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Tohwasŏ
Tohwasŏ (), translated as Korean Royal Academy of Painting, was an administrative office of the Joseon period responsible for drawing pictures requested by other government offices. It was originally called Tohwawŏn () during the Goryeo period until it was later renamed under Yejong, but its class was dropped, and the office was later renamed to Tohwasŏ. Organization and roles According to the ''Kyŏngguk taejŏn'', or National Code, the organizational structure of the Tohwasŏ comprised one Jeju (), two Byeolje (), and twenty miscellaneous workers. The organization's main task was to paint artworks for the nation, such as Uigwe. In addition, its artists drew portraits of the king, popular men and maps. Hwawon Artists who worked within the Tohwasŏ were called ''Hwawon'' or ''Hwasa''. An Gyeon, who was a ''hwawon'' during the reign of Sejong the Great, is renowned for his Shan shui, and for the works ''Mongyudowondo'' and ''Sasipaljungdo''. Kim Hong-do and Shin Yun-bok were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseon
Joseon ( ; ; also romanized as ''Chosun''), officially Great Joseon (), was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years. It was founded by Taejo of Joseon in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom was founded following the aftermath of the overthrow of Goryeo in what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul. The kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the rivers of Yalu River, Amnok and Tumen River, Tuman through the subjugation of the Jurchen people, Jurchens. During its 500-year duration, Joseon encouraged the entrenchment of Korean Confucianism, Confucian ideals and doctrines in Korean society. Neo-Confucianism was installed as the new state's ideology. Korean Buddhism, Buddhism was accordingly discouraged, and occasionally Buddhists faced persecution. Joseon consolidated its effective rule over the Korean peninsula and saw the he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goryeo
Goryeo (; ) was a Korean state founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korea, Korean Peninsula until the establishment of Joseon in 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unification" by Korean historians as it not only unified the Later Three Kingdoms but also incorporated much of the ruling class of the northern kingdom of Balhae, who had origins in Goguryeo of the earlier Three Kingdoms of Korea. According to Korean historians, it was during the Goryeo period that the individual identities of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla were successfully merged into a single entity that became the basis of the modern-day Koreans, Korean identity. The name "Korea" is derived from the name of Goryeo, also romanized as Koryŏ, which was first used in the early 5th century by Goguryeo; Goryeo was a successor state to Later Goguryeo and Goguryeo. Throughout its existence, Goryeo, alongside Unified S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyŏngguk Taejŏn
''Kyŏngguk taejŏn'' (), name translated as the ''State Code'' or the ''National Code'', is a code of law that comprises all the laws, customs and decrees of the late Goryeo to early Joseon periods in Korea. Sorted according to the relevant ministries ( Yukyo), it had been a basis for over 500 years of Joseon politics. The previous code of law was the ''Kyŏngje yukchŏn'' (; ''Six Codes of Governance'') and its revised edition, ''Sogyukchŏn'' (, ''Amended Six Codes of Governance'') which were issued during the reign of the state founder, King Taejo. The code was commissioned in 1458 by King Sejo. In 1467 (Sejo 13), the compilation of the entire book was finished and named ''Kyŏngguk taejŏn'', but repeated revisions and supplements delayed the final publication. When Seongjong was crowned, a first revision began to be implemented in 1471 and is named ''Sinmyo taejŏn'' (). It was then revised in 1474 and therefore named the ''Gabo taejŏn'' (). A third version, the ''Euls ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uigwe
''Uigwe'' () is the generic name given to a collection of approximately 3,895 books recording in detail the royal rituals and ceremonies of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. There is no generally agreed English translation for the title of the work; some scholars suggest "book of state rites", while the ''Glossary of Korean Studies'' from the Korea Foundation suggests "manual of the state event" or "rubrica for a state ceremony." The expression "Royal Protocols" (of the Joseon Dynasty) is widely used. The collection of ''Uigwe'' was inscribed in UNESCO's Memory of the World International Register in 2007, recognising it as documentary heritage of global importance. The term "Uigwe" is not easily translated. It refers to a collection of rites, protocols, codes and rules. Thus, the Joseon ''Sijeong Uigwe'' are the “Protocols” or legal “Code” of the Joseon ''Sijeong''. The Joseon ''Sijeong Uigwe'' was compiled under the reign of King Sejong (ruled 1418 to 1450). King Sejong i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sejong
Sejong (; 15 May 1397 – 8 April 1450), commonly known as Sejong the Great (), was the fourth monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He is regarded as the greatest ruler in Korean history, and is remembered as the inventor of Hangul, the native alphabet of the Korean language. Initially titled Grand Prince Chungnyeong (), he was the third son of King Taejong and Queen Wongyeong. In 1418, Sejong replaced his eldest brother, Yi Che, as crown prince; a few months later, Taejong voluntarily abdicated the throne in Sejong's favor. In the early years of Sejong's reign, King Emeritus Taejong retained vast powers, most notably absolute executive and military power, and continued to govern until his death in 1422. Sejong reinforced Korean Confucian and neo-Confucian policies, and enacted major legal amendments (). He personally created and promulgated the Korean alphabet, encouraged advancements in science and technology, and introduced measures to stimulate economic growth. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shan Shui
''Shan shui'' (; pronounced ) refers to a style of traditional Chinese painting that involves or depicts scenery or natural landscapes, using a brush and ink rather than more conventional paints. Mountains, rivers and waterfalls are common subjects of ''shan shui'' paintings. History ''Shan shui'' painting first began to develop in the 5th century, in the Liu Song dynasty.''Textual Evidence for the Secular Arts of China in the Period from Liu Sung through Sui'' (1967) by Alexander Soper It was later characterized by a group of landscape painters such as Zhang Zeduan, most of them already famous, who produced large-scale landscape paintings. These landscape paintings usually centered on mountains. Mountains had long been seen as sacred places in China, which were viewed as the homes of immortals and thus, close to the heavens. Philosophical interest in nature, or in mystical connotations of naturalism, could also have contributed to the rise of landscape painting. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kim Hong-do
Kim Hong-do (, 1745–) was a Korean painter during the Joseon dynasty. He is mostly remembered for his depictions of the everyday life of ordinary people, in a manner analogous to painters of the Dutch Golden Age painting, Dutch Golden Age. He was also widely known by his art name Danwon (). Active during the reign of King Yeongjo of Joseon, Yeongjo and King Jeongjo of Joseon, Jeongjo, he made a profound change in Joseon painting style. By boldly introducing Western painting methods that appeared to have been learned through the Qing dynasty, Qing Dynasty, he introduced a technique that revealed perspective through jokes and contrasts of colors. Biography Kim was a member of the Gimhae Kim clan. He grew up in present-day Ansan, South Korea. At the age of 7, Kim Hong-do studied under the renowned master Pyoam Kang Se-hwang, who was then living in seclusion in Ansan. In 1766, at the age of 21, on the recommendation of Kang Sehwang, he entered the royal service as a member (hwawo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shin Yun-bok
Sin Yun-bok (; 1758–1813), better known by his art name Hyewon, was a Korean painter of the Joseon period. Like his contemporaries Danwon and Geungjae, he is known for his realistic depictions of daily life in his time. His genre paintings are distinctly more erotic than Danwon's, a fact which contributed to his expulsion from the royal painting institute, Dohwaseo. Painting was frequently a hereditary occupation in the Joseon period, and Hyewon's father and grandfather had both been court painters. Together with Danwon and the later painter Owon, Hyewon is remembered today as one of the "Three Wons" of Joseon-period painting. Biography Not much is known about Sin Yun-bok's life. He was the son of royal court painter Hanpyeong (한평; 漢枰), who had participated in painting the royal portraits of Yeongjo and Jeongjo. Hyewon reached the official rank of ''cheomjeoljesa'' (첨절제사; 僉節制使) at the Dohwaseo and was adept at different styles of painting; genre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Six Ministries Of Joseon
The Six Ministries of Joseon () were the major executive bodies of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. They included ministries of Personnel (''Ijo''), Taxation (''Hojo''), Rites (''Yejo''), Military Affairs (''Byeongjo''), Punishments (''Hyeongjo''), and Public works (''Gongjo''). History It was established in 1298. The ministries system of Joseon was similar in outline to that of the preceding Goryeo dynasty, but in practice, it had a big difference. While Goryeo had a ministrative policy where the king had the central power, in Joseon, the scholars and bureaucrats had greater control. The ministries were much more powerful under Joseon, and their importance grew as the dynasty wore on. In December 1895, after the First Sino-Japanese War and as a part of the Gabo Reform, a cabinet of seven ministries was modeled after the Japanese one, which had been established only ten years earlier. Composition See also * Joseon Dynasty politics * History of Korea * Six Ministries of the Ng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Académie Royale De Peinture Et De Sculpture
The Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture (; ) was founded in 1648 in Paris, France. It was the premier art institution of France during the latter part of the Ancien Régime until it was abolished in 1793 during the French Revolution. It included most of the important painters and sculptors, maintained almost total control of teaching and exhibitions, and afforded its members preference in royal commissions. Founding In the 1640s, France's artistic life was still based on the medieval system of guilds like the Académie de Saint-Luc which had a tight grip on the professional lives of artists and artisans alike. Some artists had managed to get exemptions but these were based on favoritism rather than merit. According to the 17th century ''Mémoires'' about the founding of the ''Académie royale'', a few "superior men" who were "real artists", suffered and felt humiliated under the guild system. In view of increasing pressure by the Parisian guilds for painters and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
