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Top-down
Top-down may refer to: Arts and entertainment * "Top Down", a 2007 song by Swizz Beatz * "Top Down", a song by Lil Yachty from ''Lil Boat 3'' * "Top Down", a song by Fifth Harmony from ''Reflection'' * "Topdown", a song by Channel Tres from the ''Channel Tres'' EP Science * Top-down reading, is a part of reading science that explains the reader's psycholinguistic strategies in using grammatical and lexical knowledge for comprehension rather than linearly decoding texts. * Top-down proteomics, a method for protein analysis * Top-down effects, effects of population density on a resource in a soil food web *Neural top–down control of physiology *Top-down processing, in Pattern recognition (psychology) Computing * Top-down and bottom-up design of information ordering * Top-down parsing, a parsing strategy beginning at the highest level of the parse tree **Top-down parsing language, an analytic formal grammar to study top-down parsers * Top-down perspective, a camera angle in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Top-down Proteomics
Top-down proteomics is a method of protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ... identification that either uses an ion trapping mass spectrometer to store an isolated protein ion for mass measurement and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis or other protein purification methods such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in conjunction with MS/MS. Top-down proteomics is capable of identifying and quantitating unique proteoforms through the analysis of intact proteins. The name is derived from the similar approach to DNA sequencing. During mass spectrometry intact proteins are typically ionized by electrospray ionization and trapped in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance ( Penning trap), quadrupole ion trap (Paul trap) or Orbitrap mass spectrometer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Top Down
"Top Down" is a song by American rapper and producer Swizz Beatz, included as the eighth track from his debut studio album ''One Man Band Man'' (2007). "Top Down" contains Sampling (music), samples of swirls and riotous bursts of 1970s-soul horns from "Girl, Come on Home" by Major Lance. Background In an interview with MTV, Swizz Beatz explained the song was initially meant for Nas: "The record was originally for Nas. I got Nas' vocals already. But I can't do Nas, and his energy is not right on there. It would be dead weight. No disrespect, but it can't be dead weight if I can't make it feel like reality. I need the shit crazy. I need to shoot a video! It's gotta be another 'It's Me Bitches,' but bigger. I could easily pull a Nas card and have people be like, 'Nas is spazzing on the verse.' But it has to be a movie. I got it. It just gotta make sense. I can get Nas, Jay-Z and Jadakiss on that. I can do that. It's light work, but it's gotta make sense." On May 30, 2009, the song N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lil Boat 3
''Lil Boat 3'' is the fourth studio album by American rapper Lil Yachty. It was released on May 29, 2020, by Capitol Records, Motown Records, and Quality Control Music. The album serves as the third and final installment of the ''Lil Boat'' series and the sequel to '' Lil Boat 2''. The album was recorded four times over and was described by Yachty as "upbeat" and "heavy-hitting". It features guest appearances from Tierra Whack, ASAP Rocky, Tyler, the Creator, Future, Draft Day, DaBaby, Drake, Lil Keed, Young Thug, and Lil Durk; the deluxe edition additionally adds guest appearances from Playboi Carti, Cochise, Lil Baby, Vince Staples, and Oliver Tree. The album includes production by JetsonMade, Mike Will Made It, Pi'erre Bourne, Earl on the Beat, K Swisha, and Lil Yachty himself, among others. ''Lil Boat 3'' received mixed reviews from critics and debuted at number 14 on the US ''Billboard'' 200. The album was supported by three singles: " Oprah's Bank Account", ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reflection (Fifth Harmony Album)
''Reflection'' is the debut studio album by American girl group Fifth Harmony. It was released on January 30, 2015, by Syco Music and Epic Records. Lyrically, the album discusses themes of female-empowerment, romance, heartbreak and confidence. Musically, ''Reflection'' is primarily a pop music, pop record and showcases synthpop, "grungy" Hip hop music, hip hop and Contemporary R&B, R&B sounds. The album features guest appearances by American rappers Kid Ink and Tyga, as well as American singer-songwriter Meghan Trainor, and collaborations with several record producer, producers including Ori Kaplan, Dr. Luke and Stargate (production team), Stargate. The album received generally positive reviews from contemporary music critics. Commercially, the album entered the Billboard 200, ''Billboard'' 200 at number five, earning the group their first top-five entry in the United States with sales of 80,000 equivalent units—62,000 of those coming from traditional album sales. ''Reflection' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Channel Tres
Sheldon Jerome Young (born May 26, 1991), known professionally as Channel Tres, is an American rapper, DJ, singer and record producer from Compton, California. Tres is best known for his singles "Controller" and "Topdown". Early life and education Young grew up in southern Los Angeles, between Compton and Lynwood. He was raised by his great-grandparents. He spent most days at church, where he played drums for the choir. Channel left home to study music at Oral Roberts University, a private Christian university in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Career Upon his return to Los Angeles, a childhood friend ( 88rising artist August 08) brought him along to studio sessions, where he rose to making beats for Duckwrth, Wale, Kehlani and others. In 2018 "Controller" received airplay on BBC Radio 1 BBC Radio 1 is a British national radio station owned and operated by the BBC. It specialises in modern popular music and Contemporary hit radio, current chart hits throughout the day. The s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soil Food Web
The soil food web is the community of organisms living all or part of their lives in the soil. It describes a complex living system in the soil and how it interacts with the environment, plants, and animals. Food webs describe the transfer of energy between species in an ecosystem. While a food chain examines one, linear, energy pathway through an ecosystem, a food web is more complex and illustrates all of the potential pathways. Much of this transferred energy comes from the sun. Plants use the sun’s energy to convert inorganic compounds into energy-rich, organic compound Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon. For example, carbon-co ...s, turning carbon dioxide and minerals into plant material by photosynthesis. Plant flowers Exudate#Plant exudates, exude energy-rich nectar above ground an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neural Top–down Control Of Physiology
Neural top–down control of physiology concerns the direct regulation by the brain of physiological functions (in addition to smooth muscle and glandular ones). Cellular functions include the immune system’s production of T-lymphocytes and antibodies, and nonimmune related homeostatic functions such as liver gluconeogenesis, sodium reabsorption, osmoregulation, and brown adipose tissue nonshivering thermogenesis. This regulation occurs through the sympathetic and parasympathetic system (the autonomic nervous system), and their direct innervation of body organs and tissues that starts in the brainstem. There is also a noninnervation hormonal control through the hypothalamus and pituitary (HPA). These lower brain areas are under control of cerebral cortex ones. Such cortical regulation differs between its left and right sides. Pavlovian conditioning shows that brain control over basic cell level physiological function can be learned. Higher brain Cerebral cortex Sympathetic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pattern Recognition (psychology)
In psychology and cognitive neuroscience, pattern recognition is a cognitive process that matches information from a Stimulus (psychology), stimulus with information Recall (memory), retrieved from memory.Eysenck, Michael W.; Keane, Mark T. (2003). Cognitive Psychology: A Student's Handbook (4th ed.). Hove; Philadelphia; New York: Taylor & Francis. . OCLC 894210185. Retrieved 27 November 2014. Pattern recognition occurs when information from the environment is received and entered into short-term memory, causing automatic activation of a specific content of long-term memory. An example of this is learning the alphabet in order. When a carer repeats "A, B, C" multiple times to a child, the child, using pattern recognition, says "C" after hearing "A, B" in order. Recognizing patterns allows anticipation of what is to come. Making the connection between memories and information perceived is a step in pattern recognition called identification. Pattern recognition requires repetition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Top-down And Bottom-up Design
Bottom-up and top-down are strategies of composition and decomposition in fields as diverse as information processing and ordering knowledge, software, humanistic and scientific theories (see systemics), and management and organization. In practice they can be seen as a style of thinking, teaching, or leadership. A top-down approach (also known as ''stepwise design'' and stepwise refinement and in some cases used as a synonym of ''decomposition'') is essentially the breaking down of a system to gain insight into its compositional subsystems in a reverse engineering fashion. In a top-down approach an overview of the system is formulated, specifying, but not detailing, any first-level subsystems. Each subsystem is then refined in yet greater detail, sometimes in many additional subsystem levels, until the entire specification is reduced to base elements. A top-down model is often specified with the assistance of black boxes, which makes it easier to manipulate. However, black ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Top-down Parsing
Top-down parsing in computer science is a parsing strategy where one first looks at the highest level of the parse tree and works down the parse tree by using the rewriting rules of a formal grammar. LL parsers are a type of parser that uses a top-down parsing strategy. Top-down parsing is a strategy of analyzing unknown data relationships by hypothesizing general parse tree structures and then considering whether the known fundamental structures are compatible with the hypothesis. It occurs in the analysis of both natural languages and computer languages. Top-down parsing can be viewed as an attempt to find left-most derivations of an input-stream by searching for parse-trees using a top-down expansion of the given formal grammar rules. Inclusive choice is used to accommodate ambiguity by expanding all alternative right-hand-sides of grammar rules. Simple implementations of top-down parsing do not terminate for left-recursive grammars, and top-down parsing with backtracking m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Top-down Parsing Language
Top-Down Parsing Language (TDPL) is a type of analytic formal grammar developed by Alexander Birman in the early 1970s in order to study formally the behavior of a common class of practical top-down parsers that support a limited form of backtracking. Birman originally named his formalism ''the TMG Schema'' (TS), after TMG, an early parser generator, but it was later given the name TDPL by Aho and Ullman in their classic anthology ''The Theory of Parsing, Translation and Compiling''. Definition of a TDPL grammar Formally, a TDPL grammar ''G'' is a quadruple consisting of the following components: * A finite set ''N'' of ''nonterminal symbols''. * A finite set Σ of ''terminal symbols'' that is disjoint from ''N''. * A finite set ''P'' of '' production rules'', where a rule has one of the following forms: ** ''A'' → ε, where ''A'' is a nonterminal and ε is the empty string. ** ''A'' → ''f'', where ''f'' is a distinguished symbol representing ''unconditional failure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Top-down Perspective
A variety of computer graphic techniques have been used to display video game content throughout the history of video games. The predominance of individual techniques have evolved over time, primarily due to hardware advances and restrictions such as the processing power of central or graphics processing units. Text-based Some of the earliest video games were text games or text-based games that used text characters instead of bitmapped or vector graphics. Examples include MUDs (''multi-user dungeons''), where players could read or view depictions of rooms, objects, other players, and actions performed in the virtual world; and roguelikes, a subgenre of role-playing video games featuring many monsters, items, and environmental effects, as well as an emphasis on randomization, replayability and permanent death. Some of the earliest text games were developed for computer systems which had no video display at all. Text games are typically easier to write and require less proc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
