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Treaty With Choctaws And Chickasaws
The Treaty with Choctaws and Chickasaws was a treaty signed on July 12, 1861 between the Choctaw and Chickasaw (two American Indians in the United States, American Indian nations) and the Confederate States of America, Confederate States. At the beginning of the American Civil War, Albert Pike was appointed as Confederate envoy to Native Americans. In this capacity he negotiated several treaties, one of the most important being with Cherokee chief John Ross (Cherokee chief), John Ross, which was concluded in 1861.''Handbook of Texas Online'', s.v. "Pike, Albert," http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fpi18 (accessed September 20, 2021). The treaty was ratified and proclaimed on December 20, 1861 by the Confederacy. The Choctaw and Chickasaw also duly ratified the treaty. Some Choctaws identified with the Confederacy and a few held enslaved people. In addition, they well remembered and resented the Indian removals from 30 years earlier and poor service they received ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Choctaw Treaties
A list is a set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of the list-maker, but lists are frequently written down on paper, or maintained electronically. Lists are "most frequently a tool", and "one does not ''read'' but only ''uses'' a list: one looks up the relevant information in it, but usually does not need to deal with it as a whole".Lucie Doležalová,The Potential and Limitations of Studying Lists, in Lucie Doležalová, ed., ''The Charm of a List: From the Sumerians to Computerised Data Processing'' (2009). Purpose It has been observed that, with a few exceptions, "the scholarship on lists remains fragmented". David Wallechinsky, a co-author of '' The Book of Lists'', described the attraction of lists as being "because we live in an era of overstimulation, especially in terms of information, and lists help us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choctaw In The American Civil War
The Choctaw in the American Civil War participated in two major arenas—the Trans-Mississippi and Western Theaters. The Trans-Mississippi had the Choctaw Nation. The Western had the Mississippi Choctaw. The Choctaw Nation had been mostly removed west prior to the War, but the Mississippi Choctaw had remained in the east. Both the Choctaw Nation and the Mississippi Choctaw would ultimately side with the Confederate States of America. After thirty years of development, the Choctaw Nation had begun to flourish in their new western environment. Their economic system was identical as the American South and based upon slave labor. Their upper class was engaged in the cotton trade with networks reaching as far as New Orleans. Confederate envoy Albert Pike successfully persuaded much of "Indian Country" to side with the newly formed Confederate states. He conducted treaties for the Confederacy and later commanded a combined force of Choctaw, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaties Of The Confederate States Of America
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between sovereign states and/or international organizations that is governed by international law. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms; however, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties may be bilateral (between two countries) or multilateral (involving more than two countries). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations; the first known example is a border agreement between the Sumer, Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in some form by most major civilizations and became increasingly common and more sophisticated during the Early modern period, early modern era. The early 19th century saw developments in diplomacy, foreign policy, and international law reflected by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Territory
Indian Territory and the Indian Territories are terms that generally described an evolving land area set aside by the Federal government of the United States, United States government for the relocation of Native Americans in the United States, Native Americans who held aboriginal title, original Indian title to their land as an independent nation. The concept of an Indian territory was an outcome of the U.S. federal government's 18th- and 19th-century policy of Indian removal. After the Indian Territory in the American Civil War, American Civil War (1861–1865), the policy of the U.S. government was one of Cultural assimilation of Native Americans#Americanization and assimilation (1857–1920), assimilation. Indian Territory later came to refer to an Territories of the United States#Formerly unorganized territories, unorganized territory whose general borders were initially set by the Nonintercourse Act of 1834, and was the successor to the remainder of the Missouri Territory a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Native Americans In The American Civil War
Native Americans in the American Civil War refers to the involvement of various tribes of Native Americans in the United States during the American Civil War. An estimated 20,000 Native Americans fought on both sides in the war, with some reaching high ranks in both armies. Many more helped in support roles, such as supply and sabotage. A majority of Native Americans fought for the Confederacy, in part to protect slavery in Indian Territory Indian Territory and the Indian Territories are terms that generally described an evolving land area set aside by the Federal government of the United States, United States government for the relocation of Native Americans in the United States, ..., as well as a promise by the Confederate government that it would recognize an independent Native American country following the war's conclusion. A large number of Native Americans fought on the side of the Union as well, hoping their support would ensure the federal government's respect of thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Native American History Of Oklahoma
Native may refer to: People * '' Jus sanguinis'', nationality by blood * '' Jus soli'', nationality by location of birth * Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory ** Native Americans (other) In arts and entertainment * Native (band), a French R&B band * Native (comics), a character in the X-Men comics universe * ''Native'' (album), a 2013 album by OneRepublic * ''Native'' (2016 film), a British science fiction film * ''The Native'', a Nigerian music magazine In science * Native (computing), software or data formats supported by a certain system * Native language, the language(s) a person has learned from birth * Native metal, any metal that is found in its metallic form, either pure or as an alloy, in nature * Native species, a species whose presence in a region is the result of only natural processes * List of Australian plants termed "native", whose common name is of the form "native . . . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
July 1861
This year saw significant progress in the Unification of Italy, the outbreak of the American Civil War, and the emancipation reform abolishing serfdom in the Russian Empire. Events January * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City. ** The first steam-powered carousel is recorded, in Bolton, England. * January 2 – Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies, and is succeeded by Wilhelm I. American Civil War: ** January 3 – Delaware votes not to secede from the Union. ** January 9 – Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union. ** January 10 – Florida secedes from the Union. ** January 11 – Alabama secedes from the Union. ** January 12 – Major Robert Anderson sends dispatches to Washington. ** January 19 – Georgia secedes from the Union. ** January 21 – Jefferson Davis resigns from the United States Senate. ** January 26 – Louisiana secedes from the Union. * January 29 – Kansas is admitted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1861 In The Confederate States Of America
This year saw significant progress in the Unification of Italy, the outbreak of the American Civil War, and the Emancipation reform of 1861, emancipation reform abolishing serfdom in the Russian Empire. Events January * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City. ** The first steam-powered carousel is recorded, in Bolton, England. * January 2 – Frederick William IV of Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies, and is succeeded by Wilhelm I of Germany, Wilhelm I. American Civil War: ** January 3 – Delaware votes not to secede from the United States, Union. ** January 9 – Mississippi in the American Civil War, Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union. ** January 10 – Florida in the American Civil War, Florida secedes from the Union. ** January 11 – Alabama in the American Civil War, Alabama secedes from the Union. ** January 12 – Major Robert Anderson (Union officer), Robert Anderson sends dispatches to Was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Treaties Of The Confederate States Of America
This is a list of treaties of the Confederate States of America. The Confederate States of America (CSA) was not officially recognized as a sovereign state by any foreign nation. Thus, the CSA did not enter into any bilateral or multilateral treaties with other states. It was, however, recognized as a belligerent by the United Kingdom, Spain, and Brazil. In 1861, the CSA authorized Albert Pike—the CSA "Commissioner to all the Indian Tribes West of Arkansas and South of Kansas"—to negotiate and conclude treaties with native Indian tribes resident in Indian Territory. Pike concluded nine treaties with Indian tribes between July and October 1861. Each of the nine treaties were ratified by the CSA Congress prior to the end of the year. References *Henry Putney Beers, ''The Confederacy: A Guide to the Archives of the Confederate States of America'' (Washington DC: National Archives and Records Administration, 1968). *Kenny A. Franks, "An Analysis of the Confederate Treaties w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choctaw Freedmen
The Choctaw Freedmen are former enslaved Africans, Afro-Indigenous, and African Americans who were emancipated and granted citizenship in the Choctaw Nation after the Civil War, according to the tribe's new peace treaty of 1866 with the United States. The term also applies to their contemporary descendants. Similarly to some other "American Indian" tribes, the Choctaw had customarily held other Indigenous people hostage and at times, negotiated them to be sold through contracts of indentured servitude. The enslaved individuals were at times taken initially as captives from warfare. As they adopted elements of European culture, such as larger farms and plantations, the elite began to adapt their system to purchasing and holding chattel slave workers of African-American and Afro-Indigenous descent. '' Moshulatubbee'' held slaves, as did many of the European men, generally fur traders, who married into the Choctaw nation. The Folsom and Greenwood LeFlore families were wealth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
