Toram Language

	Toram Language Toram (also known as Torom and Torum) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in central Chad. Speakers have shifted to Chadian Arabic Chadian Arabic (), also known as Shuwa Arabic, Western Sudanic Arabic, or West Sudanic Arabic (WSA), is a variety of Arabic and the first language of 1.9 million people in Chad, both town dwellers and Baggara, nomadic cattle herders. Most of its .... Notes References Alio, Khalil. 2004. Préliminaires à une étude de la langue kajakse d'Am-Dam, de toram du Salamat, d'ubi du Guéra et de masmaje du Batha-Est (Tchad). In: Gábor Takács (ed.), Egyptian and Semito-Hamitic (Afro-Asiatic) studies: in memoriam W. Vycich,. 229–285. Leiden: Brill. East Chadic languages Languages of Chad {{Chad-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Chad Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North Africa, North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to Chad–Libya border, the north, Sudan to Chad–Sudan border, the east, the Central African Republic to Central African Republic–Chad border, the south, Cameroon to Cameroon–Chad border, the southwest, Nigeria to Chad–Nigeria border, the southwest (at Lake Chad), and Niger to Chad–Niger border, the west. Chad has a population of 19 million, of which 1.6 million live in the Capital city, capital and largest city of N'Djamena. With a total area of around , Chad is the fifth-largest country in Africa and the List of countries and dependencies by area, twentieth largest nation by area. Chad has several regions: the Sahara desert in the north, an arid zone in the centre known as the Sahel, and a more fertile Sudanian Savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the second-largest wetl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Chadic Languages The Chadic languages form a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They are spoken in parts of the Sahel. They include 196 languages spoken across northern Nigeria, southern Niger, southern Chad, and northern Cameroon. By far the most widely spoken Chadic language is Hausa, a lingua franca of much of inland Eastern West Africa, particularly Niger and the northern half of Nigeria. Hausa is the only Chadic language with more than 1 million speakers. Composition Paul Newman (1977) classified the languages into the four groups which have been accepted in all subsequent literature. Further subbranching, however, has not been as robust; Roger Blench (2006), for example, only accepts the A/B bifurcation of East Chadic. Subsequent work by Joseph Lovestrand argues strongly that Kujarge is a valid member of East Chadic. The placing of Luri as a primary split of West Chadic is erroneous. Bernard Caron (2004) shows that this language is South Bauchi and part of the Polci cluster. A sug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	East Chadic Languages The three dozen East Chadic languages of the Chadic family are spoken in Chad and Cameroon. Speakers of various East Chadic languages are locally known as Hadjarai peoples. The largest East Chadic language is Nancere. Languages The branches of East Chadic go either by names or by letters and numbers in an outline format. The East Chadic B classification follows that of Lovestrand (2012). East Chadic East Chadic A (A.1.1) Sibine: Mire, Ndam, Somrai, Tumak, Motun, Mawer (A.1.2) Miltu: Boor, Gadang, Miltu, Sarua * **(A.2.1) Nancere:Languages in both the Nancere and Gabri branches go by the names of Kimre and Gabri. The two branches together are sometimes also called Gabri. Nancere, Kimré, Lele (A.2.2) Gabri: Gabri, Kabalai, Tobanga (A.3) Kwang: Kwang, Kera East Chadic B (B.1.1) Dangla: Bidiyo (Bidiya), Dangaléat (Dangla), Birgit, Jonkor Bourmataguil, Mabire, Migaama, Mogum (Jegu), Toram (B.1.2) Mubi: Mubi M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Afro-Asiatic Languages The Afroasiatic languages (also known as Afro-Asiatic, Afrasian, Hamito-Semitic, or Semito-Hamitic) are a language family (or "phylum") of about 400 languages spoken predominantly in West Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of the Sahara and Sahel. Over 500 million people are native speakers of an Afroasiatic language, constituting the fourth-largest language family after Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, and Niger–Congo. Most linguists divide the family into six branches: Berber (Amazigh), Chadic, Cushitic, Egyptian, Omotic, and Semitic. The vast majority of Afroasiatic languages are considered indigenous to the African continent, including all those not belonging to the Semitic branch (which originated in West Asia). The five most spoken languages are; Arabic (of all varieties) which is by far the most widely spoken within the family, with around 411 million native speakers concentrated primarily in West Asia and North Africa, the Chadic Hausa language w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Chadian Arabic Chadian Arabic (), also known as Shuwa Arabic, Western Sudanic Arabic, or West Sudanic Arabic (WSA), is a variety of Arabic and the first language of 1.9 million people in Chad, both town dwellers and Baggara, nomadic cattle herders. Most of its speakers live in central and southern Chad. Its range is an east-to-west oval in the Sahel. Nearly all of this territory is within Chad and Sudan. It is also spoken elsewhere in the vicinity of Lake Chad in the countries of Cameroon, Nigeria and Niger. Finally, it is spoken in slivers of the Central African Republic. In addition, this language serves as a lingua franca in much of the region. In most of its range, it is one of several local languages and often not among the major ones. Naming and classification This language does not have a native name shared by all its speakers, beyond "Arabic". It arose as the native language of nomadic cattle herders (''baggāra'', Standard Arabic ''baqqāra'' , means 'cattlemen', from ''baqar''). In 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]