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Timotean Languages
The Timotean languages were spoken in the Venezuelan Andes around what is now Mérida State, Mérida. It is assumed that they are extinct. However, Timote may survive in the so-far unattested Mutú language, Mutú (Loco) language, as this occupies a mountain village (Mutús) within the old Timote state.Willem Adelaar with Pieter Muysken, ''The Languages of the Andes'', CUP, 2004:124–125 Genetic relations There is no apparent connection to the Chibchan, Arawakan, or Cariban families, apart from sporadic resemblances with Paez language, Paez and some divergent Chibchan languages, so Timotean appears to be an independent family. Jolkesky (2016) also notes that there are lexical similarities with the Jirajaran languages. Languages There were two closely related languages, each a pair of dialects: *Timote language, Timote–Cuica (Miguri, Cuica, "Cicua", spoken by the Timoto–Cuica people) *Mucuchi language, MucuchÖMaripú (MocochÃ, Mirripú) Traditionally, Mucuchà and Mirrip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venezuela
Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It comprises an area of , and its population was estimated at 29 million in 2022. The capital and largest urban agglomeration is the city of Caracas. The continental territory is bordered on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Colombia, Brazil on the south, Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east and on the east by Guyana. Venezuela is a presidential republic consisting of States of Venezuela, 23 states, the Venezuelan Capital District, Capital District and Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, federal dependencies covering Venezuela's offshore islands. Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America; the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the north and in the capital. The territory o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timote Language
Timote, also known as Cuica or Timote–Cuica, is the language of the Timote–Cuica state in the Venezuelan Andes, around the present city of Mérida and south of Lake Maracaibo Lake Maracaibo () is located in northwestern Venezuela, between the states of Zulia, Trujillo, and Mérida. While Maracaibo is commonly referred to as a lake, its current hydrological characteristics may better classify it as estuary and/or .... The language is reported to have gone extinct in the early to mid 20th century. However, in 1977 it was reported that the indigenous village of Mutús, in the heart of the old Timote state, still spoke an indigenous language, which would presumably be Timote. The name is apparently Timote, as 'Timote' itself derives from ''ti-motɨ'' 'Mutú speakers', and ''mutú'' or ''mukú'' is a common toponym in the region. This lead had not been followed up as of Adelaar (2004). Dialects The Timote and Cuica peoples apparently spoke dialects of a single language; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MucuchÖMarripú Language
MucuchÖMarripú is an extinct language of Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com .... References Indigenous languages of the Americas Timotean languages Extinct languages Languages of Venezuela {{IndigenousAmerican-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toponym
Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of ''wikt:toponym, toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage, and types. ''Toponym'' is the general term for a proper name of any geographical feature, and full scope of the term also includes proper names of all cosmographical features. In a more specific sense, the term ''toponymy'' refers to an inventory of toponyms, while the discipline researching such names is referred to as ''toponymics'' or ''toponomastics''. Toponymy is a branch of onomastics, the study of proper names of all kinds. A person who studies toponymy is called ''toponymist''. Etymology The term ''toponymy'' comes from / , 'place', and / , 'name'. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' records ''toponymy'' (meaning "place name") first appearing in English in 1876 in the context of geographical studies. Since then, ''toponym'' has come to replace the term ''place-name'' in profe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venezuelan Andes
The Venezuelan Andes (Spanish: ''Andes Venezolanos'') also simply known as the Andes (Spanish: ''Los Andes'') in Venezuela, are a mountain system that form the northernmost extension of the Andes. They are fully identified, both by their geological origin as by the components of the relief, the constituent rocks and the geological structure. The Venezuelan Andean system represents the terminal bifurcation of the Cordillera Oriental de Colombia, which in Venezuelan territory consists of two mountainous branches: the Sierra de Perijá, smaller, slightly displaced from southwest to northeast with 7,500 km2 in Venezuela; and a larger, frankly oriented Southwest to northeast with about 40,000 km2, the Cordillera de Mérida, commonly known as the proper Venezuelan Andes. The highest point in Venezuela is located in this natural region.Pérez et al (Sep. 2005)"Alturas del Pico BolÃvar y otras cimas andinas venezolanas a partir de observaciones Gps."INCI v.30, n.4, Caracas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mérida State
Mérida or Merida may refer to: Places * Mérida (state), one of the 23 states which make up Venezuela * Mérida, Mérida, the capital city of the state of Mérida, Venezuela * Merida, Leyte, Philippines, a municipality in the province of Leyte * Mérida, Spain, the capital city of the autonomous community of Extremadura *Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico, the capital city of the state of Yucatán * or , an ancient name for Mardin, Turkey Football clubs *CP Mérida, a defunct club in Mérida, Spain * Mérida UD, a defunct club in Mérida, Spain * Mérida AD, a club in Mérida, Spain * Imperio de Mérida CP, Mérida, Spain * Estudiantes de Mérida, Venezuela * Mérida F.C., Mexico Other uses * Merida (Brave), the main character of the 2012 animated film ''Brave'' * Merida (Dragon Prince), a fictional people created by fantasy author Melanie Rawn for her ''Dragon Prince'' series * ''Merida'' (moth), a genus of moth in the family Geometridae * Merida Bikes, one of the world's largest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jirajaran Languages
The Jirajaran languages are group of extinct languages once spoken in western Venezuela in the regions of Falcón and Lara. All of the Jirajaran languages appear to have become extinct in the early 20th century. According to Glottolog, its languages constitute a language isolate. Languages Based on adequate documentation, three languages are definitively classified as belonging to the Jirajaran family: * Jirajara, spoken in the state of Falcón * Ayomán, spoken in the village of Siquisique in the state of Lara * Gayón, spoken at the sources of the Tocuyo River in the state of Lara Loukotka includes four additional languages, for which no linguistic documentation exists: *Coyone, spoken at the sources of the Portuguesa River in the state of Portuguesa, sometimes considered a synonym for Gayon *Cuiba, spoken near the city of Aricagua *Atatura, spoken between the Rocono and Tucupido rivers *Aticari, spoken along the Tocuyo River Mason (1950) lists: *Gayón (Cayon) *Ayo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timoto–Cuica People
Timoto–Cuica people were an Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous people of the Americas composed primarily of two large tribes, the Timote and the Cuica, that inhabited in the Andes region of Western Venezuela.Mahoney 89 They were closely related to the Muisca people of the Colombian Andes, who spoke Muysccubun, a version of Chibcha language, Chibcha. The Timoto-Cuicas were not only composed of the Timote and the Cuica groups, but also of smaller tribes including the MucuchÃes, the MigurÃes, the Tabayes and the Mucuñuques. Culture and society Pre-Columbian era, Pre-Columbian Venezuela had an estimated indigenous population of one million, with the Andean region being the most densely populated area. The two groups lived in what are today the states of Mérida (state), Mérida, Trujillo (state), Trujillo and Táchira. Most scholars agree that the Timoto-Cuicas arose as a distinct tribal group, with the Timotes and the Cuicas as the main components of largely the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ÄŒestmÃr Loukotka
ÄŒestmÃr Loukotka (12 November 1895 – 13 April 1966) was a Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovak linguist and ethnologist. His daughter was Jarmila Loukotková. Career Loukotka proposed a Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas#Loukotka (1968), classification for the languages of South America based on several previous works. This classification contained many unpublished materials and therefore greatly improved upon previous classifications. He divided the languages of South America and the Caribbean into 77 different families, based upon similarities of vocabulary and available lists. His classification of 1968 is the most influential and was based upon two previous schemes (1935, 1944), which were similar to those proposed by Paul Rivet (whom he was a student of), although the number of families was increased to 94 and 114. *reviewed in References 1895 births 1958 deaths Linguists from Czechoslovakia Historical linguists Linguists of Indigenous lang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
