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Thiele's Voting Rules
Thiele's voting rules are rules for multiwinner voting. They allow voters to vote for individual candidates rather than parties, but still guarantee proportional representation. They were published by Thorvald Thiele in Danish in 1895, and translated to English by Svante Janson in 2016. They were used in Swedish parliamentary elections to distribute seats within parties, and are still used in city council elections. Background In multiwinner approval voting, each voter can vote for one or more candidates, and the goal is to select a fixed number ''k'' of winners (where ''k'' may be, for example, the number of parliament members). The question is how to determine the set of winners? * The simplest method is ''multiple non-transferable vote'', in which the ''k'' candidates with the largest number of approvals are elected. But this method tends to select ''k'' candidates of the largest party, leaving the smaller parties with no representation at all. * In the 19th century, ther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multiwinner Voting
Multiwinner or committee voting refers to electoral systems that elect several candidates at once. Such methods can be used to elect parliaments or committees. Goals There are many scenarios in which multiwinner voting is useful. They can be broadly classified into three classes, based on the main objective in electing the committee: # Excellence. Here, voters judge the quality of each candidate individually. The goal is to find the "objectively" best candidates. An example application is shortlisting: selecting, from a list of candidate employees, a small set of finalists, who will proceed to the final stage of evaluation (e.g. using an interview). Here, each candidate is evaluated independently of the others. If two candidates are similar, then probably both will be elected or both will be rejected. # Diversity. Here, the elected candidates should be as ''different'' as possible. For example, suppose the contest is about choosing locations for two fire stations or other fac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proportional Approval Voting
Proportional approval voting (PAV) is a proportional electoral system for multiwinner elections. It is a multiwinner approval method that extends the D'Hondt method of apportionment commonly used to calculate apportionments for party-list proportional representation. However, PAV allows voters to support only the candidates they approve of, rather than being forced to approve or reject all candidates on a given party list. In PAV, voters cast approval ballots marking all candidates they approve of; each voter's ballot is then treated as if all candidates on the ballot were on their own "party list." Seats are then apportioned between candidates in a way that ensures all coalitions are represented proportionally. History PAV is a special case of Thiele's voting rule, proposed by Thorvald N. Thiele. It was used in combination with ranked voting in the Swedish elections from 1909 to 1921 for distributing seats within parties and in local elections. PAV was rediscovered by For ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phragmen's Voting Rules
Phragmén's voting rules are rules for multiwinner voting. They allow voters to vote for individual candidates rather than parties, but still guarantee proportional representation. They were published by Lars Edvard Phragmén in French and Swedish between 1893 and 1899, and translated to English by Svante Janson in 2016. Background In multiwinner approval voting, each voter can vote for one or more candidates, and the goal is to select a fixed number ''k'' of winners (where ''k'' may be, for example, the number of parliament members). The question is how to determine the set of winners? * The simplest method is ''multiple non-transferable vote'', in which the ''k'' candidates with the largest number of approvals are elected. But this method tends to select ''k'' candidates of the largest party, leaving the smaller parties with no representation at all. * In the 19th century, there was much discussion regarding election systems that could guarantee proportional representatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
