|
Tobacco Ringspot Virus
Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the plant virus family ''Secoviridae''. It is the type species of the genus '' Nepovirus''. Nepoviruses are transmitted between plants by nematodes, thrips, mites, grasshoppers, and flea beetles. TRSV is also easily transmitted by sap inoculation and transmission in seeds has been reported. In recent cases it has also been shown to appear in bees, but no transmission to plants from bees has been noted. TRSV was observed for the first time in tobacco fields in Virginia and described in 1927. It is an isometric particle with a bipartite RNA genome. The virus has a wide host range that includes field grown crops, ornamentals and weeds. Its name comes from its most common symptom being chlorotic ringspots on the leaves of infected plants. In some areas this virus has caused growers to stop growing affected crops. A. B. C. Symptoms and virus inclusions of Tobacco ringspot nepovirus in the host ''Zamia furfuracea'', the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant Virus
Plant viruses are viruses that have the potential to affect plants. Like all other viruses, plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate without a host. Plant viruses can be pathogenic to vascular plants ("higher plants"). Many plant viruses are rod-shaped, with protein discs forming a tube surrounding the viral genome; isometric particles are another common structure. They rarely have an envelope. The great majority have an RNA genome, which is usually small and single stranded (ss), but some viruses have double-stranded (ds) RNA, ssDNA or dsDNA genomes. Although plant viruses are not as well understood as their animal counterparts, one plant virus has become very recognizable: '' tobacco mosaic virus'' (TMV), the first virus to be discovered. This and other viruses cause an estimated US$60 billion loss in crop yields worldwide each year. Plant viruses are grouped into 73 genera and 49 families. However, these fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secoviridae
''Secoviridae'' is a family of viruses A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are found in almo ... in the order '' Picornavirales''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 10 genera in the family, four of which are assigned to a subfamily. The family was created in 2009 with the grouping of families ''Sequiviridae'', now dissolved, and ''Comoviridae'', now subfamily ''Comovirinae'', along with the then unassigned genera ''Cheravirus'', ''Sadwavirus'', and ''Torradovirus''. Taxonomy The family includes the following genera (-''virinae'' denotes subfamily and -''virus'' denotes genus): * '' Comovirinae'' ** '' Comovirus'' ** '' Fabavirus'' ** '' Mersevirus'' ** '' Nepovirus'' * Unassigned to a subfamily: ** '' Cheravirus'' ** '' Sadwavirus'' ** '' Sequivirus'' ** '' Stralarivirus'' *** St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepovirus
''Nepovirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Picornavirales'', in the family ''Secoviridae'', in the subfamily '' Comovirinae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 55 species in this genus. Nepoviruses, unlike the genera '' Comovirus'' and '' Fabavirus'' in the subfamily '' Comovirinae'', are transmitted by nematodes. Taxonomy The genus contains the following species, listed by scientific name and followed by the exemplar virus of the species: * ''Nepovirus aegaeum'', Artichoke Aegean ringspot virus * ''Nepovirus aeonii'', Aeonium ringspot virus * ''Nepovirus alphaparis'', Paris nepovirus 1 * ''Nepovirus alphavitis'', Grapevine nepovirus A * ''Nepovirus americaense'', Cassava American latent virus * ''Nepovirus anatoliense'', Grapevine Anatolian ringspot virus * ''Nepovirus anemones'', Anemone nepovirus A * ''Nepovirus arabis'', Arabis mosaic virus * ''Nepovirus armeniacae'', Apricot latent ringspot virus * ''Nepovirus arracaciae'', Arracacha virus A * ''Ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nematodes
The nematodes ( or ; ; ), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. Species in the phylum inhabit a broad range of environments. Most species are free-living, feeding on microorganisms, but many are parasitic. Parasitic worms (helminths) are the cause of soil-transmitted helminthiases. They are classified along with arthropods, tardigrades and other moulting animals in the clade Ecdysozoa. Unlike the flatworms, nematodes have a tubular digestive system, with openings at both ends. Like tardigrades, they have a reduced number of Hox genes, but their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, which shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode phylum. Nematode species can be difficult to distinguish from one another. Consequently, estimates of the number of nematode species are uncertain. A 2013 survey of animal biodiversity suggested there are over 25,000. Estimates of the total number of extant species are subject ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inoculation
Inoculation is the act of implanting a pathogen or other microbe or virus into a person or other organism. It is a method of artificially inducing immunity against various infectious diseases. The term "inoculation" is also used more generally to refer to intentionally depositing microbes into any growth medium, as into a Petri dish used to culture the microbe, or into food ingredients for making cultured foods such as yoghurt and fermented beverages such as beer and wine. This article is primarily about the use of inoculation for producing immunity against infection. Inoculation has been used to eradicate smallpox and to markedly reduce other infectious diseases such as polio. Although the terms "inoculation", "vaccination", and "immunization" are often used interchangeably, there are important differences. Inoculation is the act of implanting a pathogen or microbe into a person or other recipient; vaccination is the act of implanting or giving someone a vaccine specifical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zamia
''Zamia'' is a genus of cycad of the family Zamiaceae, native to North America from the United States (in Georgia and Florida) throughout the West Indies, Central America, and South America as far south as Bolivia. The genus is considered to be the most ecologically and morphologically diverse of the cycads, and is estimated to have originated about 68.3 million years ago. Description The genus comprises deciduous shrubs with aerial or subterranean circular stems, often superficially resembling palms. They produce spirally arranged, pinnate leaves which are pubescent, at least when young, having branched and simple, transparent and coloured hairs. The articulated leaflets lack a midrib, and are broad with subparallel dichotomous venation. Lower leaflets are not reduced to spines, though the petioles often have prickles. The emerging leaves of many ''Zamia'' species are striking, some emerging with a reddish or bronze cast ('' Z. roezlii'' being an example). '' Z. picta'' is e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cycad
Cycads are seed plants that typically have a stout and woody (ligneous) trunk (botany), trunk with a crown (botany), crown of large, hard, stiff, evergreen and (usually) pinnate leaves. The species are dioecious, that is, individual plants of a species are either male or female. Cycads vary in size from having trunks only a few centimeters to several meters tall. They typically grow slowly and have long lifespans. Because of their superficial resemblance to Arecaceae, palms or ferns, they are sometimes mistaken for them, but they are not closely related to either group. Cycads are gymnosperms (naked-seeded), meaning their fertilization, unfertilized seeds are open to the air to be directly fertilized by pollination, as contrasted with angiosperms, which have enclosed seeds with more complex fertilization arrangements. Cycads have very specialized pollinators, usually a specific beetle, and more rarely a thrips or a moth. Both male and female cycads bear cones (strobilus, stro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viral Diseases Of Potato
The word ''Viral'' means "relating to viruses" (small infectious agents). It may also refer to: Viral behavior, or virality Memetic behavior likened that of a virus, for example: * Viral marketing, the use of existing social networks to spread a marketing message * Viral phenomenon, relating to contagion theory or the "virality" of network culture, such as a meme * Viral video, a video that quickly attains a high popularity Titled works * ''Viral'' (2016 American film), a 2016 American science fiction horror drama * ''Viral'' (2016 Hindi film), an Indian Bollywood film based on social media * ''Viral'' (upcoming film), an American psychological thriller film starring Blair Underwood * ''Viral'' (web series), a 2014 Brazilian comedy web series * '' V/H/S: Viral'', an American anthology horror film * '' Viral: The Search for the Origin of COVID-19'', a book by Alina Chand and Matt Ridley See also * '' Virals'', a novel series by Kathy Reichs * Virulence Virulence i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepoviruses
''Nepovirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order '' Picornavirales'', in the family ''Secoviridae'', in the subfamily '' Comovirinae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 55 species in this genus. Nepoviruses, unlike the genera '' Comovirus'' and '' Fabavirus'' in the subfamily '' Comovirinae'', are transmitted by nematodes. Taxonomy The genus contains the following species, listed by scientific name and followed by the exemplar virus of the species: * ''Nepovirus aegaeum'', Artichoke Aegean ringspot virus * ''Nepovirus aeonii'', Aeonium ringspot virus * ''Nepovirus alphaparis'', Paris nepovirus 1 * ''Nepovirus alphavitis'', Grapevine nepovirus A * ''Nepovirus americaense'', Cassava American latent virus * ''Nepovirus anatoliense'', Grapevine Anatolian ringspot virus * ''Nepovirus anemones'', Anemone nepovirus A * ''Nepovirus arabis'', Arabis mosaic virus * ''Nepovirus armeniacae'', Apricot latent ringspot virus * ''Nepovirus arracaciae'', Arracacha virus A * ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
