary numeral system is the simplest numeral system to represent natural numbers: to represent a number ''N'', a symbol representing 1 is repeated ''N'' times. In the unary system, the number 0 (zero) is represented by the empty string, that is, the absence of a symbol. Numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ... are represented in unary as 1, 11, 111, 1111, 11111, 111111, ... Unary is a bijective numeral system. However, although it has sometimes been described as "base 1", it differs in some important ways from positional notations, in which the value of a digit depends on its position within a number. For instance, the unary form of a number can be exponentially longer than its representation in other bases. The use of tally marks in counting is an application of the unary numeral system. For example, using the tally mark (𝍷), the number 3 is represented as . In East Asian cultures, the number 3 is represented as 三, a character drawn with three strokes. (One and two are repres ...
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Unary Function
In mathematics, a unary function is a function that takes one argument. A unary operator belongs to a subset of unary functions, in that its codomain coincides with its domain. In contrast, a unary function's domain need not coincide with its range. Examples The successor function, denoted \operatorname, is a unary operator. Its domain and codomain are the natural numbers; its definition is as follows: : \begin \operatorname : \quad & \mathbb \rightarrow \mathbb \\ & n \mapsto (n + 1) \end In some programming languages such as C, executing this operation is denoted by postfixing to the operand, i.e. the use of is equivalent to executing the assignment n:= \operatorname(n). Many of the elementary functions are unary functions, including the trigonometric functions, logarithm with a specified base, exponentiation to a particular power or base, and hyperbolic functions. See also * Arity * Binary function * Binary operation * Iterated binary operation * Ternar ...
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Unary Operation
In mathematics, a unary operation is an operation with only one operand, i.e. a single input. This is in contrast to ''binary operations'', which use two operands. An example is any function , where is a set; the function is a unary operation on . Common notations are prefix notation (e.g. ¬, −), postfix notation (e.g. factorial ), functional notation (e.g. or ), and superscripts (e.g. transpose ). Other notations exist as well, for example, in the case of the square root, a horizontal bar extending the square root sign over the argument can indicate the extent of the argument. Examples Absolute value Obtaining the absolute value of a number is a unary operation. This function is defined as , n, = \begin n, & \mbox n\geq0 \\ -n, & \mbox n<0 \end where $,\; n,$ is the absolute value of $n$.

Negation

Unary Relation
In mathematics, a finitary relation over a sequence of sets is a subset of the Cartesian product ; that is, it is a set of ''n''-tuples , each being a sequence of elements ''x''''i'' in the corresponding ''X''''i''. Typically, the relation describes a possible connection between the elements of an ''n''-tuple. For example, the relation "''x'' is divisible by ''y'' and ''z''" consists of the set of 3-tuples such that when substituted to ''x'', ''y'' and ''z'', respectively, make the sentence true. The non-negative integer ''n'' that gives the number of "places" in the relation is called the ''arity'', ''adicity'' or ''degree'' of the relation. A relation with ''n'' "places" is variously called an ''n''-ary relation, an ''n''-adic relation or a relation of degree ''n''. Relations with a finite number of places are called ''finitary relations'' (or simply ''relations'' if the context is clear). It is also possible to generalize the concept to ''infinitary relations'' with infinite s ...
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Unary Coding
Unary coding, or the unary numeral system, is an entropy encoding that represents a natural number, ''n'', with ''n'' ones followed by a zero (if the term ''natural number'' is understood as ''non-negative integer'') or with ''n'' − 1 ones followed by a zero (if the term ''natural number'' is understood as ''strictly positive integer''). A unary number's code length would thus be ''n'' + 1 with that first definition, or ''n'' with that second definition. Unary code when vertical behaves like mercury in a thermometer that gets taller or shorter as ''n'' gets bigger or smaller, and so is sometimes called thermometer code. An alternative representation uses ''n'' or ''n'' − 1 zeros followed by a one, effectively swapping the ones and zeros, without loss of generality. For example, the first ten unary codes are: Unary coding is an ''optimally efficient'' encoding for the following discrete probability distribution :\operatorname(n) = 2^\, fo ...
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Primary (other)
Primary or primaries may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Music Groups and labels * Primary (band), from Australia * Primary (musician), hip hop musician and record producer from South Korea * Primary Music, Israeli record label Works * ''Primary'' (album) by Rubicon (2002) * "Primary" (song) by The Cure * "Primary", song by Spoon from the album '' Telephono'' Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media * Primaries or primary beams, in E. E. Smith's science-fiction series '' Lensman'' * ''Primary'' (film), American political documentary (1960) Computing * PRIMARY, an X Window selection * Primary data storage, computer technology used to retain digital data * Primary server, main server on the server farm Education * Primary education, the first stage of compulsory education * Primary FRCA, academic examination for anaesthetists in the U.K. * Primary school, school providing primary education Mathematics * ''p''-group of prime power order * Primary decomp ...
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