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Traforo Del Gran Sasso
The Gran Sasso Tunnel is part of the Autostrada A24 (Italy), A24 Motorway that links Rome and the Adriatic Sea via L'Aquila and Teramo, through the Apennine Mountains via the Gran Sasso in Abruzzo. There are two tunnels, each with two lanes for each direction, 10,176 metres long. Construction started on November 14, 1968. The eastbound tunnel (to Teramo) opened on December 1, 1984 while the westbound tunnel (to L'Aquila) opened in 1995. Costs for the entire project amounted to approximately 1,700 billion Italian liras (nearly €890 million) - instead of the initially foreseen 80 billion Italian liras, due to unforeseen circumstances. The tunnels host the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, the largest underground research center in the world. This underground laboratories are used by the INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - National Nuclear Physics Laboratory) for experiments that require a low background environment in the fields of astroparticle physics and nuclear a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assergi
Assergi is a frazione of the comune of L'Aquila, located about from the capital. With a population of just over 500, it is situated at an altitude of approximately 1,000 meters, below the western slope of the Gran Sasso d'Italia, Gran Sasso in a small plain called the ''Piana di Assergi ''(Plain of Assergi). Assergi was formerly included in the comune of Camarda, which is directly to its south. Assergi is located entirely within the Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park, and also contains the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, a national laboratory of nuclear physics. Also in Assergi is the base of the Funivia del Gran Sasso d'Italia, a cable car that leads to the Campo Imperatore. History The area around Assergi was settled by the Vestini, a local tribe. These origins are evident in the ruins of the town of ''Prifernum'', situated near the current site of Assergi. Likely abandoned by the second century BC, it was reestablished in Ancient Rome, Roman times as the sma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astroparticle Physics
Astroparticle physics, also called particle astrophysics, is a branch of particle physics that studies elementary particles of astrophysical origin and their relation to astrophysics and cosmology. It is a relatively new field of research emerging at the intersection of particle physics, astronomy, astrophysics, detector physics, relativity, solid state physics, and cosmology. Partly motivated by the discovery of neutrino oscillation, the field has undergone rapid development, both theoretically and experimentally, since the early 2000s. History The field of astroparticle physics is evolved out of optical astronomy. With the growth of detector technology came the more mature astrophysics, which involved multiple physics subtopics, such as mechanics, electrodynamics, thermodynamics, plasma physics, nuclear physics, relativity, and particle physics. Particle physicists found astrophysics necessary due to difficulty in producing particles with comparable energy to those found in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scenic Route
A scenic route, tourist road, tourist drive, scenic byway, or holiday road is a specially designated road or waterway that travels through an area of natural or cultural beauty. It often passes by scenic viewpoints. The designation is usually determined by a governmental body, such as a Department of Transportation or a Ministry of Transport. Tourist highway A tourist highway, tourist route, or holiday route is a road that is marketed as being particularly suited for tourists. Tourist highways may be formed when existing roads are promoted with traffic signs and advertising material. Some tourist highways such as the Blue Ridge Parkway are built especially for tourism purposes. Others may be roadways enjoyed by local citizens in areas of unique or exceptional natural beauty, such as the Lake District. Still others, such as the Lincoln Highway in Illinois are former main roads, only designated as "scenic" after most traffic bypasses them (termed scenic highway in the United St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Longest Road Tunnels
This page presents a list of the longest road tunnels of the world. This page lists all road tunnels longer than . World's longest road tunnels in use Under construction Timeline of world record lengths See also * List of longest tunnels * List of long tunnels by type This page presents the same tunnels as in list of tunnels by length in separate lists according to the different tunnel types. Rail Note: ''This list only contains tunnels that are longer than .'' Under construction Note: ''This list only con ... * List of long road tunnels in China Notes References {{Structural extremes * *Road Tunnels, road Tunnels, road Tunnels, road Longest road tunnels ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ryfylke Tunnel
The Ryfylke Tunnel () is an undersea road tunnel in Rogaland county, Norway. It is part of the Norwegian National Road 13 running between Stavanger and Ryfylke (district) under the Horgefjord (part of the Boknafjord). The tunnel is part of the Ryfast project. It is long and is currently the world's longest subsea road tunnel, and the deepest tunnel of any kind. Both records are expected to be surpassed by Rogfast, which is projected to open in 2033. The tunnel is designed for 10,000 vehicles per day and is built with one tube for each traffic-direction, and two vehicular lanes in each tube. The entrance on the Ryfylke side is located about north of Solbakk in Strand municipality (just south of Tau). The entrance on the "city side" is on Hundvåg island in Stavanger municipality. Construction began in 2013, and the tunnel opened on 30 December 2019. A half marathon was held in the tunnel on 5 October 2019. Toll charging At the time of opening the tunnel had a toll Tol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mont Blanc Tunnel
The Mont Blanc Tunnel (, ) is a highway tunnel between France and Italy, under Mont Blanc in the Alps. It links Chamonix, Haute-Savoie, France with Courmayeur, Aosta Valley, Italy, via the French Route Nationale 205 and the Italian Traforo T1 (forming the European route E25), in particular the motorways serving Geneva ( A40 of France) and Turin ( A5 of Italy). The passageway is one of the major trans-Alpine transport routes, particularly for Italy, which relies on this tunnel for transporting as much as one-third of its freight to northern Europe. It reduces the route from France to Turin by and to Milan by . Northeast of Mont Blanc's summit, the tunnel is about southwest of the tripoint with Switzerland, near Mont Dolent. The agreement between France and Italy on building a tunnel was signed in 1949. Two operating companies were founded, each responsible for one half of the tunnel: the French ''Autoroutes et tunnel du Mont-Blanc'' (ATMB), founded on 30 April 1958, and the I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fréjus Road Tunnel
The Fréjus Road Tunnel (, ) is a tunnel that connects France and Italy. It runs under Col du Fréjus in the Cottian Alps between Modane in France and Bardonecchia in Italy. It is one of the major trans-Alpine transport routes between France and Italy being used for 80% of the commercial road traffic. Construction of the long tunnel started in 1974, and it came into service on 12 July 1980, leading to the closure of the motorail shuttle service in the Fréjus rail tunnel. It cost 2 billion francs (equivalent to €700 million at 2005 prices). It is the thirteenth longest road tunnel in the world and the longest road tunnel that crosses an international border. The French section is managed by the French company SFTRF, and the Italian section by the Italian company SITAF. (The French politician Pierre Dumas was chairman of SFTRF from 1962 to 1989). The tunnel can be reached from the Italian side by the A32 Torino-Bardonecchia motorway, or by SS335 from Oulx, which join ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Astrophysics
Nuclear astrophysics studies the origin of the chemical elements and isotopes, and the role of nuclear energy generation, in cosmic sources such as stars, supernovae, novae, and violent binary-star interactions. It is an interdisciplinary part of both nuclear physics and astrophysics, involving close collaboration among researchers in various subfields of each of these fields. This includes, notably, nuclear reactions and their rates as they occur in cosmic environments, and modeling of astrophysical objects where these nuclear reactions may occur, but also considerations of cosmic evolution of isotopic and elemental composition (often called chemical evolution). Constraints from observations involve multiple messengers, all across the electromagnetic spectrum ( nuclear gamma-rays, X-rays, optical, and radio/sub-mm astronomy), as well as isotopic measurements of solar-system materials such as meteorites and their stardust inclusions, cosmic rays, material deposits on Earth and M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
INFN
The Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN; "National Institute for Nuclear Physics") is the coordinating institution for nuclear, particle, theoretical and astroparticle physics in Italy. History INFN was founded on the 8th of August 1951, to further the nuclear physics research tradition initiated by Enrico Fermi in Rome, in the 1930s. The INFN collaborates with CERN, Fermilab and various other laboratories in the world. In recent years it has provided important contributions to grid computing. During the latter half of the 1950s, the INFN designed and constructed the first Italian electron accelerator—the electron synchrotron developed in Frascati. In the early 1960s, it also constructed in Frascati the first ever electron-positron collider ( ADA - ''Anello Di Accumulazione''), under the scientific leadership of Bruno Touschek. In 1968, Frascati began operating ADONE (''big'' AdA), which was the first high-energy particle collider, having a beam energy of 1.5 GeV. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casale San Nicola
Casale may refer to: *''Casalis'', medieval Latin for a group of houses in the countryside Places in Italy Communes * Casal di Principe in the province of Caserta, Campania * Casal Velino in the province of Salerno, Campania * Casalattico, when part of the Duchy of Sora, was known as Casale * Casale Borgone, former name of Casalborgone in the province of Turin, Piedmont * Casale Corte Cerro in the province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, Piedmont * Casale Cremasco-Vidolasco in the province of Cremona, Lombardy * Casale di Scodosia in the province of Padua, Veneto * Casale Grande, former name of Casalgrande, near Modena in the province of Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna * Casale Litta in the province of Varese, Lombardy * Casale Maggiore, former name of Casalmaggiore in the province of Cremona, Lombardy * Casale Marittimo in the province of Pisa, Tuscany * Casale Monferrato in the province of Alessandria, Piedmont ** Casale F.B.C., an association football club * Casale sul Sile in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laboratori Nazionali Del Gran Sasso
Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) is the largest underground research center in the world. Situated below Gran Sasso mountain in Italy, it is well known for particle physics research by the INFN. In addition to a surface portion of the laboratory, there are extensive underground facilities beneath the mountain. The nearest towns are L'Aquila and Teramo. The facility is located about 120 km from Rome. The primary mission of the laboratory is to host experiments that require a low background environment in the fields of astroparticle physics and nuclear astrophysics and other disciplines that can profit of its characteristics and of its infrastructures. The LNGS is, like the three other European underground astroparticle laboratories ( Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane, Laboratorio subterráneo de Canfranc, and Boulby Underground Laboratory), a member of the coordinating group ILIAS. Facilities The laboratory consists of a surface facility, located within the G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gran Sasso
Gran Sasso d'Italia (; ) is a massif in the Apennine Mountains of Italy. Its highest peak, Corno Grande , is the highest mountain in the Apennines, and the second-highest mountain in Italy outside the Alps. The mountain lies within Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park. Geography The three main summits of the Gran Sasso are Corno Grande, which at is the highest peak in the Apennines, nearby ''Corno Piccolo'', and ''Pizzo d'Intermesoli'', which is separated from the other two peaks by Val Maone, a deep valley. Corno Grande and Corno Piccolo's ash coloration come from their limestone and dolomite composition. The peaks are snow-covered for much of the year though the snow cover appears to be less each decade. Corno Piccolo is referred to as, "The Sleeping Giant". This is due to the appearance of a profile of a reclined face. This view of Corno Piccolo is evident when viewing the mountain from Pietracamela, a small town near Prati di Tivo, on the north side of the mountai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
