|
Turda Palais Princier Musée D'histoire
Turda (; , ; ; ) is a city in Cluj County, Transylvania, Romania. It is located in the southeastern part of the county, from the county seat, Cluj-Napoca, to which it is connected by the European route E81, and from nearby Câmpia Turzii. The city consists of four neighborhoods: Turda Veche, Turda Nouă, Oprișani, and Poiana. It is traversed from west to east by the Arieș River and north to south by its tributary, Valea Racilor. History Ancient times There is evidence of human settlement in the area dating to the Middle Paleolithic, some 60,000 years ago. The Dacians established a town that Ptolemy in his ''Geography'' calls ''Patreuissa'', which is probably a corruption of ''Patavissa'' or ''Potaissa'', the latter being more common. It was conquered by the Romans, who kept the name ''Potaissa'', between AD 101 and 106, during the rule of Trajan, together with parts of Decebal's Dacia. The name Potaissa is first recorded on a Roman milliarium discovered in 1758 i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Municipiu
A municipiu (from Latin ''municipium''; English: municipality) is a level of administrative subdivision in Romania and Moldova, roughly equivalent to city in some English-speaking world, English-speaking countries. In Romania, this status is given to towns that are large and urbanized; at present, there are 103 ''municipii''. There is no clear benchmark regarding the status of ''municipiu'' even though it applies to localities which have a sizeable population, usually above 15,000, and extensive urban infrastructure. Localities that do not meet these loose guidelines are classified only as towns (''orașe''), or if they are not urban areas, as Commune in Romania, communes (''comune''). Cities are governed by a mayor and local council. There are no official administrative subdivisions of cities even though, unofficially, municipalities may be divided into quarters/districts (''cartiere'' in Romanian language, Romanian). The exception to this is Bucharest, which has a status simila ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milliarium
A miliarium () was a cylindrical, oval or parallelepiped column placed on the edge of Roman roads to mark the distances every thousand passus (double Roman steps), that is, every mile.A passus is an ancient Roman unit of length that is 2 gradūs. One passus is . There are 1000 passus in one mille, which was sometimes referred to as a ''mille passus''. A passus was roughly the pace step of a single legionary. Today, this is equivalent to a distance of approximately 1480 meters. The stone known as the ''Milliarium Aureum'' was the point used to indicate the distance to Rome from any point in the Roman Empire. Background The columns were made of granite, marble or whatever local stone was available. Each had a cubic or square pedestal and measured between , with a diameter of . Miliarium were widely used by Roman road builders and were an important part of any road network. In those times, the distance that could be travelled each day was sometimes only a few miles. Many miliar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goths
The Goths were a Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Europe. They were first reported by Graeco-Roman authors in the 3rd century AD, living north of the Danube in what is now Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania. From here they conducted raids into Roman territory, and large numbers of them joined the Roman military. These early Goths lived in the regions where archaeologists find the Chernyakhov culture, which flourished throughout this region during the 3rd and 4th centuries. In the late 4th century, the lands of the Goths in present-day Ukraine were overwhelmed by a significant westward movement of Alans and Huns from the east. Large numbers of Goths subsequently concentrated upon the Roman border at the Lower Danube, seeking refuge inside the Roman Empire. After they entered the Empire, violence broke out, and Goth-led forces inflicted a devastating defeat upon the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople in 378. Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carpi People
The Carpi or Carpiani were a tribe that resided in the eastern parts of modern Romania in the historical region of Moldavia from no later than c. AD 140 and until at least AD 318. The ethnic affiliation of the Carpi remains disputed, as there is no direct evidence in the surviving ancient literary sources. A strong body of modern scholarly opinion considers that the Carpi were a tribe of the Dacian nation. Other scholars have linked the Carpi to a variety of ethnic groups, including Sarmatians, Thracians, Slavs, Germanic peoples, Balts and Celts. About a century after their earliest mention by Ptolemy, during which time their relations with Rome appear to have been peaceful, the Carpi emerged in c. 238 as among Rome's most persistent enemies. In the period AD 250–270, the Carpi were an important component of a loose coalition of transdanubian barbarian tribes that also included Germanic and Sarmatian elements. These were responsible for a series of large and devastating inva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mărtinești
Mărtinești (, ) is a commune in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of seven villages: Dâncu Mare (''Nagydenk''), Dâncu Mic (''Kisdenk''), Jeledinți (''Lozsád''), Măgura (''Magura''), Mărtinești, Tămășasa (''Tamáspatak''), and Turmaș (''Tormás''). The commune is located in the central part of Hunedoara County, west of the city of Orăștie and east of the county seat, Deva. Mărtinești is situated in a hilly area, on the banks of the river Turdaș. In 2012, four looters were sent to trial for looting from Sarmizegetusa Regia Sarmizegetusa Regia (also known as ''Sarmisegetusa'', ''Sarmisegethusa'', ''Sarmisegethuza''; ) was the capital and the most important military, religious and political centre of the Dacians before the wars with the Roman Empire. Built on top ... between 1998 and 2009. They looted 3,600 Greek coins (estimated at €3,794,550), a necklace (estimated at €100,000) and 35 Roman denarii from Dâncu Mare village. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viișoara, Mureș
Viișoara (; ; Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Mureș County, Transylvania, Romania that is composed of three villages: Ormeniș (''Irmesch''; ''Szászörményes''), Sântioana (''Johannisdorf''; ''Szászszentiván''), and Viișoara. Geography The commune is situated on the Transylvanian Plateau, on the bank of the rivers Domald and Sântioana, at an altitude of . It is located in the southern part of Mureș County, from the county seat, Târgu Mureș, on the border with Sibiu County. Viișoara is crossed by county road DJ142C, which joins it to Bălăușeri, to the northeast, and to Dumbrăveni, to the south. Demographics At the 2002 census, the commune had a population of 1,663: 70% Romanians, 25% Roma, 3% Hungarians, and 2% Germans Germans (, ) are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language. The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, constitution o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Èšaga
Țaga (Hungarian language, Hungarian: ''Cege''; German Language, German: ''Zegen'') is a Communes of Romania, commune in Cluj County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Năsal (''Noszoly''), Sântejude (''Vasasszentegyed''), Sântejude-Vale (''Vasasszentegyedi völgy''), Sântioana (''Vasasszentiván''), and Țaga. Geography The commune is located in the eastern part of the county, having as neighbors: to the east Bistrița-Năsăud County and Chiochiș commune, to the south Geaca and Pălatca communes, to the west Sic, Cluj, Sic commune, and to the north Fizeșu Gherlii and Sânmartin, Cluj, Sânmartin communes. Țaga is crossed by the county road DJ 109C Cămărașu–Gherla, a road that connects the national roads Apahida-Reghin and the national road Cluj-Napoca–Gherla–Dej. Demographics According to the Demographics of Romania, census from 2002, there were 2,162 people living in this commune; of this population, 91.67% were ethnic Romanians, 6.15% eth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gordian III
Gordian III (; 20 January 225 – February 244) was Roman emperor from 238 to 244. At the age of 13, he became the youngest sole emperor of the united Roman Empire. Gordian was the son of Maecia Faustina and her husband Junius Balbus, who died before 238. Their names are mentioned in the unreliable ''Historia Augusta''. Maecia was the daughter of Emperor Gordian I and sister of Emperor Gordian II. Very little is known of his early life before his acclamation. Rise to power In 235, following the murder of Emperor Alexander Severus in Moguntiacum (modern Mainz), the capital of the Roman province Germania Superior, Maximinus Thrax was acclaimed emperor. In the following years, there was a growing opposition against Maximinus in the Roman Senate and amongst the majority of the population of Rome. In 238, a rebellion broke out in the Africa Province, where Gordian's grandfather and uncle, Gordian I and II, were proclaimed joint emperors. This revolt was suppressed within a mon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salina Turda
Salina Turda () is a salt mine in the Durgău-Valea Sărată area of Turda, the second largest city in Cluj County, northwest Transylvania. Opened for tourists in 1992, the Salina Turda mine was visited by about 618,000 Romanian and foreign tourists in 2017. Salina Turda was ranked in 2013 by ''Business Insider'' as among the "25 hidden gems around the world that are worth the trek". History Salt was first extracted here during the Classical Antiquity, antiquity. The mine continuously produced table salt from the Middle Ages, the mine being first mentioned in 1271, to the early–20th century (1932). The first document that speaks explicitly about the existence of a salt mine in Turda dates from 1 May 1271, being issued by the Hungarian chancellery. Documents preserved from the 13th and 14th centuries that refer to the Turda salt mines mention that salines were arranged in the Băile Sărate microdepression and on the southeastern slope of the Valea Sărată. Operating rooms we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonia (Roman)
A Roman (: ) was originally a settlement of Roman citizens, establishing a Roman outpost in federated or conquered territory, for the purpose of securing it. Eventually, however, the term came to denote the highest status of a Roman city. It is also the origin of the modern term "colony". Characteristics Under the Roman Republic, which had no standing army, their own citizens were planted in conquered towns as a kind of garrison. There were two types: * Roman colonies, ''coloniae civium Romanorum'' or ''coloniae maritimae'', as they were often built near the sea, e.g. Ostia (350 BC) and Rimini (268 BC). The colonists consisted of about three hundred Roman veterans with their families who were assigned from 1 to 2.5 hectares of agricultural land from the ''ager colonicus'' (state land), as well as free use of the ''ager compascus scripturarius'' (common state land) for pasture and woodland. * Latin colonies (''coloniae Latinae'') were considerably larger than Roman colonies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Municipium
In ancient Rome, the Latin term (: ) referred to a town or city. Etymologically, the was a social contract among ('duty holders'), or citizens of the town. The duties () were a communal obligation assumed by the in exchange for the privileges and protections of citizenship. Every citizen was a . The distinction of was not made in the Roman Kingdom; instead, the immediate neighbours of the city were invited or compelled to transfer their populations to the urban structure of Rome, where they took up residence in neighbourhoods and became Romans . Under the Roman Republic the practical considerations of incorporating communities into the city-state of Rome forced the Romans to devise the concept of , a distinct state under the jurisdiction of Rome. It was necessary to distinguish various types of and other settlements, such as the colony. In the early Roman Empire these distinctions began to disappear; for example, when Pliny the Elder served in the Roman army, the distinctio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legio V Macedonica
Legio V Macedonica (the Fifth Macedonian Legion) was a Roman legion. It was established in 43 BC by consul Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus and Augustus, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (later known as the Roman Emperor, Emperor Augustus). and based in the Balkan provinces of Macedonia (Roman province), Macedonia, Moesia and Dacia. In the Notitia Dignitatum records from beginning of the fifth century, the legion was still stationed in Dacia, with detachments stationed in the east and Egypt. The last known evidence shows the legion, or detachments from it, stationed in Egypt in the seventh century one or two years before the Islamic conquest of Egypt. It is often assumed that the legion fought in this war and was destroyed, although it is uncertain whether detachments or the whole legion were in Egypt, and there is no further evidence of the legion's eventual fate. Its symbol was the bull, but the eagle was used as well. History 1st century BC: Creation and deployment in Maced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
