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Treaty Of Bardo
The Treaty of Bardo (, ) or Treaty of Ksar Saïd established a French protectorate over Tunisia that lasted until World War II. It was signed on 12 May 1881 between representatives of France and the Tunisian bey Muhammed as-Sadiq, placing Tunisia under the control of the French Resident-General. The treaty allowed France to control certain geographical areas under the guise of re-establishing order and protecting the Bey from internal opposition and also gave France responsibility for foreign-policy decisions of Tunisia. Later, the Conventions of La Marsa of 8 June 1883 gave France a right to intervene in Tunisia's domestic affairs. Thus subject to the Resident-General’s absolute power, the country lost almost all autonomy not only in external but in practice also in internal affairs. Name The names of the treaty originated with the residence of the Tunis court, Ksar Saïd Palace in Le Bardo, where the Husainid beys had established themselves in the early-18th century. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ACCESS
Access may refer to: Companies and organizations * ACCESS (Australia), an Australian youth network * Access (credit card), a former credit card in the United Kingdom * Access Co., a Japanese software company * Access International Advisors, a hedge fund * AirCraft Casualty Emotional Support Services * Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services * Access, the Alphabet division containing Google Fiber * Access, the Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority's paratransit service Sailing * Access 2.3, a sailing keelboat * Access 303, a sailing keelboat * Access Liberty, a sailing keelboat Television * ''Access Hollywood'', formerly ''Access'', an American entertainment newsmagazine * Access (British TV programme), ''Access'' (British TV programme), a British entertainment television programme * Access (Canadian TV series), ''Access'' (Canadian TV series), a Canadian television series (1974–1982) * Access TV, a former Canadian educational television channel (1973–2011) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khroumire
The Kroumirie (also spelled Khroumirie) is a mountainous region located in northwestern Tunisia and northeastern Algeria. The region is named after its people, the Khumayr (locally ''Khmīr''). The Kroumirie is an eastern extension of the Atlas Mountains. Depending on the definition it encompasses an area of or an area as large as . It has extensive forest cover, over 70% of the trees being cork oak and 20% zean oak. Other species include wild olive and the undergrowth comprises mostly ferns. Owing to a relatively high rainfall it is the most well watered region in Tunisia ( a year). Snowfall is common at higher elevations. In the Roman period, the Kroumirie was crossed by three important roads: that from Carthage to Hippo Regius and those from Simitthu and Vaga to Thabraca (Tabarka). The latter was the port from which the products of the mountains—lumber, wild animals, oil, wheat and minerals—were exported. The Kroumirie is completely unmentioned in written sources fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaties Of Tunisia
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between sovereign states and/or international organizations that is governed by international law. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms; however, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties may be bilateral (between two countries) or multilateral (involving more than two countries). Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations; the first known example is a border agreement between the Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in some form by most major civilizations and became increasingly common and more sophisticated during the early modern era. The early 19th century saw developments in diplomacy, foreign policy, and international law reflected by the widespread use of treat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1881 Treaties
Events January * January 1–January 24, 24 – Siege of Geok Tepe: Russian troops under General Mikhail Skobelev defeat the Turkmen people, Turkomans. * January 13 – War of the Pacific – Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos: The Chilean army defeats Peruvian forces. * January 15 – War of the Pacific – Battle of Miraflores: The Chileans take Lima, capital of Peru, after defeating its second line of defense in Miraflores. * January 24 – William Edward Forster, chief secretary for Ireland, introduces his Coercion Bill, which temporarily suspends habeas corpus so that those people suspected of committing an offence can be detained without trial; it goes through a long debate before it is accepted February 2. Note that Coercion Act#Ireland, Coercion bills had been passed almost annually in the 19th century, with a total of 105 such bills passed from 1801 to 1921. * January 25 – Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1881 In France
Events from the year 1881 in France. Incumbents *President: Jules Grévy *President of the Council of Ministers: Jules Ferry (until 14 November), Charles de Freycinet (starting 14 November) Events * 13 February – First issue of the feminist newspaper ''La Citoyenne'' is published by Hubertine Auclert. * 23 March – A fire caused by a gas explosion destroys the Opéra de Nice with fatalities. * April – Sixth Impressionist exhibition in Paris, at Nadar's studio. * 12 May – Treaty of Bardo is signed between the French Republic and Tunisian bey Muhammed as-Sadiq. Tunisia becomes a French protectorate. * 29 July – Law on the Freedom of the Press is passed. * 15 August–15 November – International Exposition of Electricity staged in Paris. Among new developments demonstrated is Clément Ader's stereophonic théâtrophone. * 13 October – Determined to bring about the revival of the Hebrew language as a way of unifying Jews, Eliezer Ben-Yehuda has what is believed to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1881 In Africa
Events January * January 1–January 24, 24 – Siege of Geok Tepe: Russian troops under General Mikhail Skobelev defeat the Turkmen people, Turkomans. * January 13 – War of the Pacific – Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos: The Chilean army defeats Peruvian forces. * January 15 – War of the Pacific – Battle of Miraflores: The Chileans take Lima, capital of Peru, after defeating its second line of defense in Miraflores. * January 24 – William Edward Forster, chief secretary for Ireland, introduces his Coercion Bill, which temporarily suspends habeas corpus so that those people suspected of committing an offence can be detained without trial; it goes through a long debate before it is accepted February 2. Note that Coercion Act#Ireland, Coercion bills had been passed almost annually in the 19th century, with a total of 105 such bills passed from 1801 to 1921. * January 25 – Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1880s In Tunisia
Year 188 (CLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in the Roman Empire as the Year of the Consulship of Fuscianus and Silanus (or, less frequently, year 941 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 188 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Publius Helvius Pertinax becomes pro-consul of Africa from 188 to 189. Japan * Queen Himiko (or Shingi Waō) begins her reign in Japan (until 248). Births * April 4 – Caracalla (or Antoninus), Roman emperor (d. 217) * Lu Ji (or Gongji), Chinese official and politician (d. 219) * Sun Shao, Chinese general of the Eastern Wu state (d. 241) Deaths * March 17 – Julian, pope and patriarch of Alexandria * Fa Zhen (or Gaoqing), Chinese scholar (b. AD 100) * Lucius Antistius Burrus, Roman politician (executed) * Ma Xiang, Chin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jules Ferry
Jules François Camille Ferry (; 5 April 183217 March 1893) was a French statesman and republican philosopher. He was one of the leaders of the Opportunist Republicans, Moderate Republicans and served as Prime Minister of France from 1880 to 1881 and 1883 to 1885. He was a promoter of Secularism in France, laicism and colonial expansion. Under the French Third Republic, Third Republic, Ferry made primary education free and compulsory through several Jules Ferry laws, new laws. However, he was forced to resign following the Sino-French War in 1885 due to his unpopularity and public opinion against the war. Biography Early life and family Ferry was born in France, in the Vosges (department), Vosges department, to Charles-Édouard Ferry, a lawyer from a family that had established itself in Saint-Dié as Bellfounding, bellmakers, and Adélaïde Jamelet. His paternal grandfather, François-Joseph Ferry, was mayor of Saint-Dié through the Consulate (France), Consulate and the First ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Occupation Of Tunisia
The French conquest of Tunisia occurred in two phases in 1881: the first (28 April – 12 May) consisting of the invasion and securing of the country before the signing of a treaty of protection, and the second (10 June – 28 October) consisting of the suppression of a rebellion. The French protectorate of Tunisia that was established lasted until the independence of Tunisia on 20 March 1956. Context Early contacts Tunisia had been a province of the Ottoman Empire since the Conquest of Tunis (1574), although with great autonomy under the authority of a Bey. In 1770, Brigadier Rafélis de Broves bombarded the cities of Bizerte, Porto Farina and Monastir in retaliation for acts of piracy.. In the 19th century Tunisian commercial contacts with Europe were numerous, and there was a population of French, Italian and British expatriates in the country, that was represented by Consulates. France had also made a major loan to Tunisia in the mid-19th century. The Tunisian gove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algeria
Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to Algeria–Tunisia border, the northeast by Tunisia; to Algeria–Libya border, the east by Libya; to Algeria–Niger border, the southeast by Niger; to Algeria–Western Sahara border, the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to Algeria–Morocco border, the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The capital and List of cities in Algeria, largest city is Algiers, located in the far north on the Mediterranean coast. Inhabited since prehistory, Algeria has been at the crossroads of numerous cultures and civilisations, including the Phoenicians, Numidians, Ancient Rome, Romans, Vandals, and Byzantine Greeks. Its modern identity is rooted in centuries of Arab migrations to the Maghreb, Arab Muslim migration waves since Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, the seventh century and the subsequent Arabization, Arabisation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Article On Treaty Series
Article often refers to: * Article (grammar), a grammatical element used to indicate definiteness or indefiniteness * Article (publishing), a piece of nonfictional prose that is an independent part of a publication Article(s) may also refer to: Government and law * Elements of treaties of the European Union * Articles of association, the regulations governing a company, used in India, the UK and other countries; called articles of incorporation in the US * Articles of clerkship, the contract accepted to become an articled clerk * Articles of Confederation, the predecessor to the current United States Constitution * Article of impeachment, a formal document and charge used for impeachment in the United States * Article of manufacture, in the United States patent law, a category of things that may be patented * Articles of organization, for limited liability organizations, a US equivalent of articles of association Other uses * Article element , in HTML * "Articles", a song ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
