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Umar Al-Aqta
ʿUmar ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn Marwān. or ʿAmr ibn ʿUbaydallāh ibn Marwān, surnamed al-Aqtaʾ (; , , in Greek), and found as Amer or Ambros () in Byzantine sources, was the semi-independent Arab emir of Malatya (Melitene) from the 830s until his death in the Battle of Lalakaon on 3 September 863. During this time, he was one of the greatest threats to the Byzantine Empire on its eastern frontier,. and became a prominent figure in later Arabic and Turkish epic literature. Biography ʿUmar belonged to the Banu Sulaym tribe, which was established in the western Jazira at the time of the Muslim conquests and played an important role in the affairs of Malatya and the Jaziran frontier zone ('' thughur'') with the Byzantine Empire as well as the Caucasian frontier with the Khazars. His father, ʿAbdallah or ʿUbaydallah, is little known, except that he was also emir of Malatya, and that ca. 810 he surrendered to the Byzantines the fortress of Kamacha to obtain the release of his so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emir
Emir (; ' (), also Romanization of Arabic, transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic language, Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocratic, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a history of use in West Asia, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and South Asia. In the modern era, when used as a formal monarchical title, it is roughly synonymous with "prince", applicable both to a son of a hereditary monarch, and to a reigning monarch of a sovereign principality, namely an emirate. The female, feminine form is emira ( '), with the same meaning as "princess". Prior to its use as a monarchical title, the term "emir" was historically used to denote a "commander", "general", or "leader" (for example, Amir al-Mu'min). In contemporary usage, "emir" is also sometimes used as either an honorary or formal title for the head of an Islamic, or Arab (regardless of relig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sack Of Amorium
The siege of Amorium by the Abbasid Caliphate in mid-August 838 was one of the major events in the long history of the Arab–Byzantine Wars. The Abbasid campaign was led personally by the Caliph al-Mu'tasim (), in retaliation to a virtually unopposed expedition launched by the Byzantine emperor Theophilos (r. 829–842) into the Caliphate's borderlands the previous year. Mu'tasim targeted Amorium, an Eastern Roman city in western Asia Minor, because it was the birthplace of the ruling Byzantine dynasty and, at the time, one of Byzantium's largest and most important cities. The caliph gathered an exceptionally large army, which he divided in two parts, which invaded from the northeast and the south. The northeastern army defeated the Byzantine forces under Theophilos at Anzen, allowing the Abbasids to penetrate deep into Byzantine Asia Minor and converge upon Ancyra, which they found abandoned. After sacking the city, they turned south to Amorium, where they arrived on 1 Augu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenians
Armenians (, ) are an ethnic group indigenous to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.Robert Hewsen, Hewsen, Robert H. "The Geography of Armenia" in ''The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century''. Richard G. Hovannisian (ed.) New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997, pp. 1–17 Armenians constitute the main demographic group in Armenia and constituted the main population of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh until their Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians, subsequent flight due to the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh, 2023 Azerbaijani offensive. There is a large Armenian diaspora, diaspora of around five million people of Armenian ancestry living outside the Republic of Armenia. The largest Armenian populations exist in Armenians in Russia, Russia, the Armenian Americans, United States, Armenians in France, France, Armenians in Georgia, Georgia, Iranian Armenians, Iran, Armenians in Germany, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Mauropotamos
The Battle of Mauropotamos () was fought in 844, between the armies of the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate, at Mauropotamos (either in northern Bithynia or in Cappadocia). After a failed Byzantine attempt to recover the Emirate of Crete in the previous year, the Abbasids launched a raid into Asia Minor. The Byzantine regent, Theoktistos, headed the army that went to meet the invasion but was heavily defeated, and many of his officers defected to the Arabs. Internal unrest prevented the Abbasids from exploiting their victory, however. A truce and a prisoner exchange were consequently agreed in 845, followed by a six-year cessation of hostilities, as both powers focused their attention elsewhere. Background Following the restoration of the veneration of icons in March 843, the Byzantine Empire's government, headed by the Empress-regent Theodora and the ''logothetes'' Theoktistos, embarked on a sustained assault on the Byzantines' main political and ideological foe, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theoktistos
Theoktistos or Theoctistus (; died 20 November 855) was a leading Byzantine official during the second quarter of the 9th century and the ''de facto'' head of the regency for the underage emperor Michael III from 842 until his dismissal and murder in 855. A eunuch courtier, he assisted in the ascent of Michael II to the throne in 820, and was rewarded with the titles of ''patrikios'' and later '' magistros''. He held the high posts of ''chartoularios tou kanikleiou'' and '' logothetēs tou dromou'' under Michael and his son Theophilos. After Theophilos' death in 842, Theoktistos became a member of the regency council, but soon managed to sideline the other members and establish himself as the virtual ruler of the Empire. Noted for his administrative and political competence, Theoktistos played a major role in ending the Byzantine Iconoclasm, and fostered the ongoing renaissance in education within the Empire. He also continued the persecution of the Paulician sect, but had m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paulician Principality Of Tephrike
The Principality of Tephrike was a medieval Paulician principality on the territory of historical Tephrike (present-day Divriği, Turkey). History In 843, the Byzantine Empress Theodora instituted a major persecution against a heretical medieval Christian sect which originated in Armenia in the 7th century, the Paulicians, throughout Asia Minor. In response, under their then leader Karbeas, the Paulicians fled across the border to the areas of Armenia under Arab control. Under the protection of Umar al-Aqta, the Emir of Melitene, the sect was permitted by the Arabs to establish an independent Paulician state centred on Tephrike on the Upper Euphrates, which also included the newly founded cities of Amara (present-day Ömerli, Turkey) and Argaoun (present-day Arguvan, Turkey). From there, he participated regularly in the raids by the Arab border emirates into Byzantine Asia Minor. Karbeas died in 863 during Michael III's campaign against the Arabs and was possibly with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karbeas
Karbeas (), also Karbaias (),. was a Paulician leader, who, following the anti-Paulician pogroms in 843, abandoned his service in the Byzantine army and went over to the Arabs. With the aid of the emir of Melitene, Umar al-Aqta, he founded the Paulician principality of Tephrike, which he ruled until his death in 863. During this period he participated alongside Umar in several raids against the Byzantine Empire. Life Karbeas belonged to a Paulician family, and entered into the Byzantine army, rising to the post of '' protomandator'' (senior staff officer) under Theodotos Melissenos, the ''strategos'' (military governor) of the Anatolic Theme. During the first decades of the 9th century, the Paulicians were well established as a numerous and warlike community across Asia Minor, but were seen as heretics by the Byzantine state and consequently suffered on-and-off persecution. Under the leadership of their spiritual and military head, Sergius-Tychicus, they staged a number of rev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arguvan
Arguvan () is a municipality and district of Malatya Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,096 km2, and its population is 6,869 (2022). The mayor is Ersoy Eren ( CHP). Composition There are 49 neighbourhoods in Arguvan District: * Akören * Alhasuşağı * Armutlu * Aşağısülmenli * Asar * Asmaca * Bahçeli * Bahçelievler * Bozan * Çakmak * Çavuş * Çayırlı * Çevreli * Çiftlik * Dolaylı * Doydum * Ermişli * Eymir * Göçeruşağı * Gökağaç * Gümüşlü * Güngören * Gürge * Güveçli * Hakverdi * İçmece * İsaköy * Karababa * Karahüyük * Kızık * Kızıluşağı * Koçak * Kömürlük * Konakbaşı * Kuruttaş * Kuyudere * Morhamam * Narmikan * Parçikan * Şotik * Tarlacık * Tatkınık * Tepebağ * Yamaç * Yeni * Yeniköy * Yoncalı * Yukarısülmenli * Yürektaşı Demographics The majority of the district is Alevi from both Kurdish Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish language ** Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) **Central Kurdish (S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paulicians
Paulicianism (Classical Armenian: Պաւղիկեաններ, ; , "The followers of Paul"; Arab sources: ''Baylakānī'', ''al Bayāliqa'' )Nersessian, Vrej (1998). The Tondrakian Movement: Religious Movements in the Armenian Church from the 4th to the 10th Centuries. London: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 13. . was a heretical medieval Christian sect which originated in Armenia in the 7th century. Followers of the sect were called Paulicians and referred to themselves as Good Christians. Little is known about the Paulician faith and various influences have been suggested, including Gnosticism, Marcionism, Manichaeism and Adoptionism, with other scholars arguing that doctrinally the Paulicians were a largely conventional Christian reform movement unrelated to any of these currents. The founder of the Paulicians is traditionally held to have been an Armenian by the name of Constantine, who hailed from a Syrian community near Samosata in modern-day Turkey. The sect flourished between 650 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Dazimon
The Battle of Anzen or Dazimon was fought on 22 July 838 at Anzen or Turhal, Dazimon (now Dazmana (Akçatarla), Turkey) between the Byzantine Empire and the forces of the Abbasid Caliphate. The Abbasids had launched a massive expedition with two separate armies in retaliation for the Byzantine emperor Theophilos (emperor), Theophilos's successes the previous year, and aimed to sack Amorion, one of Byzantium's largest cities. Theophilos with his army confronted the smaller Muslim army, under the Iranian vassal prince Khaydhar ibn Kawus al-Afshin, Afshin, at Dazimon. The numerically superior Byzantine army was initially successful, but when Theophilos resolved to lead an attack in person, his absence from his usual post caused panic among the Byzantine troops, who feared that he had been killed. Coupled with a counterattack by Afshin's Turkish horse-archers, the Byzantine army broke and fled. Theophilos and his guard were surrounded on a hill, but managed to escape. The defeat ope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
