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Tudeh Party Of Iran
The Tudeh Party of Iran is an Iranian communist party. Formed in 1941, with Soleiman Mirza Eskandari as its head, it had considerable influence in its early years and played an important role during Mohammad Mosaddegh's campaign to nationalize the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and his term as prime minister. From the Iran crisis of 1946 onwards, Tudeh became a pro-Soviet organization and remained prepared to carry out the dictates of the Kremlin, even if it meant sacrificing Iranian political independence and sovereignty. The crackdown that followed the 1953 coup against Mosaddegh is said to have "destroyed" the party,Abrahamian, Ervand, ''A History of Modern Iran'', p.122 although a remnant persisted. The party still exists but has remained much weaker as a result of its banning in Iran and mass arrests by the Islamic Republic in 1982, as well as the executions of political prisoners in 1988. Tudeh identified itself as the historical offshoot of the Communist Party of Persia. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morning Star (British Newspaper)
The ''Morning Star'' is a left-wing British daily newspaper with a focus on social issues, social, political and trade union issues. Originally founded in 1930 as the ''Daily Worker'' by the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB), ownership was transferred from the CPGB to an independent consumers' co-operative, readers' co-operative, the People's Press Printing Society, in 1945 and later renamed the ''Morning Star'' in 1966. The paper describes its editorial stance as in line with ''Britain's Road to Socialism'', the programme of the Communist Party of Britain. The ''Daily Worker'' initially opposed the Second World War and its London edition was banned in Britain between 1941 and 1942. After Operation Barbarossa, the Soviet Union joined the Allies, the paper enthusiastically backed the war effort. During the Cold War, the paper provided a platform for critics of the US and its allies. This included whistleblowers who provided evidence that the British military were allowin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Far-left Politics
Far-left politics, also known as extreme left politics or left-wing extremism, are politics further to the left on the left–right political spectrum than the standard political left. The term does not have a single, coherent definition; some scholars consider it to be the left of communist parties, while others broaden it to include the left of social democracy. In certain instances—especially in the news media—''far left'' has been associated with some forms of authoritarianism, anarchism, communism, and Marxism, or are characterized as groups that advocate for revolutionary socialism and related communist ideologies, or anti-capitalism and anti-globalization. Far-left terrorism consists of extremist, militant, or insurgent groups that attempt to realize their ideals through political violence rather than using democratic processes. Ideologies Far-left politics are the leftmost ideologies on the left of the left–right political spectrum. They are a hete ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Council Of United Trade Unions
The Central Council of United Trade Unions (abbreviated CCUTU, , 'Central United Council of the Trade Unions of Workers and Toilers of Iran') was a trade union centre in Iran. History Founding CCUTU was founded through the merger of two hitherto antagonistic unions, the Central Council (the union aligned with the Tudeh Party) and the majority faction of the Central Board. The merger was declared on May 1, 1944. On May 8, 1944, a smaller union centre, the Union of Toilers of Iran, merged into CCUTU, followed by the affiliation of the Railway Workers' Association to CCUTU on June 20, 1944. At the time of its founding, CCUTU had sixty affiliated unions. Gradually, the Tudeh Party consolidated its influence over the organization. On July 6, 1944, a shared leadership was announced. Ebrahim Mahzari and Resa Ebrahimzadeh (a communist and former prisoner) were assigned co-chairmen of the CCUTU. On June 18, 1945 the co-chairmen were converted to 'secretaries'. Moreover, a third secretar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tudeh Fraction
The Tudeh fraction () was the parliamentary group of the Tudeh Party in the Iranian Parliament. The group was known for its robust discipline Discipline is the self-control that is gained by requiring that rules or orders be obeyed, and the ability to keep working at something that is difficult. Disciplinarians believe that such self-control is of the utmost importance and enforce a ..., and its ability to dominate debates in the parliament. During the 14th Iranian Majlis, the party formed a left- center coalition with deputies (mostly from northern provinces) who sympathized with its policies, gaining a voting strength of about 30. Historical membership References Iranian Parliament fractions 1944 establishments in Iran Affiliated organizations of the Tudeh Party of Iran * {{Iran-party-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tudeh Military Network
The Officers' Organization () or the Military Organization () of the Tudeh Party, also known as Tudeh Military Network, was an intelligence gathering network that infiltrated the Iranian Armed Forces using clandestine cell system method. Bibliography * References External links * 1944 establishments in Iran Spy rings Rebel groups in Iran Cold War history of Iran Affiliated organizations of the Tudeh Party of Iran Soviet spies Iran–Soviet Union relations {{Iran-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Organization Of Iranian Women
The Democratic Organization of Iranian Women (DAW; ) is the women's wing A women's wing, sometimes also known as a women's group or women's branch, is an auxiliary or independent front or faction within a larger organization, typically a political party, that consists of that organization's female membership or acts to ... of the Tudeh Party of Iran. Led by Maryam Firouz, it was founded in 1943 as the 'Organization of Iranian Women' (OIW) () and joined Women's International Democratic Federation in 1947. The organization "demanded radical transformations in the laws governing the rights of women in the family and at the workplace", according to Hammed Shahidian. They published a monthly magazine named ''Bidari-e Ma'' (), edited by Zahra Eskandari-Bayat. OIW was banned in 1949, along with Tudeh itself and other affiliates, but the party managed to revive it in 1951 with another name: 'Democratic Organization of Iranian Women'. References {{reflist External links Officia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tudeh Youth Organization
Tudeh Youth Organization () is the youth wing of the Tudeh Party of Iran that was founded in 1943. The organization is affiliated with World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY). It published ''Mardom Baraye Javanan'' () weekly and then ''Razm'' () daily newspapers. The organization was led by Reza Radmanesh, who was succeeded by Nader Sharmini from 1947 to 1952. Under the leadership of the latter, the organization proposed more radical slogans while siding with the moderate faction of the party and attacking the hardliner faction for being not enough revolutionary. In 1966, a split occurred in the organization when a group of members left the party because they considered themselves Maoist. They subsequently founded an organization named the Revolutionary Organization of the Tudeh Party. References {{Communism-stub Affiliated organizations of the Tudeh Party of Iran 1943 establishments in Iran Organizations established in 1943 Youth wings of communist parties ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parviz Mahmoud
Parviz Mahmoud (1910 – 1996) was an Iranian composer and conductor. He was the founder of the Tehran Symphony Orchestra in its modern form. His father Mahmoud Mahmoud (Pahlavi) was a famous Persian writer, researcher and politician. he is son of the Iranian Azerbaijani politician Mahmud Mahmud. Education Parviz studied composition at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels and for a few years he was professor and director of Tehran Conservatory. Immigration to the US In 1959 he moved to the United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ... and did not continue his musical activities seriously anymore. A few years after immigrating he received his PhD from the University of Indiana. His dissertation was about the theory of Persian music and its relation to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the northeast, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. With a Ethnicities in Iran, multi-ethnic population of over 92 million in an area of , Iran ranks 17th globally in both List of countries and dependencies by area, geographic size and List of countries and dependencies by population, population. It is the List of Asian countries by area, sixth-largest country entirely in Asia and one of the world's List of mountains in Iran, most mountainous countries. Officially an Islamic republic, Iran is divided into Regions of Iran, five regions with Provinces of Iran, 31 provinces. Tehran is the nation's Capital city, capital, List of cities in Iran by province, largest city and financial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tehran
Tehran (; , ''Tehrân'') is the capital and largest city of Iran. It is the capital of Tehran province, and the administrative center for Tehran County and its Central District (Tehran County), Central District. With a population of around 9.8 million in the city as of 2025, and 16.8 million in the metropolitan area, Tehran is the List of largest cities of Iran, most populous city in Iran and Western Asia, the Largest metropolitan areas of the Middle East, second-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East after Cairo, and the 24th most populous metropolitan area in the world. Greater Tehran includes several municipalities, including, Karaj, Eslamshahr, Shahriar, Tehran province, Shahriar, Qods, Iran, Qods, Malard, Golestan, Tehran, Golestan, Pakdasht, Qarchak, Nasimshahr, Parand, Pardis, Andisheh and Fardis. In the classical antiquity, part of the territory of present-day Tehran was occupied by Rhages (now Ray, Iran, Ray), a prominent Medes, Median city almost entirely des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Germany
East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country in Central Europe from Foundation of East Germany, its formation on 7 October 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with West Germany (FRG) on 3 October 1990. Until 1989, it was generally viewed as a communist state and described itself as a Socialist state, socialist "workers' and peasants' state". The Economy of East Germany, economy of the country was Central planning, centrally planned and government-owned corporation, state-owned. Although the GDR had to pay substantial war reparations to the Soviets, its economy became the most successful in the Eastern Bloc. Before its establishment, the country's territory was administered and occupied by Soviet forces following the Berlin Declaration (1945), Berlin Declaration abolishing German sovereignty in World War II. The Potsdam Agreement established the Soviet occupation zone in Germany, Soviet-occupied zone, bounded on the east b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
