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Trade Boards Act 1918
The Trade Boards Act 1918 (8 & 9 Geo. 5. c. 32) was an Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom, Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that heavily shaped the post-World War I system of UK labour law, particularly regarding collective bargaining and the establishment of minimum wages. It was the result of the second of five Whitley Committee reports. Background The 1918 extended the piecemeal system for tackling sweated labour begun under the Trade Boards Act 1909. The Second Reading took place on 17 June 1918.Hansard HC Deb 17 June 1918 vol 10col 61/ref> It received royal assent on 8 August 1918. Contents Case law *''Pauley v Kenaldo Ld'' [1953] 1 W.L.R. 187 *''Hulland v William Sanders & Son'' [1945] K.B. 78, extension of terms *''National Association of Local Government Officers v Bolton Corp'' [1943] A.C. 166 *''Nathan v Gulkoff & Levy Ltd'' [1933] Ch. 809 *''R v Minister of Labour Ex p. National Trade Defence Association'' [1932] 1 K.B. 1 *''France v James Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
8 & 9 Geo
8 (eight) is the natural number following 7 and preceding 9. Etymology English ''eight'', from Old English '', æhta'', Proto-Germanic ''*ahto'' is a direct continuation of Proto-Indo-European numerals, Proto-Indo-European '':wikt:Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/oḱtṓw, *oḱtṓ(w)-'', and as such cognate with Greek and Latin , both of which stems are reflected by the English prefix :wikt:oct-, oct(o)-, as in the ordinal adjective ''octaval'' or ''octavary'', the distributive adjective is ''octonary''. The adjective ''octuple'' (Latin ) may also be used as a noun, meaning "a set of eight items"; the diminutive ''octuplet'' is mostly used to refer to eight siblings delivered in one birth. The Semitic numerals, Semitic numeral is based on a root ''*θmn-'', whence Akkadian ''smn-'', Arabic ''ṯmn-'', Hebrew ''šmn-'' etc. The Chinese numeral, written (Standard Mandarin, Mandarin: ''bā''; Cantonese language, Cantonese: ''baat''), is from Old Chinese ''*priāt-'', ultim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nathan V Gulkoff & Levy Ltd
Nathan or Natan may refer to: People and biblical figures *Nathan (given name), including a list of people and characters with this name *Nathan (surname) *Nathan (prophet), a person in the Hebrew Bible *Nathan (son of David), a biblical figure, son of King David and Bathsheba *Nathan of Gaza, a charismatic figure who spread the word of Sabbatai Zevi *Starboy Nathan, a British singer who used the stage name "Nathan" from 2006 to 2011 * Nathan (footballer, born 1994), Brazilian winger Nathan Athaydes Campos Ferreira * Nathan (footballer, born 1995), Brazilian centre back Nathan Raphael Pelae Cardoso *Nathan (footballer, born 1996), Brazilian midfielder Nathan Allan de Souza * Nathan (footballer, born May 1999), Brazilian forward Nathan Crepaldi da Cruz *Nathan (footballer, born August 1999), Brazilian forward Nathan Palafoz de Sousa *Nathan (footballer, born 2001), Brazilian right back Nathan Santos de Araújo *Nathan (footballer, born 2002), Brazilian right back Nathan Gabriel d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom Acts Of Parliament 1918
United may refer to: Places * United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Arts and entertainment Films * ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film * ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two film * ''The United'' (film), an unreleased Arabic-language film Literature * ''United!'' (novel), a 1973 children's novel by Michael Hardcastle Music * United (band), Japanese thrash metal band formed in 1981 Albums * ''United'' (Commodores album), 1986 * ''United'' (Dream Evil album), 2006 * ''United'' (Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell album), 1967 * ''United'' (Marian Gold album), 1996 * ''United'' (Phoenix album), 2000 * ''United'' (Woody Shaw album), 1981 Songs * "United" (Judas Priest song), 1980 * "United" (Prince Ital Joe and Marky Mark song), 1994 * "United" (Robbie Williams song), 2000 * "United", a song by Danish duo Nik & Jay featuring Lisa Rowe * "United (Who We Are)", a song by XO-IQ, featured in the television serie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberal Reforms
The Liberal welfare reforms (1906–1914) were a series of acts of social legislation passed by the Liberal Party after the 1906 general election. They represent the Liberal Party's transition rejecting the old laissez faire policies and enacting interventionist state policies against poverty and thus launching the modern welfare state in the United Kingdom. David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill led in designing and passing the reforms, and building nationwide support. Historian G. R. Searle argues that the reforms had multiple causes, including "the need to fend off the challenge of Labour; pure humanitarianism; the search for electoral popularity; considerations of National Efficiency; and a commitment to a modernised version of welfare capitalism." By implementing the reforms outside the English Poor Laws, the stigma attached to a needy person obtaining relief was also removed. After 1911 Liberals turned to other issues, but never abandoned their support for the welfare pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Minimum Wage Act 1998
The National Minimum Wage Act 1998 (c. 39) creates a minimum wage across the United Kingdom.. E McGaughey, ''A Casebook on Labour Law'' (Hart 2019) ch 6(1) From 1 April 2025, the minimum wage is £12.21 per hour for people aged 21 and over, £10.00 for people aged 18-20, and £7.55 for people aged under 18 and apprentices aged under 19 or in the first year of their apprenticeship. (See Current and past rates.) It was a flagship policy of the Labour Party in the UK during their successful 1997 general election campaign. The national minimum wage (NMW) took effect on 1 April 1999. On 1 April 2016, an amendment to the act attempted an obligatory "National Living Wage" for workers over 25 (now extended to workers aged 21 and over), which was implemented at a significantly higher minimum wage rate of £7.20. This was expected to rise to at least £9 per hour by 2020, but in reality by that year it had only reached £8.72 per hour. Background No national minimum wage existed prior t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wages Councils Act 1945
The Wages Councils Act 1945 ( 8 & 9 Geo. 6. c. 17) was a UK act of Parliament, concerning the setting of minimum wages and encouraging collective bargaining. It played a central role in post-war UK labour law. It was repealed by the Wages Act 1986. See also * UK labour law * Trade Boards Act 1909 * Trade Boards Act 1918 * National Minimum Wage Act 1998 The National Minimum Wage Act 1998 (c. 39) creates a minimum wage across the United Kingdom.. E McGaughey, ''A Casebook on Labour Law'' (Hart 2019) ch 6(1) From 1 April 2025, the minimum wage is £12.21 per hour for people aged 21 and over, £10. ... References External links Second Reading in Hansard {{Use British English, date=December 2020 United Kingdom labour law United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1945 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skinner V Jack Breach Ltd
Skinner may refer to: People and fictional characters *Skinner (surname), a list of people and fictional characters with that surname *Skinner (profession), a person who makes a living by working with animal skins or driving mules *Skinner, a ring name of professional wrestler Steve Keirn in early 1990s *B. F. Skinner, American Psychologist American geography *Skinner, Missouri, an unincorporated community *Skinner Butte, a prominent hill beside the Willamette River in Oregon *Skinner Reservoir, a reservoir in Riverside County, California Other uses * ''Skinner'' (film), a 1993 horror film *''The Skinner'', a 2002 science fiction novel by Neal Asher *Skinner, Inc., also known as Skinner, an auction house for fine art and antiques *''The Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles ''The Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles (Macrolepidoptera)'' by Bernard Skinner is a single volume identification guide to the macromoths of Britain and Ireland. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France V James Coombes And Company
''France v James Coombes & Co'' 929AC 496 is an old UK labour law case, concerning the definition of ‘employee’ for the purpose of section 8 of the Trade Boards Act 1909 and the Trade Boards Act 1918. Facts The Minister of Labour under the Trade Boards Act 1909 and the Trade Boards Act 1918 made an order applicable to boot and shop repairing called the Trade Boards (Boot and Shoe Repairing) Order 1919. This established a trade board to fix minimum rates of wages for managers and other classes of workers in the trade. It did so and the Minister of Labour confirmed them by an order on 8 August 1922. Mr France claimed the minimum wage applied to him from his employer, James Coombes & Co. He repaired boots, and so was physically working, for less than half the time he was in the shop. The employer contended that taking this into account he was receiving the minimum wage. MacKinnon J at the King's Bench and Scrutton LJ, Sankey LJ, and Romer J in the Court of Appeal held that when ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
R V Minister Of Labour Ex P
R, or r, is the eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''ar'' (pronounced ), plural ''ars''. The letter is the eighth most common letter in English and the fourth-most common consonant, after , , and . Name The name of the letter in Latin was (), following the pattern of other letters representing continuants, such as , , , , and . This name is preserved in French and many other languages. In Middle English, the name of the letter changed from to , following a pattern exhibited in many other words such as ''farm'' (compare French ) and ''star'' (compare German ). In Hiberno-English, the letter is called or , somewhat similar to ''oar'', ''ore'', ''orr''. The letter R is sometimes referred to as the 'canine letter', often rendered in English as the dog's letter. This Latin term referred to the Latin that was trilled to sound lik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Association Of Local Government Officers V Bolton Corp
National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, census-designated place * National, Nevada, ghost town * National, Utah, ghost town * National, West Virginia, unincorporated community Commerce * National (brand), a brand name of electronic goods from Panasonic * National Benzole (or simply known as National), former petrol station chain in the UK, merged with BP * National Book Store, a bookstore and office supplies chain in the Philippines * National Car Rental, an American rental car company * National Energy Systems, a former name of Eco Marine Power * National Entertainment Commission, a former name of the Media Rating Council * National Motor Vehicle Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA 1900–1924 * National Radio Company, Malden, Massachusetts, USA 1914–1991 * National Supermarket ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade Boards Act 1909
The Trade Boards Act 1909 ( 9 Edw. 7. c. 22) was a piece of social legislation passed in the United Kingdom in 1909. It provided for the creation of boards which could set minimum wage criteria that were legally enforceable. It was expanded and updated in the Trade Boards Act 1918. The main provision was to set minimum wages in certain trades with historically low wages, often due to a surplus of available workers due to the widespread employment of workers or lack of skills needed for employment. At first it applied to four industries: chain-making, ready-made tailoring, paper-box making, machine-made lace making, and finishing trades. It was later expanded in 1912: mining and then to other industries with a preponderance of unskilled manual labour. Debates Winston Churchill, MP then President of the Board of Trade, put the argument for the legislation as follows: See also *UK labour law United Kingdom labour law regulates the relations between workers, employers and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hulland V William Sanders & Son
Hulland is a village and civil parish in the Derbyshire Dales district of Derbyshire, England, adjoining the A517 road. It had a population of 215 according to the 2011 census. In the 1870s Hulland was described as: :"Hulland, a village and two townships in Ashborne parish, and a chapelry partly also in Wirksworth parish, Derby. The village stands on an eminence, 5 miles E by N of Ashborne r. station; and has pleasant environs" Hulland should be distinguished from Hulland Ward, an adjacent village and civil parish immediately to its east. Population The population of Hulland has not changed much over the years, in 1881 the population was 202 and in 2011 the population was recorded at 215. The biggest change in population was between 1951 and 1961. Between these years the population dropped by 25. In 2011 The mean age of people in Hulland was 41.2 years of age and the median was 45 years of age. 28.8 percent of the population was aged 45 to 59 in 2011 This is much higher than t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
