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Turkomania (other)
Turkomania is a historical geographic term for Central and Eastern Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) Turkomania or Turcomania may also refer to: * Two competing 14th–15th century confederations of primarily Oghuz Turkic tribes in Western Asia: ** Kara Koyunlu, meaning "of the black sheep," who dominated northwestern Iran (modern-day Iranian Azerbaijan), Kurdistan, and South Caucasus ** Ak Koyunlu, meaning "of the white sheep," who dominated southeastern Turkey, and later all of eastern Turkey, the Caucasus, modern-day Iraq, and Iran * Turkmenistan, a country in Central Asia * Turcomania, or Turkmeneli Turkmeneli, also known as Turkmenland, and historically as Turcomania, (), and East Turkmeneli (Doğu Türkmeneli) is a political term used to define the vast swath of territory in which the Iraqi Turkmens historically have had a dominant populat ..., a political term used to define the territory in which the Iraqi Turkmens historically have had a dominant population * Turkophilia, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkomania
Turcomania or Turkomania was a historical geographic term appearing in maps and travel accounts for Central Anatolia, Central and Eastern Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia of present-day Turkey from the Middle Ages through the early modern period. It was used to describe a region not based on administrative boundaries, but on the presence of Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkomans by outside observers. In Latin, the name ''Turcomania'' means “land of the Turcomans”, following a common Latin convention of using the ''-ia'' suffix to denote places associated with a particular people. History Ethnic composition From the 13th century onward, several medieval sources and modern studies affirm the presence of Turkoman tribes in Central and Eastern Anatolia, commonly referred to under the name ''Turcomania''. In ''The Travels of Marco Polo'', the Venetian explorer Marco Polo provides a 13th-century account of the region, describing the inhabitants of Turcomania as following: In Turcomania there ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oghuz Turks
The Oghuz Turks ( Middle Turkic: , ) were a western Turkic people who spoke the Oghuz branch of the Turkic language family. In the 8th century, they formed a tribal confederation conventionally named the Oghuz Yabgu State in Central Asia. Today, much of the populations of Turkey, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan are descendants of Oghuz Turks. The term Oghuz was gradually supplanted by the terms Turkmen and Turcoman ( or ''Türkmân'') by the 13th century.Lewis, G. ''The Book of Dede Korkut''. Penguin Books, 1974, p. 10. The Oghuz confederation migrated westward from the Jeti-su area after a conflict with the Karluk allies of the Uyghurs. In the 9th century, the Oghuz from the Aral steppes drove Pechenegs westward from the Emba and Ural River region. In the 10th century, the Oghuz inhabited the steppe of the rivers Sari-su, Turgai and Emba north of Lake Balkhash in modern-day Kazakhstan. They embraced Islam and adapted their traditions and institutions to the Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kara Koyunlu
The Qara Qoyunlu or Kara Koyunlu (, ; ), also known as the Black Sheep Turkomans, were a culturally Persianate, Muslim Turkoman "Kara Koyunlu, also spelled Qara Qoyunlu, Turkish Karakoyunlular, English Black Sheep, Turkmen tribal federation that ruled Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Iraq from about 1375 to 1468." "Better known as Turkomans... the interim Ak-Koyunlu and Karakoyunlu dynasties..." monarchy that ruled over the territory comprising present-day Azerbaijan, Armenia, northwestern Iran, eastern Turkey, and northeastern Iraq from about 1374 to 1468. History Etymology The name Qara Qoyunlu literally means "[those with] black sheep". It has been suggested that this name refers to old totemic symbols, but according to Rashid al-Din Hamadani, the Turks were forbidden to eat the flesh of their totem-animals, and so this is unlikely given the importance of mutton in the diet of pastoral nomads. Another hypothesis is that the name refers to the predominant color of their flocks. O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ak Koyunlu
The Aq Qoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans (, ; ) was a culturally Persianate,Kaushik Roy, ''Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400–1750'', (Bloomsbury, 2014), 38; "Post-Mongol Persia and Iraq were ruled by two tribal confederations: Akkoyunlu (White Sheep) (1378–1507) and Qaraoyunlu (Black Sheep). They were Persianate Turkoman Confederations of Anatolia (Asia Minor) and Azerbaijan." SunniMichael M. Gunter, ''Historical dictionary of the Kurds'' (2010), p. 29 Turkoman tribal confederation. Founded in the Diyarbakir region by Qara Yuluk Uthman Beg, they ruled parts of present-day eastern Turkey from 1378 to 1508, and in their last decades also ruled Armenia, Azerbaijan, much of Iran, Iraq, and Oman where the ruler of Hormuz recognised Aq Qoyunlu suzerainty. The Aq Qoyunlu empire reached its zenith under Uzun Hasan. History Etymology The name Aq Qoyunlu, literally meaning "those with white sheep", is first mentioned in late 14th century sources. It has been sugg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ashgabat is the capital and largest city. It is one of the six independent Turkic states. With a population over 7 million, Turkmenistan is the 35th most-populous country in Asia and has the lowest population of the Central Asian republics while being one of the most sparsely populated nations on the Asian continent. Turkmenistan has long served as a thoroughfare for several empires and cultures. Merv is one of the oldest oasis-cities in Central Asia, and was once among the biggest cities in the world. It was also one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed by the Russian Empire in 1881, Turkmenistan figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik movement in Central Asia. In 1925, Turkmenistan be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkmeneli
Turkmeneli, also known as Turkmenland, and historically as Turcomania, (), and East Turkmeneli (Doğu Türkmeneli) is a political term used to define the vast swath of territory in which the Iraqi Turkmens historically have had a dominant population. The term incorporates the Iraqi Turkmen homelands running from Iraq's border with Turkey and Syria and diagonally down the country to the border with Iran. It is sometimes referred to as East Turkmeneli to distinguish from the Syrian Turkmen homeland, known as Bayırbucak, West Turkmeneli. Apart from the designation of the region as Turcomania in a 1785 map by William Guthrie, there's no certain mention of the region in published works until the establishment of the Iraqi Turkmen Front. In particular, the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkmen/Turkoman consider the capital of Turkmeneli to be disputed city of Kirkuk and its boundaries also include Tal Afar, Mosul (second largest city in Iraq), Erbil, Mandali, Iraq, Mandali, and Tuz Khurmatu. Ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkophilia
Turkophilia () is the feeling or expression of interest in, respect for, and appreciation of Turks on the part of a non-Turk. More specifically, a Turkophile is someone who has a strongly positive predisposition or sympathy towards Turkey and the Turkish people, with an admiration for their language and literature, culture (art, music, cuisine, etc.), history, or government. The phenomenon may also include a broader appreciation of the Turkic peoples, of whom the Turkish people are a part. The opposite sentiment is known as Turkophobia. Early modern period In Western discourse, the term "Turcophile" is often linked to the cultural phenomenon of Turquerie, reflecting the broader European admiration for the customs, aesthetics, and splendor of the Ottoman Empire in the 17th and 18th centuries. Although these concepts have distinct historical foundations, they both reflect the influence and presence of Turkish culture, traditions, and artistic heritage within the European context. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
