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Trajan's First Dacian War
Trajan's First Dacian War took place from 101 to 102. The Kingdom of Dacia, under King Decebalus, had become a threat to the Roman Empire, and defeated several of Rome's armies during Domitian's reign (81–96). Despite the peace treaty established after Domitian's Dacian War, Trajan was set on ridding their new threat to Rome's power and in 101 set out determined to defeat Dacia. After a year of heavy fighting, King Decebalus came to terms and accepted peace. Preparation Trajan spent the winter of 98 and the following year with the army in Moesia where he worked out careful plans. Some actions may have been: * a fortified pontoon bridge at the old fording-point at Drobeta-Turnu Severin-Kostol * preparation of the military river fleet * reorganisation of military forts on the northern bank of the Danube * major building for accommodation for the forces * improvement and reconstruction of the towpath and military road along the narrow Iron Gates gorge * canals to enable nava ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trajan's Dacian Wars
Trajan's Dacian Wars (101–102, 105–106) were two military campaigns fought between the Roman Empire and Dacia during Roman Emperor, Emperor Trajan's rule. The conflicts were triggered by the constant Dacian threat on the Danube, Danubian Roman Province, province of Moesia and also by the increasing need for resources of the economy of the Empire. Background Throughout the 1st century, Roman policy dictated that threats from neighbouring nations and provinces were to be contained promptly. Dacia had been on the Roman agenda since before the days of Caesar when the Dacians defeated a Roman army at the Battle of Histria. Domitian's Dacian War had re-established peace with Dacia in 89 AD. However, the Dacian king Decebalus used the Roman annual subsidy of 8 million sestercesJones (1992), p150. and craftsmen in trades devoted to both peace and war, and war machines intended to defend the empire's borders to fortify his own defences instead. Despite some co-operation on the dip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legio X Gemina
Legio X Gemina ("10th Twin(s) Legion" in English), was a Roman legion, which was active during the late Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire as part of the Imperial Roman army. It was one of the four legions used by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, during the Roman invasion of Gaul. After being briefly disbanded, the legion was reconstituted by Augustus (also known as Octavian) and fought on the side of the Second Triumvirate during the Liberators' Civil War and later on the side of Augustus during the War of Actium which ended the Crisis of the Roman Republic. The legion remained active for centuries, with surviving records of its continued existence in Vienna as late as the 5th century AD. The legion's symbol was a bull. Early on in its history, the legion was called X ''Equestris'' (''mounted''), because Caesar once used the legionaries as cavalry. Etymology In the Latin language, "gemina" can refer to either "female twin" or "neuter twins." Male twin (referring to one tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnaeus Pompeius Longinus
Gnaeus Pompeius Longinus (died 105) was a Roman senator and general. He was the 5th legate of Judaea from 85 to 89 and held the suffect consulship in the ''nundinium'' of September–October 90 as the colleague of Lucius Albius Pullaienus Pollio. He was deceived into a trap by Decebalus during Trajan's Second Dacian War, and rather than provide an advantage to the Dacian king, killed himself. Life His full name was Gnaeus Pinarius Aemilius Cicatricula Pompeius Longinus. Arthur Stein first suggested the identification of his birth father was the Pompeius Longinus, military tribune of the Praetorian guard in 69, mentioned by Tacitus; this identification was also proposed by Ronald Syme. Salomies concurs in this identification, while proposing that his adoptive parent was Gnaeus Pinarius Aemilius Cicatricula, governor of Africa in 80. Syme also proposes that, based on his ''gentilicium'', Longinus may have originated in Gallia Narbonensis, but Edward Dabrowa notes that the same c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lusius Quietus
Lusius Quietus (, ; , ) was a Roman Berber general and 11th legate of Judaea from 117. He was the principal commander against the Jewish rebellion known as the Kitos War (''Kitos'' is a later corruption of ''Quietus''). He was notably one of the most important Berber statesmen in ancient Roman history. After the death of the emperor Trajan, Quietus was murdered or executed, possibly on the orders of Trajan's successor Hadrian. Life Originally a Berber prince, Lusius' father and his warriors had supported the Roman legions in their attempt to subdue Mauretania Tingitana (northern modern-day Morocco) during Aedemon's revolt in 40. Citizen and commander His father's service to Rome, on a notoriously difficult frontier, was honoured with the gift of Roman citizenship for him and his family. His son Lusius later joined the Roman army and served as an auxiliary officer in the Roman cavalry. For outstanding service, emperor Domitian rewarded him with equestrian rank but later had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quintus Sosius Senecio
Quintus Sosius Senecio ( 1st century AD) was a Roman senator who was favored by the emperors Domitian and Trajan. As a result of this relationship, he was twice ordinary consul, an unusual and prestigious honor: first in 99, with Aulus Cornelius Palma Frontonianus as his colleague; and again in 107 as the colleague of Lucius Licinius Sura, who was himself consul for the third time. Career Senecio's origins are unknown. He has been identified as the subject of an inscription where the name of the subject is lost, which provides us his ''cursus honorum''. The earliest office recorded on this inscription was ''quattuorviri viarum curandarum'', one of the four boards that comprised the '' vigintiviri''; membership in one of these was a required first step toward a gaining entry into the Roman Senate. His next recorded office was as quaestor of the senatorial province of Achaea; upon completion of this traditional Republican magistracy he would be enrolled in the Senate. The inscr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Licinius Sura
Lucius Licinius Sura was an influential Roman Senator from Tarraco, Hispania, a close friend of the Emperor Trajan and three times consul, in a period when three consulates were very rare for non-members of the Imperial family. The dates of two of these consulates are certain: in 102 and 107 AD he was ''consul ordinarius''; the date of his first consulate, as a suffect consul has been debated. Fausto Zevi postulated that he was also suffect consul in 97, based on a plausible restoration of part of the '' Fasti Ostienses'', which reads ''"..]us"''. However, two more recently recovered fragments of military diplomas show that the name of this consul is L. Pomponius Maternus, who is otherwise unknown. Most authorities have returned to endorsing C.P. Jones' surmise that Sura was consul for the first time in the year 93. However, Werner Eck now regards him as the likely colleague of Tacitus for the last ''nundinum'' of 97. Sura was a correspondent of Pliny the Younger. Life He was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiberius Claudius Livianus
Tiberius Claudius Livianus was an '' eques'' and general who was appointed ''praetorian prefect'' by Trajan, playing an important role in his First Dacian War, and continued as prefect into the reign of Hadrian. His full name, as attested in an inscription found in Rome, is Tiberius Julius Aquilinus Castricius Saturninus Claudius Livianus. Ronald Syme argues that Livianus came from Sidyma in Lycia, "where his presumed parent made a dedication to Claudius Caesar."Syme"Guard Prefects of Trajan and Hadrian" ''Journal of Roman Studies'', 70 (1980), p. 79 Based on his full, polyonomous name, Syme further suggests two relatives for Livianus: he shares the first three elements of his name with the procurator of Rhaetia around 107, Tiberius Julius Aquilinus; he also shares the fourth and fifth elements with a procurator of Africa in office c. 85, Castricius Saturninus. Life The earliest historical mention of Livianus is in the epigrams of Martial. The subject of one epigram from book ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moesia Superior
Moesia (; Latin: ''Moesia''; ) was an ancient region and later Roman province situated in the Balkans south of the Danube River. As a Roman domain Moesia was administered at first by the governor of Noricum as 'Civitates of Moesia and Triballia'. It included most of the territory of modern eastern Serbia, Kosovo, north-eastern Albania, northern parts of North Macedonia (Moesia Superior), Northern Bulgaria, Romanian Dobruja and small parts of Southern Ukraine (Moesia Inferior). Geography In ancient geographical sources, Moesia was bounded to the south by the Haemus (Balkan Mountains) and Scardus (Šar) mountains, to the west by the Drinus (Drina) river, on the north by the Donaris (Danube) and on the east by the Euxine (Black Sea). History The region of Moesia was inhabited chiefly by Thracian, Illyrian, and Thraco-Illyrian peoples. The name of the region comes from Moesi, the Latin name of a Thracian tribe who lived there before the Roman conquest. Parts of Moesi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viminacium
Viminacium (also ''Viminatium)'' was a major city, military camp, and the capital of the Roman Empire, Roman province of Moesia (modern-day Serbia). Following the division of Moesia in 87, following Domitian's Domitian's Dacian War, Dacian War, it became the capital of Moesia Superior. As of 2018, only 3-4% of the site has been explored. The site is located from the modern town of Kostolac in Eastern Serbia. The city dates back to the 1st century AD, and at its peak it is believed to have had 40,000 inhabitants, making it one of the biggest cities in the Balkans of that time. It lies on the Roman road ''Via Militaris''. Viminacium was devastated by Huns in the 5th century, but was later rebuilt by Justinian. It was completely destroyed with the Migration Period, arrival of Slavs in the 6th century. Today, the archaeological site occupies a total of , and contains remains of temples, streets, squares, amphitheatres, palaces, hippodromes and Roman baths. Viminacium holds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iader
Zadar ( , ), historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian, ; see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited city in Croatia. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar serves as the seat of Zadar County and of the wider northern Dalmatian region. The city proper covers with a population of 75,082 , making it the second-largest city of the region of Dalmatia and the fifth-largest city in the country. Today, Zadar is a historical center of Dalmatia, Zadar County's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, educational, and transportation centre. Zadar is also the episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Zadar. Because of its rich heritage, Zadar is today one of the most popular Croatian tourist destinations, named "entertainment center of the Adriatic" by ''The Times'' and "Croatia's new capital of cool" by ''The Guardian''. UNESCO's World Heritage Site list included the fortified city of Zadar as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
