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Tribal Disenrollment
In the United States, tribal disenrollment is a process by which a Native American individual loses citizenship or the right to belong within a Native American tribe. Banishment and ostracization have historically been a means to punish wrongdoers and maintain social cohesion in Native American tribes. Many tribes continue to reserve the right to banish individuals, despite legal challenges. Some Native scholars have argued that although belonging in Native nations was historically a matter of kinship, it has become increasingly legalistic. Research found that nearly 80 tribes across 20 states have engaged in disenrollment as of 2016. Some tribal leaders have stated that disenrollments are meant to correct tribal rolls and protect the integrity of the tribe, and others state that disenrollments are politically and economically motivated. Article 9 of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples states: "Indigenous peoples and individuals have the right to belong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The United States asserts sovereignty over five Territories of the United States, major island territories and United States Minor Outlying Islands, various uninhabited islands in Oceania and the Caribbean. It is a megadiverse country, with the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest land area and List of countries and dependencies by population, third-largest population, exceeding 340 million. Its three Metropolitan statistical areas by population, largest metropolitan areas are New York metropolitan area, New York, Greater Los Angeles, Los Angel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Native American Recognition In The United States
Native American recognition in the United States, for tribes, usually means being recognized by the United States federal government as a community of Indigenous people that has been in continual existence since prior to European contact, and which has a sovereign, government-to-government relationship with the Federal government of the United States. In the United States, the Native American tribe is a fundamental unit of sovereign tribal government. This recognition comes with various rights and responsibilities. The United States recognizes the right of these tribes to self-government and supports their tribal sovereignty and self-determination. These tribes possess the right to establish the legal requirements for membership. They may form their own government, enforce laws (both civil and criminal), tax, license and regulate activities, zone, and exclude people from tribal territories. Limitations on tribal powers of self-government include the same limitations applicable ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voter Caging
Voter caging is a colloquial term used in the United States referring to a campaign activity used to remove, or attempt to remove, targeted voters from official lists of registered voters. It occurs when a non-governmental organization, such as a political party or a campaign, sends first-class mail to registered voters, in order to compile a so-called "challenge list" of the names of those whose letters are returned undelivered. The fact that the mail was returned as undeliverable may be seen as either proof, or strong evidence of, the person no longer residing at the address on their voter registration. The challenge list is presented to election officials with the suggestion that the officials should purge these names from the voter registration rolls or to challenge voters' eligibility to vote on the grounds that the voters no longer reside at their registered addresses. The phrase "voter caging" came about as a metaphorical extension of the benign term "caging" that is u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Identity Cleansing
Identity cleansing is defined as "confiscation of personal identification, passports, and other such documents in order to make it difficult or impossible for those driven out to return". Kosovo War During the Kosovo War in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), expelled Kosovo Albanians were systematically stripped of identity and property documents including passports, land titles, vehicle registration plates, identity cards and other documents. In conjunction with the policy of expelling Kosovo Albanians from the province, Yugoslav Army would confiscate all documents that indicated the identity of those being expelled. Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) reports that nearly 60% of respondents to its survey observed the Yugoslav Army removing or destroying personal identification documents. Human Rights Watch (HRW) also documented the common practice of "identity cleansing"; refugees expelled toward Albania were frequently stripped of their identity documents and forced to r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denaturalization
Denaturalization is the loss of citizenship against the will of the person concerned. Denaturalization is often applied to ethnic minorities and political dissidents. Denaturalization can be a penalty for actions considered criminal by the state, often only for errors in the naturalization process such as fraud. Since the 9/11 attacks, the denaturalization of people accused of terrorism has increased. Because of the right to nationality, recognized by multiple international treaties including Article 15 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, denaturalization is often considered a human rights violation. Definition Denaturalization is the case in which citizenship or nationality is revoked by the state against the wishes of the citizen. In practice, there may not be a clear-cut distinction between non-consensual revocation and renunciation of citizenship. Some sources distinguish denaturalization, as the reversal of naturalization, from denationalization, as the revocatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paper Genocide
Paper genocide is the systemic removal of a group of people from historical records, such as censuses, which gives the impression that that group has disappeared or become extinct. A 2023 article published by Cultural Survival defines the term as "intentional destruction of documents and records related to a particular group of people, usually with the intent of erasing their histories and cultures", while a 2019 article in ''National Geographic'' characterizes the term thusly: "Paper genocide means that a people can be made to disappear on paper". The term is often used to refer to government policies regarding Native Americans in the United States and the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean, primarily the Taíno. According to Cultural Survival, paper genocide can lead to Transgenerational trauma, generational and historical trauma for the communities affected. Examples Taíno and indigenous peoples of the Caribbean A common example of a paper genocide is that of the Taí ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Redding Rancheria
The Redding Rancheria is a federally recognized tribe with a reservation in Shasta County, California, Shasta County, Northern California. The of the Redding Rancheria was purchased in 1922 by the Bureau of Indian Affairs in order to provide Indigenous peoples with a place to camp and live. They had been made landless by European-American settlers in the area. Three groups of Indigenous peoples of California, Native Americans in the area organized as a tribe and were recognized in 1979. Description The Redding Rancheria consists of Wintu, Achomawi (Pit River), and Yana people, Yana Indians. It is located in the northern Sacramento Valley, near Redding, California, Redding. Government The Redding Rancheria has a constitution, adopted in 1989, signed by Bob Foreman the First tribal chairman. It is governed by seven Councilors and three Alternate Councilors, elected by the membership. The current tribal administration is as follows. * Tribal Chairman – Jack Potter, Jr. * Vice C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tribal Sovereignty
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflicting theoretical understandings of social and kinship structures, and also reflecting the problematic application of this concept to extremely diverse human societies. Its concept is often contrasted by anthropologists with other social and kinship groups, being hierarchically larger than a lineage or clan, but smaller than a chiefdom, ethnicity, nation or state. These terms are similarly disputed. In some cases tribes have legal recognition and some degree of political autonomy from national or federal government, but this legalistic usage of the term may conflict with anthropological definitions. In the United States (US), Native American tribes are legally considered to have "domestic dependent nation" status within the territorial Uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pechanga Band Of Luiseño Indians
The Pechanga Band of Indians, also known as ''Payómkawichum'' (the People of the West), stand as 1 of 6 federally recognized tribes of Luiseño Indians, currently located in Riverside County, California. The modern understanding of the tribe, Pechanga, meaning "the place where water drips," comes from the displacement of the tribe during their eviction from Temecula in 1875, resulting in movement towards a secluded valley near a spring called Pecháa'a (pechaq for "to drip"). History Pre-European contact Acting as a self-governing population, the Payómkawichum inhabited much of present-day Southern California. Primarily occupied alongside the Kumeyaay nation, Luiseño ancestral territory stretched far, as such loose ownership of land expanded as far north as present-day Riverside, east as present-day Hemet, as south as present-day Carlsbad, and as west as San Nicolas Island. The Pechanga lived in permanent, cone-shaped structures throughout the region, relying heavily on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nooksack People
The Nooksack (; Nooksack: ''Noxwsʼáʔaq'' or ''Nuxwsá7aq'') are a federally recognized Native American tribe near the Pacific Northwest Coast. They are a sovereign nation, located in the mainland northwest corner of Washington state in the United States along the Nooksack River near the small town of Deming (in western Whatcom County), and 12 miles south of the Canadian border. As of 2008, they had more than 1,800 enrolled members. Their terms for citizenship include descent from persons listed in a 1942 tribal census. They are part of the Coast Salish people and have traditionally spoken Nooksack, one of the Salishan family of languages. It is closely related to the Halkomelem language of coastal British Columbia, and at one time was considered a dialect of the latter. At the time of European encounter, the Nooksack people occupied territory extending into present-day British Columbia. But the setting of the border between Canada and the United States split the people in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Native American Tribal Rolls
Native American tribal rolls are records created by the US federal government or by federally recognized American Indian tribes that document citizens of American Indian and Alaska Native tribes and bands, including Freedmen. The Bureau of Indian Affairs historically created a variety of tribal rolls, including allotment rolls, annuity rolls, census rolls, judgement rolls, and removal rolls. Today, tribal rolls are created and maintained directly by tribes themselves. Many tribal rolls have been digitized and are available on the internet, such as the Dawes Rolls, which documents historic citizens of the Five Tribes: the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Seminole, and Muscogee. Rolls by type The US federal government has never created a roll listing all individuals who have American Indian ancestry. However, the Bureau of Indian Affairs has created rolls relating to numerous American Indian and Alaska Native tribes. There are varying types of rolls, including allotment rolls, census ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
