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Trans–São Francisco Languages
The Trans–São Francisco languagesNikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo'. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília. (Portuguese: Transanfranciscano) are a proposed grouping of languages within Macro-Jê. They consist of the Krenák, Maxakalían, and possibly also the Kamakã families. The Trans–São Francisco group was originally proposed and demonstrated by Nikulin and Silva (2020) under the name of Maxakalí-Krenák. They are named after the São Francisco River of Northeast Brazil. Classification Internal classification of Trans–São Francisco by Nikulin (2020): *Trans–São Francisco ** Krenák (Borum) ** Maxakalían ***'' Malalí'' ***Nuclear Maxakalían ****'' Maxakalí'' ****''Ritual Maxakalí''; '' Makoní'' ****'' Pataxó''; '' Pataxó-Hãhãhãe'' ****'' Koropó'' **? Kamakã (possibly part of Trans–São Francisco) ***'' Masakará'' ***Southern Kamakã ****'' Menien'' ****'' Kamakã''; '' Kotoxó''/'' Mongoyó'' Proto-la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
São Francisco River
The São Francisco River (, ) is a large Rivers of Brazil, river in Brazil. With a length of , it is the longest river that runs entirely in Brazilian territory, and the fourth longest in South America and overall in Brazil (after the Amazon River, Amazon, the Paraná River, Paraná and the Madeira River, Madeira). It used to be known as the by the indigenous people before colonisation, and is today also known as . The São Francisco originates in the Serra da Canastra, Canastra mountain range in the central-western part of the state of Minas Gerais. It runs generally north in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, behind the coastal range, draining an area of over , before turning east to form the border between Bahia on the right bank and the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas on the left one. After that, it ends on the boundaries between the states of Alagoas and Sergipe and washes into the Atlantic Ocean. In addition to the five states which the São Francisco directly traver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menién Language
Menién is an extinct language related to Kamakã. It is one of the Macro-Jê languages of Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ....Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo'. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília. References Extinct languages of South America Kamakã languages Indigenous languages of Northeastern Brazil {{Macro-Jê-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kariri Languages
Kiriri people are indigenous peoples of Brazil, indigenous people of Eastern Brazil. Their name is also spelled Cariri or Kariri and comes from the Tupi language, Tupi word meaning "silent" or "taciturn". History The French Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, Capuchin missionary Martin of Nantes (1638–1714) was the apostle of the Kariri people on the São Francisco River between 1672 and 1683. The various Kariri peoples were settled in different towns (''aldeia'') and villages (''vila''), listed as follows.DANTAS, Beatriz G., SAMPAIO, José Augusto L. and CARVALHO, Maria do Rosário G. "Os Povos Indígenas no Nordeste Brasileiro: Um Esboço Histórico". In: M. Carneiro da Cunha (org.), História dos Índios no Brasil. São Paulo: FAPESP/SMC/ Companhia das Letras. pp. 431-456. 1992. Territory Today a large portion of their traditional homelands is still called the Cariris region. Within this region are two cities, Crato, Ceará, Crato and Juazeiro do Norte. The Chapada Diamanti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Brasília
A university () is an institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. The first universities in Europe were established by Catholic monks. The University of Bologna (), Italy, which was founded in 1088, is the first university in the sense of: *being a high degree-awarding institute. *using the word (which was coined at its foundation). *having independence from the ecclesiastic schools and issuing secular as well as non-secular degrees (with teaching conducted by both clergy and non-clergy): grammar, rhetoric, logic, theology, canon law and notarial law.Hunt Janin: "The university in medieval life, 1179–1499", McFarland, 2008, , p. 55f.de Ridder-Symoens, Hilde''A History of the University in Europe: Volume 1, Universities in the M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Čestmír Loukotka
Čestmír Loukotka (12 November 1895 – 13 April 1966) was a Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovak linguist and ethnologist. His daughter was Jarmila Loukotková. Career Loukotka proposed a Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas#Loukotka (1968), classification for the languages of South America based on several previous works. This classification contained many unpublished materials and therefore greatly improved upon previous classifications. He divided the languages of South America and the Caribbean into 77 different families, based upon similarities of vocabulary and available lists. His classification of 1968 is the most influential and was based upon two previous schemes (1935, 1944), which were similar to those proposed by Paul Rivet (whom he was a student of), although the number of families was increased to 94 and 114. *reviewed in References 1895 births 1958 deaths Linguists from Czechoslovakia Historical linguists Linguists of Indigenous lang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kotoxó Language
Kotoxó (Cotoxo, Kotosho; also Kutasho or Catethoy) is an extinct language closely related to Kamakã. It was one of the Macro-Jê languages spoken in Bahia, Brazil.Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo'. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília. Geographical distribution It was once spoken in an area roughly between the Pardo River and De Contas River The De Contas River (Portuguese: Rio de Contas) is a river of Bahia state in eastern Brazil. In Portuguese, it is sometimes erroneously called "''Rio das Contas''". It is the main river of the hydrographic basin named after him. Its source is in .... References Extinct languages of South America Kamakã languages Indigenous languages of Northeastern Brazil {{Macro-Jê-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamakã Language
The Kamakã language (Kamakan), or Ezeshio, is an extinct language of a small family, belonging to the Macro-Jê languages of Brazil.Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo'. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília. Kotoxó and Mongoyó/Mangaló are sometimes included as dialects. Classification Kamakã is a Macro-Jê language. It was spoken by several groups of indigenous peoples who lived in Bahia Bahia () is one of the 26 Federative units of Brazil, states of Brazil, located in the Northeast Region, Brazil, Northeast Region of the country. It is the fourth-largest Brazilian state by population (after São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Mina ..., including the Kamakã, Mongoyó, Menién, Kotoxó and Masakará.Rivail Ribeiro et van der Voort 2010, p. 547. Phonology * /ə/ can also be realized as a back vowel sound * /ɾ/ can be in free variation with a fricative and a lateral * /n/ is heard as when preceding /k/. References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
