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Tuckermanella Pseudoweberi
''Tuckermanella'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2003 by lichenologist Ted Essingler to contain s previously placed in the "Cetraria fendleri" species group. The genus names honors the American lichenologist Edward Tuckerman. In 2017, Pradeep Divakar and colleagues used a then-recently developed "temporal phylogenetic" approach to identify temporal bands for specific taxonomic ranks in the family Parmeliaceae, suggesting that groups of species that diverged within the time window of 29.45–32.55 million years ago represent genera. They proposed to synonymize ''Tuckermanella'' with ''Nephromopsis'', along with several other Parmelioid genera, so that all the genera within the Parmeliaceae are about the same age. Although some of their proposed taxonomic changes were accepted, the synonymization of the Parmelioid genera with ''Nephromopsis'' was not accepted in a later critical analysis of the temporal phylo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuckermanella Weberi
''Tuckermanella'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed in 2003 by lichenologist Ted Essingler to contain s previously placed in the "Cetraria fendleri" species group. The genus names honors the American lichenologist Edward Tuckerman. In 2017, Pradeep Divakar and colleagues used a then-recently developed "temporal phylogenetic" approach to identify temporal bands for specific taxonomic ranks in the family Parmeliaceae, suggesting that groups of species that Evolutionary divergence, diverged within the time window of 29.45–32.55 million years ago represent genera. They proposed to synonym (taxonomy), synonymize ''Tuckermanella'' with ''Nephromopsis'', along with several other Parmelioid genera, so that all the genera within the Parmeliaceae are about the same age. Although some of their proposed taxonomic changes were accepted, the synonymization of the Parmelioid genera with ''Nephromopsi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Tuckerman
Edward Tuckerman (December 7, 1817, in Boston, Massachusetts – March 15, 1886) was an American botanist and professor who made significant contributions to the study of lichens and other alpine plants. He was a founding member of the Natural History Society of Boston and most of his career was spent at Amherst College. He did the majority of his collecting on the slopes of Mount Washington in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Tuckerman Ravine was named in his honor. The standard botanical author abbreviation Tuck. is applied to species he described. Early life and education Tuckerman was the eldest son of a Boston merchant, also Edward Tuckerman, and Sophia (May) Tuckerman. He studied at Boston Latin School and then at his father's urging at Union College in Schenectady, which he entered as a sophomore and where he completed a BA in 1837 and to which he returned for his MA after taking a law degree at Harvard in 1839, traveling in Germany and Scandinavia, and making th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecanorales Genera
The Lecanorales are an order of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The order contains 26 families, 269 genera, and 5695 species. Families Suborder Lecanorineae * Biatorellaceae M. Choisy ex Hafellner & Casares-Porcel, 1992 * Brigantiaeaceae Hafellner & Bellem., 1982 * Bruceomycetaceae Rikkinen & A.R.Schmidt in Rikkinen et al., * Byssolomataceae Zahlbr. 1926 * Carbonicolaceae Bendiksby & Timdal (2013) * Catillariaceae Hafellner, 1984 * Cetradoniaceae J.C. Wei & Ahti 2002 * Cladoniaceae Zenker, J.C. 1827–1829 * Dactylosporaceae Bellem. & Hafellner, 1982 * Gypsoplacaceae Timdal, E. 1990 * Haematommataceae Hafellner, 1984 * Lecanoraceae Fée, A.L.A. 1824 * Malmideaceae Kalb, K., Rivas Plata, E., Lücking, R. & Lumbsch, H.T. 2011 * Pachyascaceae Poelt ex P.M.Kirk, P.F.Cannon & J.C.David, 2001 * Parmeliaceae The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With over 2700 species i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen Genera
A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. . Lichens are the lifeform that first brought the term symbiosis (as ''Symbiotismus'') into biological context. Lichens have since been recognized as important actors in nutrient cycling and producers which many higher trophic feeders feed on, such as reindeer, gastropods, nematodes, mites, and springtails. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanohalea
''Melanohalea'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. It contains 30 mostly Northern Hemisphere species that grow on bark or on wood. The genus is characterised by the presence of pseudocyphellae (tiny pores that allow for gas exchange), usually on warts or on the tips of isidia, a non-pored and a medulla containing depsidones or lacking secondary metabolites. ''Melanohalea'' was circumscribed in 2004 as a segregate of the morphologically similar genus '' Melanelia'', which was created in 1978 for certain brown '' Parmelia'' species. The methods used to estimate the evolutionary history of ''Melanohalea'' suggest that its diversification primarily occurred during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs. ''Melanohalea'' species predominantly inhabit bark and wood in the Holarctic, with only a few extending into the Southern Hemisphere and rare occurrences on rocks. Notably, '' Melanohalea peruviana'' in the Peruvian Andes and '' M. mexicana'' in Mexico re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuckermannopsis
''Tuckermannopsis'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 1933 by Hungarian lichenologist Vilmos Kőfaragó-Gyelnik. The genus name ''Tuckermannopsis'' honours Edward Tuckerman (1817–1886), who was an American botanist and professor who made significant contributions to the study of lichens and other alpine plants. He was a founding member of the Natural History Society of Boston and most of his career was spent at Amherst College. '' Tuckermannopsis ciliaris'' was assigned as the type, and at that time, only species. The type species is a lichen, meaning it is erect, foliose, and with apothecia and pycnidia ( sexual and asexual reproductive structures, respectively) that are largely restricted to the margins of the lobes. Starting in the 1980s, the genus became a wastebasket taxon containing cetrarioid species of uncertain taxonomic affinities. In 2001, Ingvar Kärnefelt and Arne Thell attempted to delimit ''Tucker ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudocyphella
Pseudocyphellae (singular ''pseudocyphella'') are structures in lichens that appear as tiny pores on the outer surface (the cortex) of the lichen. They are caused when there is a break in the cortex of the lichen, and the medullary hyphae extend to the surface. Pseudocyphellae are the same colour as the medulla of the lichen, which is generally white, but can be yellow in some species of '' Pseudocyphellaria'' and in ''Bryoria fremontii''. The presence/absence, abundance, colour, and shape of pseudocyphellae can all be diagnostic features used to identify different species. They facilitate gas exchange through the surface of the lichen, and may provide an adaptive advantage in temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of the Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ran ... environments. References *Brodo, I. M., S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thallus
Thallus (: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. A thallus usually names the entire body of a multicellular non-moving organism in which there is no organization of the tissues into organs. Many of these organisms were previously known as the thallophytes, a polyphyletic group of distantly related organisms. An organism or structure resembling a thallus is called thalloid, thalloidal, thalliform, thalline, or thallose. Even though thalli do not have organized and distinct parts ( leaves, roots, and stems) as do the vascular plants, they may have analogous structures that resemble their vascular "equivalents". The analogous structures have similar function or macroscopic structure, but different microscopic structure; for example, no thallus has vascular tissue. In exceptional cases such as the Lemnoideae, where th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foliose Lichen
A foliose lichen is a lichen with flat, leaf-like , which are generally not firmly bonded to the substrate on which it grows. It is one of the three most common growth forms of lichens. It typically has distinct upper and lower surfaces, each of which is usually covered with a cortex; some, however, lack a lower cortex. The photobiont layer lies just below the upper cortex. Where present, the lower cortex is usually dark (sometimes even black), but occasionally white. Foliose lichens are attached to their substrate either by hyphae extending from the cortex or , or by root-like structures called . The latter, which are found only in foliose lichens, come in a variety of shapes, the specifics of which can aid in species identification. Some foliose lichens attach only at a single stout peg called a , typically located near the lichen's centre. Lichens with this structure are called "umbilicate". In general, medium to large epiphytic foliose lichens are moderately sensitive to air ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nephromopsis
''Nephromopsis'' is a genus of lichenized fungi within the Parmeliaceae The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With over 2700 species in 71 genera, it is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi. The most speciose genera in the family are the well-known groups: '' Xanthoparmelia'' ( 82 ... family. References External links Index Fungorum Parmeliaceae Lichen genera Lecanorales genera Taxa named by Johannes Müller Argoviensis Taxa described in 1891 {{Parmeliaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synonym (taxonomy)
In taxonomy, the scientific classification of living organisms, a synonym is an alternative scientific name for the accepted scientific name of a taxon. The Botanical nomenclature, botanical and Zoological nomenclature, zoological codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In nomenclature, botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a Binomial nomenclature, scientific name that applies to a taxon that now goes by a different scientific name. For example, Carl Linnaeus, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name (under the currently used system of scientific nomenclature) to the Norway spruce, which he called ''Pinus abies''. This name is no longer in use, so it is now a synonym of the current scientific name, ''Picea abies''. * In zoology, moving a species from one genus to another results in a different Binomial nomenclature, binomen, but the name is considered an alternative combination rather than a synonym. The concept of synonymy in zoology is reserved f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evolutionary Divergence
Divergent evolution or divergent selection is the accumulation of differences between closely related populations within a species, sometimes leading to speciation. Divergent evolution is typically exhibited when two populations become separated by a geographic barrier (such as in allopatric or peripatric speciation) and experience different selective pressures that cause adaptations. After many generations and continual evolution, the populations become less able to interbreed with one another. The American naturalist J. T. Gulick (1832–1923) was the first to use the term "divergent evolution", with its use becoming widespread in modern evolutionary literature. Examples of divergence in nature are the adaptive radiation of the finches of the Galápagos, changes in mobbing behavior of the kittiwake, and the evolution of the modern-day dog from the wolf. The term can also be applied in molecular evolution, such as to proteins that derive from homologous genes. Both ortho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
