|
Tolkien On Film
''Tolkien on Film: Essays on Peter Jackson's ''Lord of the Rings'' ''is a 2004 collection of essays edited by Janet Brennan Croft on Peter Jackson's interpretation of ''The Lord of the Rings'' in his 2001–2003 film trilogy based on J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy book. The collection was seen as quite negative by scholars. The film scholar Kristin Thompson felt that the book's denigration of Jackson was disappointing, and that too many of the essays were catalogues of differences between film and book, complete with adverse commentary. In her view, these made the error of assuming that Jackson was trying to be as faithful as possible to the book, and failing; whereas he was instead aiming to please a modern audience, with intentional changes. Other scholars gave mixed responses, while noting that the collection represents the many Tolkien scholars and fans who do not feel that the films succeeded in representing Tolkien's book. Essay summaries Publication history ''T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tobacco Pipe
A tobacco pipe, often called simply a pipe, is a device specifically made to smoke tobacco. It comprises a chamber (the bowl (smoking), bowl) for the tobacco from which a thin hollow stem (shank) emerges, ending in a mouthpiece. Pipes can range from very simple machine-made briar models to highly prized hand-made artisanal implements made by renowned pipemakers, which are often very expensive collector's items. History Some cultures of the indigenous peoples of the Americas smoke tobacco in ceremonial pipes, and have done so since long before the arrival of Europeans. For instance the Lakota People, Lakota people use a ceremonial pipe called Chanunpa, čhaŋnúŋpa. Other cultures of the indigenous peoples of the Americas smoke tobacco socially. The tobacco plant is native to South America but spread into North America long before Europeans arrived. Tobacco was introduced to Europe from the Americas in the 16th century and spread around the world rapidly. As tobacco was no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Bratman
David Bratman is a librarian and Tolkien scholar. Biography Bratman was born in Chicago to Robert Bratman, a physician, and his wife Nancy, an editor. He was one of four sons in the family. He was brought up in Cleveland, Ohio, and then in California. He was educated at the University of California-Berkeley, and took his M.L.S. at the University of Washington. He works as a librarian at university and other libraries. He has contributed to Tolkien scholarship since 1977, including 13 entries for the J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia, and a chapter in Wiley-Blackwell's '' A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien''. He has helped to run the Hugo Awards for science fiction and fantasy. Bratman has edited the journal ''Mythprint'' for the Mythopoeic Society; he edits and contributes to the journal ''Tolkien Studies'' and to ''Mythlore'', a journal on the Inklings The Inklings were an informal literary discussion group associated with J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis at the University ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The History Of The Lord Of The Rings
''The History of The Lord of the Rings'' is a four-volume work by Christopher Tolkien published between 1988 and 1992 that documents his father's process of constructing ''The Lord of the Rings''. The ''History'' is also numbered as volumes six to nine of ''The History of Middle-earth'' ("HoME"). Contents The volumes are: # (HoME 6) ''The Return of the Shadow'' (1988) # (HoME 7) ''The Treason of Isengard'' (1989) # (HoME 8) ''The War of the Ring'' (1990) # (HoME 9) ''Sauron Defeated'' (1992) The first volume of ''The History'' encompasses three early phases of composition, including what Tolkien later called "the crucial chapter" which sets up the central plot, "The Shadow of the Past".''The Lord of the Rings'', 2nd edition, "Foreword". It finishes at the point where the Company of the Ring enter the Mines of Moria. The second volume continues to the meeting with Théoden king of Rohan, and includes the invention and evolution of Lothlórien and Galadriel; plans for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christopher Tolkien
Christopher John Reuel Tolkien (21 November 1924 – 16 January 2020) was an English and naturalised French academic editor and writer. The son of the author and academic J. R. R. Tolkien, Christopher edited 24 volumes based on his father's Posthumous work, posthumously published work, including ''The Silmarillion'' and the 12-volume series ''The History of Middle-Earth'', a task that took 45 years. He also drew the original Tolkien's maps, maps for his father's fantasy novel ''The Lord of the Rings''. Outside his father's unfinished works, Christopher edited three tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (with Nevill Coghill) and his father's translation of ''Sir Gawain and the Green Knight''. Tolkien scholars have remarked that he used his skill as a Philology, philologist, demonstrated in his editing of those medieval works, to research, collate, edit, and comment on his father's Middle-earth writings exactly as if they were real-world legends. The effect is both to frame his father's wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Production Of The Lord Of The Rings Film Series
The production of ''The Lord of the Rings'' film series posed enormous challenges, both logistical and creative. Under Peter Jackson's direction, these obstacles were overcome between 1997 and 2004. Many attempts to produce J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy novel ''The Lord of the Rings'' had failed; the few that had reached the screen were animations. Since the publication of the source novels in the mid-1950s, many filmmakers and producers had considered a film but then set the project aside. The Lord of the Rings (film series), The series as filmed by Jackson consists of three epic film, epic fantasy film, fantasy adventure films. They were produced by New Line Cinema, assisted by WingNut Films. The theatre versions appeared between 2001 and 2003, and the Director's cut#Extended cuts and special editions, extended edition for home video in 2004. Development began in August 1997. The films were Back-to-back film production, shot simultaneously. Their production was undertaken entirely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constructing The Lord Of The Rings
The task of constructing ''The Lord of the Rings'' was long and complex, lasting from its start in 1937, soon after the success of J. R. R. Tolkien's children's book ''The Hobbit'', until the novel's publication in 1954–1955. Tolkien began with no idea where the story would go, and made several false starts before the tale of the One Ring emerged. The names of the characters, including the protagonists, of ''The Lord of the Rings'' changed many times. Tolkien stopped writing repeatedly, sometimes for years at a time. Inspiration, when it came, was based on practical work with maps, names, and languages that Tolkien incorporated in the novel. He illustrated places described in the text, updating drawings and text together until he felt they were correct. Context The request for a sequel to the 1937 children's book ''The Hobbit'' prompted J. R. R. Tolkien to begin what became his most famous work: the epic novel ''The Lord of the Rings'' (first published in three volumes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fantasy
Fantasy is a genre of speculative fiction that involves supernatural or Magic (supernatural), magical elements, often including Fictional universe, imaginary places and Legendary creature, creatures. The genre's roots lie in oral traditions, which later became fantasy literature, fantasy literature and drama. From the twentieth century onward, it has expanded into various media, including film, television, graphic novels, manga, animation, and video games. The expression ''fantastic literature'' is often used for this genre by Anglophone literary critics. An archaic spelling for the term is ''phantasy''. Fantasy is generally distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror fiction, horror by an absence of scientific or macabre themes, although these can occur in fantasy. In popular culture, the fantasy genre predominantly features settings that reflect the actual Earth, but with some sense of otherness. Characteristics Many works of fantasy use magic (paranorma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diana Paxson
Diana Lucile Paxson (born February 20, 1943) is an American writer, primarily in the fields of paganism and heathenism. Her published works include fantasy and historical fiction novels, as well as numerous short stories. More recently she has also published books about pagan and heathen religions and practices. She is a founder of the Society for Creative Anachronism, where she is known as Countess Diana Listmaker. Career In addition to her multiple novels and collaborations, she has written over 70 short stories. Her best-known works are the Westria novels, and the later books in the Avalon series, where she first co-wrote with Marion Zimmer Bradley, then—after Bradley's death—took over sole authorship. Paxson's other books include ''Taking Up the Runes'', ''Essential Asatru'', and ''Trance-Portation''. She writes a regular column in the women's spirituality magazine ''SageWoman''. Paxson has been active in the leadership of a number of organizations. She hosted the firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mithril
Mithril is a fictional metal found in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth writings. It is described as resembling silver, but being stronger and lighter than steel. It was used to make armour, such as the helmets of the citadel guard of Minas Tirith, and ''ithildin'' alloy, used to decorate gateways with writing visible only by starlight or moonlight. Always extremely valuable, by the end of the Third Age it was beyond price, and only a few artefacts made of it remained in use. Impenetrable armour occurs in Norse mythology in ''Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks'', a story that Tolkien certainly knew and could have used for his mithril mail-coat. Mithril is the only invented mineral in his Middle-earth writings. Chemists note mithril's remarkable properties, strong and light like titanium, perhaps when made into alloys with elements such as titanium or nickel, and in its pure form malleable like gold. The scholar Charles A. Huttar states that Tolkien treats mineral treasures as having the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gollum
Gollum is a Tolkien's monsters, monster with a distinctive style of speech in J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy world of Middle-earth. He was introduced in the 1937 Fantasy (genre), fantasy novel ''The Hobbit'', and became important in its sequel, ''The Lord of the Rings''. Gollum was a Stoor Hobbit of the River-folk who lived near the Gladden Fields. In ''The Lord of the Rings'', it is stated that he was originally known as Sméagol, corrupted by the One Ring, and later named Gollum after his habit of making "a horrible swallowing noise in his throat". Sméagol obtained the Ring by murdering his relative Déagol, who found it in the River Anduin. Gollum called the Ring "my precious", and it extended his life far beyond natural limits. Centuries of the Ring's influence twisted Gollum's body and mind, and, by the time of the novels, he "loved and hated [the Ring], as he loved and hated himself." Throughout the story, Gollum was torn between his lust for the Ring and his desire to be f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gandalf
Gandalf is a protagonist in J. R. R. Tolkien's novels ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings''. He is a Wizards (Middle-earth), wizard, one of the Istari order, and the leader of the Company of the Ring. Tolkien took the name "Gandalf" from the Old Norse Dvergatal, "Catalogue of Dwarves" (''Dvergatal'') in the ''Völuspá''. As a wizard and the bearer of one of the Three Rings, Gandalf has great power, but works mostly by encouraging and persuading. He sets out as Gandalf the Grey, possessing great knowledge and travelling continually. Gandalf is focused on the mission to counter the Dark Lord Sauron by destroying the One Ring. He is associated with fire; his ring of power is Narya, the Ring of Fire. As such, he delights in fireworks to entertain the hobbits of the Shire, while in great need he uses fire as a weapon. As one of the Maiar, he is an immortal spirit from Valinor, but his physical body can be killed. In ''The Hobbit'', Gandalf assists the 13 dwarves and the h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frodo Baggins
Frodo Baggins ( Westron: ''Maura Labingi'') is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's writings and one of the protagonists in ''The Lord of the Rings''. Frodo is a hobbit of the Shire who inherits the One Ring from his cousin Bilbo Baggins, described familiarly as "uncle", and undertakes the quest to destroy it in the fires of Mount Doom in Mordor. He is mentioned in Tolkien's posthumously published works, '' The Silmarillion'' and '' Unfinished Tales''. Frodo is repeatedly wounded during the quest and becomes increasingly burdened by the Ring as it nears Mordor. He changes, too, growing in understanding and compassion, and avoiding violence. On his return to the Shire, he is unable to settle back into ordinary life; two years after the Ring's destruction, he is allowed to take ship to the earthly paradise of Valinor. Frodo's name comes from the Old English name '' Fróda'', meaning "wise by experience". Commentators have written that he combines courage, selflessn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
