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Trade Policy Of China
China is the world's largest exporter, a position it has maintained continuously since 2010. It is the largest trading partner of over 120 countries, as of at least early 2024. As a member of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), China is part of the world's largest trading bloc. China began promoting overseas investment through the Go Out policy, which Jiang Zemin formally announced as a national strategy in 2000. After its 2001 entry into the World Trade Organization, China focused on export-led growth and became a major link in global supply chains. Through this process, China developed large trade surpluses and foreign currency reserves. History In 1999, the Chinese government began promoting investment abroad through the Go Out policy 2006年03月15日 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Go Out Policy
Go Out policy () or the Going Global Strategy is the People's Republic of China's current strategy to encourage its enterprises to invest overseas. The policy was announced as a national strategy by Jiang Zemin in March 2000. History China's Two Markets, Two Resources policy predated the Go Out policy and subsequently regarded as related to the Go Out policy. Two Markets, Two Resources, emphasizes leveraging domestic supply sources of resources (including through increased investment in prospecting and mining) and international sources of resources (through various strategies, including foreign acquisition, investment, short-term purchasing, and long-term purchase contracts). Also related, the One Third, One Third, One Third policy prescribes that in procuring natural resources, one third of China's supply should come from domestic production, one third from direct procurement contracts, and one third from foreign acquisitions. Jiang Zemin first began encouraging domestic enterp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Columbia University Press
Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ..., and affiliated with Columbia University. Founded in 1893, it is currently directed by Jennifer Crewe (2014–present) and publishes titles in the humanities and sciences, including the fields of literary and cultural studies, history, social work, sociology, religion, film, and international studies. History Columbia University Press was founded in May 1893. In 1933, the first four volumes of the ''History of the State of New York'' were published. In the early 1940s, the Press' revenues rose, partially thanks to the ''Encyclopedia'' and the government's purchase of 12,500 copies for use by the military. Columbia University Press is notable for publishing r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambodia–China Relations
The bilateral relations between the Kingdom of Cambodia and the People's Republic of China have strengthened considerably after the end of the Cambodian–Vietnamese War, during which China had supported the Khmer Rouge against Vietnam. History Although the countries share no common border, China has had a historic cultural and commercial relationship with Cambodia. The 950,000 Chinese in Cambodia constitute 3-5% of Cambodia's population, and although they were discriminated against by the Khmer Rouge and the Vietnamese, they have re-emerged as a prominent business community. The first contacts between China and the Khmer Empire of Cambodia occurred in the Tang period, and for centuries onward the two countries shared a strong trading relationship. A Chola-Song-Khmer trade axis dominated trade in the east for much of the 11th and 12th centuries. Yuan Chinese accounts of the Cambodian kingdom proved to be crucial to uncovering the history of the region. Cambodia maintained ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bangladesh–China Relations
Bangladesh–China relations are the bilateral relations of Bangladesh and China. China has an embassy in Dhaka and Bangladesh has one in Beijing and consulates in Hong Kong and Kunming. Both countries are members of the BCIM Forum (Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Forum for Regional Cooperation). According to Chinese government designations, Bangladesh and China are in a "comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership". Country comparison History Bengal and Imperial China Chinese monks, scholars and traders began frequenting Mantriparishad, Bengal (Tosali Province) from the Qin dynasty period. Famous ancient Chinese travelers to Bengal included Faxian, Yijing (monk) and Xuanzang. During the Pala Empire of Bengal, Atisa of Bikrampur traveled to Tibet and played an important role in developing Tibetan Buddhism. In 648, a companion of Muhammad, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, who is credited have introduced Islam in China, is said to have followed a route via the Brahmaputra. Evidence rem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afghanistan–China Relations
Diplomatic relations between Afghanistan and China were established in the 18th century, when Afghanistan was ruled by Ahmad Shah Durrani and China by Qianlong. But trade relations between these nations date back to at least the Han dynasty with the profitable Silk Road. Presently, China has an embassy in Kabul and Afghanistan has one in Beijing. The two countries share a border. During the 20th century, China extended economic aid and multi-million dollar of loans to develop Afghanistan during the early Cold War period. This friendship was briefly interrupted after the Sino-Soviet split and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979), with the USSR installing pro-Soviet and anti-Chinese regimes in Afghanistan. However, since the withdrawal of Soviet troops and détente of Soviet and subsequent Russian-Chinese relations, China-Afghan relations have also improved significantly in the 21st century. During the recent NATO war in Afghanistan, Chinese political involvement initially has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China–Solomon Islands Relations
Solomon Islands and the People's Republic of China established official diplomatic relations in 2019. Prior to this, Solomon Islands had diplomatic relations with the Republic of China, otherwise known as Taiwan. Since December 2023, the ambassador of China to Solomon Islands is Cai Weiming. As of 28 December 2023, the ambassador of Solomon Islands to China is Barrett Salato. History Solomon Islands, formerly the British Solomon Islands Protectorate, gained its independence in 1978 and became known as Solomon Islands. Five years later, in 1983, Solomon Islands established diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (ROC) which it maintained until 2019 when Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare severed the 36-year relationship with the Taiwanese government and began official recognition and diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC). The Guardian and national newspaper the Solomon Star reported that Solomon Islands MPs had claimed both the PRC and ROC had of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China–Kiribati Relations
The Republic of Kiribati and the People's Republic of China (PRC) established diplomatic relations on June 25, 1980, and resumed on September 27, 2019. Between 2003 and 2019, The government of Kiribati recognized the Republic of China, and, in accordance with the "One China" policy, the People's Republic of China did not have diplomatic relations to the country. Context Oceania is, to the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan), a stage for continuous diplomatic competition. Eight states in Oceania recognize the PRC, and six recognise the ROC. These numbers fluctuate as Pacific Island nations re-evaluate their foreign policies, and occasionally shift diplomatic recognition between Beijing and Taipei. In keeping with the "One China" policy, it is not possible for any country to maintain official diplomatic relations with "both Chinas", and this "either/or" factor has resulted in the PRC and the ROC actively courting diplomatic favours from small Pacific natio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China–Yemen Relations
China–Yemen relations refer to the bilateral relations of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Yemen. The two countries established formal diplomatic relations in 1956 and signed a treaty of friendship in 1958, with an agreement to cooperate in commercial, technical and cultural development. History Yemen established formal diplomatic relations with the PRC on 24 September 1956 and was the third Arab country to do so. China and Yemen also entered into trade agreements and cultural agreements at that time. As part of its strategy of countering Soviet influence in the region, China provided aid to both North Yemen and South Yemen. In a 1958 agreement, China issued Yemen an interest-free loan of 70 million Swiss francs with which Yemen could purchase supplies from China. At the same time, the city of Beijing provided an interest-free loan of $16.3 million to help fund development projects in Yemen. Another treaty of friendship was signed on June 9, 1964, along with additi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Africa–China Economic Relations
Economic relations between China and Africa, one part of more general Africa–China relations, began in the 7th century and continue through the present day. Currently, China seeks resources for its growing consumption, and African countries seek funds to develop their infrastructure. Large-scale projects, often accompanied by a soft loan, are proposed to African countries rich in natural resources. China commonly funds the construction of infrastructure such as roads and railroads, dams, ports, and airports. Sometimes, Chinese state-owned firms build large-scale infrastructure in African countries in exchange for access to minerals or hydrocarbons, such as oil. In those resource-for-infrastructure contracts, countries in Africa use those minerals and hydrocarbons directly as a way to pay for the infrastructure built by Chinese firms. While relations are mainly conducted through diplomacy and trade, military support via the provision of arms and other equipment is also a major ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Relations Of China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), has full diplomatic relations with 180 out of the other 192 United Nations member states, Cook Islands, Niue and the State of Palestine. , China has had the most diplomatic missions of any state. China officially claims it "unswervingly pursues an independent foreign policy of peace". The fundamental goals of this policy are to preserve China's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity, create a favorable international environment for China's reform and opening up and modernization of construction, and to maintain world peace and propel common development." An example of a foreign policy decision guided by "sovereignty and territorial integrity" is not engaging in diplomatic relations with any country that recognizes the Republic of China (Taiwan), which the PRC does not recognise as a separate nation. China is a member of many international organizations, holding key positions such as a permanent membershi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Least Developed Countries
The least developed countries (LDCs) are developing countries listed by the United Nations that exhibit the lowest indicators of socioeconomic development. The concept of LDCs originated in the late 1960s and the first group of LDCs was listed by the UN in its resolution 2768 (XXVI) on 18 November 1971. A country is classified among the Least Developed Countries if it meets three criteria:UN-OHRLLS . * Poverty – adjustable criterion based on Gross national income (GNI) per capita averaged over three years. , a country must have GNI per capita less than US$1,025 to be included on the list, and over $1,230 to graduate from it. * Human resource weakness (based on indicators of nutrition, health, education and adult literacy). * Economic vulnerability (based on instability of agricultural production, instability of exports of goods and services, economic importance of non-traditional activities, merchandise export concentration, handicap of economic smallness, and the percenta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China International Development Cooperation Agency
The China International Development Cooperation Agency (CIDCA), branded as China Aid, is the foreign aid and international development agency of China. It is a deputy ministerial-level agency affiliated with the State Council of China, State Council. Its headquarters are in Dongcheng, Beijing, Dongcheng District. History On 17 March 2018, the first session of the 13th National People's Congress adopted a plan as part of the deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions that stipulated the creation of CIDCA. On 18 April 2018, the CIDCA held an unveiling ceremony at which director of the Central Foreign Affairs Commission Offıce Yang Jiechi and Minister of Foreign Affairs (China), Minister of Foreign Affairs Wang Yi (politician), Wang Yi delivered a speech. After the unveiling ceremony, the CIDCA held its founding meeting. The agency was created to "achieve better coordination and greater impact" of Chinese foreign aid, China's aid programs, particularly in support ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
