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Ultra-large-scale Docking
Ultra-large-scale docking, sometimes abbreviated as Ultra-LSD, is an ultra-large-scale approach to protein–ligand docking and virtual screening. It employs molecular docking campaigns against libraries of millions or billions of chemical compounds to discover new drugs. The virtual screening phase identifies potential high-affinity ligands and then selected promising compounds are synthesized and further evaluated in the laboratory, including in terms of properties like functional activity and selectivity. The purpose of Ultra-LSD is to discover novel chemical scaffolds for ligands of molecular targets. Ultra-LSD was developed by Brian Shoichet and John Irwin at the University of California, San Francisco, Bryan L. Roth at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and other colleagues, and was first described in 2019. The researchers have conducted Ultra-LSD campaigns against a variety of targets, including the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, the melatonin receptors, the dopami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Docking
In the field of molecular modeling, docking is a method which predicts the preferred orientation of one molecule to a second when a ligand and a target are bound to each other to form a stable complex. Knowledge of the preferred orientation in turn may be used to predict the strength of association or binding affinity between two molecules using, for example, scoring functions. The associations between biologically relevant molecules such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids play a central role in signal transduction. Furthermore, the relative orientation of the two interacting partners may affect the type of signal produced (e.g., agonism vs antagonism). Therefore, docking is useful for predicting both the strength and type of signal produced. Molecular docking is one of the most frequently used methods in structure-based drug design, due to its ability to predict the binding-conformation of small molecule ligands to the appropriate target bindin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dopamine
Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells. It is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families. It is an amine synthesized by removing a carboxyl group from a molecule of its precursor chemical, L-DOPA, which is synthesized in the brain and kidneys. Dopamine is also synthesized in plants and most animals. In the brain, dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter—a chemical released by neurons (nerve cells) to send signals to other nerve cells. The brain includes several distinct dopamine pathways, one of which plays a major role in the motivational component of reward-motivated behavior. The anticipation of most types of rewards increases the level of dopamine in the brain, and many addictive drugs increase dopamine release or block its reuptake into neurons following release. Other brain dopamine pathways are involved in motor control and in controllin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gq Alpha Subunit
Gq protein alpha subunit is a family of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits. This family is also commonly called the Gq/11 (Gq/G11) family or Gq/11/14/15 family to include closely related family members. G alpha subunits may be referred to as Gq alpha, Gαq, or Gqα. Gq proteins couple to G protein-coupled receptors to activate beta-type phospholipase C (PLC-β) enzymes. PLC-β in turn hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to diacyl glycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3). IP3 acts as a second messenger to release stored calcium into the cytoplasm, while DAG acts as a second messenger that activates protein kinase C (PKC). Family members In humans, there are four distinct proteins in the Gq alpha subunit family: * Gαq is encoded by the gene GNAQ. * Gα11 is encoded by the gene GNA11. * Gα14 is encoded by the gene GNA14. * Gα15 is encoded by the gene GNA15. Function The general function of Gq is to activate intracellular signalin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viceland
Viceland (stylized in all caps; also known as Vice TV in the United States) is a brand used for television channels owned and programmed by Vice Media. The brand launched on February 29, 2016, with two cable channels in North America. The Vice (TV channel), American version (rebranded from H2 (U.S. TV channel), H2) is a joint venture majority-owned by A&E Networks (who owns a stake in Vice Media, alongside a separate ownership stake by A&E's co-owner, The Walt Disney Company). A Viceland (Canada), Canadian version (rebranded from a domestic version of former A&E sibling, FYI (American TV channel), Bio) operated as a Category A service, Category A-licensed specialty channel majority-owned by Rogers Media; it was discontinued on March 31, 2018. Operating under the creative direction of film director Spike Jonze, Viceland was a lifestyle-oriented channel that primarily aired documentary and reality series aimed towards millennials, with new original series, along with adaptations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vice Media
Vice Media Group LLC is a Canadian-American digital media and broadcasting company. Vice Media encompasses four main business areas: Vice Studios Group (film and TV production); Vice TV (a joint venture with A&E Networks, also known as Viceland); Virtue (an agency offering creative services); and Vice (magazine)#Website, Vice Digital (digital content). It was cited as the largest independent youth media company in the world, with 35 offices. The original ''Vice (magazine), Vice'' magazine was founded and based in Montreal and co-founded by Suroosh Alvi, Shane Smith (journalist), Shane Smith, and Gavin McInnes. Developed from the magazine, Vice Media expanded primarily into youth and young adult-focused digital media. This included online content Vertical marketing, verticals and related web series, a news division, a film production studio, and a record label, among other properties. Vice re-located to New York City in 2001. Vice News was known for broadcasting news programs o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamilton's Pharmacopeia
''Hamilton's Pharmacopeia'' is an American docuseries, which premiered on Viceland on October 26, 2016. The show follows Hamilton Morris as he explores the history, chemistry and social impact of psychoactive substances. It chronicles Morris' travels and first-hand experiences, as well as interviews with scientists, shamans and fringe culture figures. Background ''Hamilton's Pharmacopeia'' is a documentary series created, written, and directed by Hamilton Morris. It has been produced in various forms since 2009. ''Hamilton's Pharmacopeia'' began as a monthly column about psychoactive drugs written by Morris for ''Vice'' magazine. When given the opportunity to film short documentaries to accompany his written pieces, Morris began to produce ''Hamilton's Pharmacopeia'' as an online documentary series starting with the release of ''The Sapo Diaries'' that same year. Initially the series was only available on VBS.TV, but after its release on YouTube the series began to gain a wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamilton Morris
Hamilton Morris (born April 14, 1987) is an American journalist, documentarian, and scientific researcher. He is the creator and director of the television series ''Hamilton's Pharmacopeia'', in which he investigated the chemistry, history, and cultural impact of various psychoactive drugs. Morris is considered to be one of the world's leading drug journalists. Biography Hamilton Morris was born in New York City, the son of Julia Sheehan, an art historian, and documentary filmmaker Errol Morris. He was raised in Cambridge, Massachusetts. As a teenager, Morris appeared in television commercials, notably a 2002 advertisement for the first-generation iPod. He attended the University of Chicago and The New School, where he studied anthropology and chemistry. He earned a bachelor of science (BSc) degree in liberal arts from The New School. Morris's interest in psychoactive substances blossomed in his late teens when he began reading pharmacology information hosted on websites su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serotonergic Psychedelic
Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary mental states (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips") and a perceived "expansion of consciousness". Also referred to as classic hallucinogens or serotonergic hallucinogens, the term ''psychedelic'' is sometimes used more broadly to include various other types of hallucinogens as well, such as those which are atypical or adjacent to psychedelia like salvia and MDMA, respectively. Classic psychedelics generally cause specific psychological, visual, and auditory changes, and oftentimes a substantially altered state of consciousness. They have had the largest influence on science and culture, and include mescaline, LSD, psilocybin, and DMT. There are a large number of both naturally occurring and synthetic serotonergic psychedelics. Most psychedelic drugs fall into one of the three families of chemical compounds: tryptamines, phenethylamines, or lysergamides. They pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychoplastogen
Psychoplastogens, also known as neuroplastogens, are a group of Small molecule#Drugs, small molecule drugs that produce rapid and sustained effects on neuronal structure and function, intended to manifest therapeutic benefit after a single administration. Several existing psychoplastogens have been identified and their therapeutic effects demonstrated; several are presently at various stages of development as medications including ketamine, MDMA, scopolamine, and the serotonergic psychedelics, including Lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD, psilocin (the active metabolite of psilocybin), N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, DMT, and 5-MeO-DMT. Compounds of this sort are being explored as therapeutics for a variety of brain disorders including Depression (mood), depression, addiction, and Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD. The ability to rapidly promote neuronal changes via mechanisms of neuroplasticity was recently discovered as the common therapeutic activity and mechanism of action. Etymol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hallucinogen
Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelics, entheogens, or historically as psychotomimetics, are a large and diverse class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood, and perception as well as other changes. Hallucinogens are often categorized as either being psychedelics, dissociatives, or deliriants, but not all hallucinogens fall into these three classes. Examples of hallucinogens include psychedelics or serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists like LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and DMT; dissociatives or NMDA receptor antagonists like ketamine, PCP, DXM, and nitrous oxide; deliriants or antimuscarinics like scopolamine and diphenhydramine; cannabinoids or cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists like THC, nabilone, and JWH-018; κ-opioid receptor agonists like salvinorin A and pentazocine; GABAA receptor agonists like muscimol and gaboxadol; and oneirogens like ibogaine and harmaline, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agonist
An agonist is a chemical that activates a Receptor (biochemistry), receptor to produce a biological response. Receptors are Cell (biology), cellular proteins whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an Receptor antagonist, antagonist blocks the action of the agonist, while an inverse agonist causes an action opposite to that of the agonist. Etymology The word originates from the Ancient Greek, Greek word (''agōnistēs''), "contestant; champion; rival" < (''agōn''), "contest, combat; exertion, struggle" < (''agō''), "I lead, lead towards, conduct; drive." Types of agonists Receptor (biochemistry), Receptors can be activated by either endogenous agonists (such as hormones and neurotransmitters) or exogenous agonists (such as medication, drugs), resulting in a biological response. A physiological agonism an ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Folding
Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein, after Protein biosynthesis, synthesis by a ribosome as a linear chain of Amino acid, amino acids, changes from an unstable random coil into a more ordered protein tertiary structure, three-dimensional structure. This structure permits the protein to become biologically functional or active. The folding of many proteins begins even during the translation of the polypeptide chain. The amino acids interact with each other to produce a well-defined three-dimensional structure, known as the protein's native state. This structure is determined by the amino-acid sequence or primary structure. The correct three-dimensional structure is essential to function, although some parts of functional proteins Intrinsically unstructured proteins, may remain unfolded, indicating that protein dynamics are important. Failure to fold into a native structure generally produces inactive proteins, but in some instances, misfolded proteins have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
