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Theatre Of Estonia
The theatre of Estonia dates back to 1784, when August von Kotzebue founded an amateur theatre company in Tallinn. Most of the plays at the time were comedies for the amusement for local Baltic German nobility. In 1809 a professional theatre company was established, with its own building in Tallinn, the Tallinna saksa teater. The repertoire was mostly in German but plays in Estonian and Russian were also performed. After serfdom was abolished in Estonia in 1816, the first native Estonian musical society, Vanemuine, was established in 1865. The Vanemuine society's staging of Lydia Koidula's ''The Cousin from Saaremaa'' in 1870 marks the beginning of theatrical drama in the Estonian language. The Vanemuine Music and Theatre Society was led by August Wiera from 1878 to 1903. In 1906 a new building was erected for the society and the theatre company turned professional under the directorship of Karl Menning. Plays by Western writers such as Henrik Ibsen, Gerhart Hauptmann, Russian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August Von Kotzebue
August Friedrich Ferdinand von Kotzebue (, ; – ) was a German playwright, who had also worked as a Russian diplomat. In 1817, one of Kotzebue's books was burned during the Wartburg festival. He was murdered in 1819 by Karl Ludwig Sand, a militant member of the '' Burschenschaften''. This murder gave Metternich the pretext to issue the Carlsbad Decrees of 1819, which dissolved the ''Burschenschaften'', cracked down on the liberal press, and seriously restricted academic freedom in the states of the German Confederation. Life Kotzebue was born on May 3, 1761 in Weimar, Saxe-Weimar, to the respected merchant Kotzebue family and was educated at Wilhelm-Ernst- Gymnasium in Weimar, where his uncle, the writer and critic Johann Karl August Musäus, was among his teachers. In 1776 the young Kotzebue acted alongside Goethe in the latter's play ''Die Geschwister'' when it premiered in Weimar. In 1777, aged sixteen, he enrolled at the University of Jena to study legal science. He c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maksim Gorky
Alexei Maximovich Peshkov (; – 18 June 1936), popularly known as Maxim Gorky (; ), was a Russian and Soviet writer and proponent of socialism. He was nominated five times for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Before his success as an author, he travelled widely across the Russian Empire, changing jobs frequently; these experiences would later influence his writing. He associated with fellow Russian writers Leo Tolstoy and Anton Chekhov, both mentioned by Gorky in his memoirs. Gorky was active in the emerging Marxist socialist movement and later supported the Bolsheviks. He publicly opposed the Tsarist regime and for a time closely associated himself with Vladimir Lenin and Alexander Bogdanov's Bolshevik wing of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. During World War I, Gorky supported pacifism and internationalism and anti-war protests. For a significant part of his life, he was exiled from Russia and later the Soviet Union, being critical both of Tsarism and of the B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian National Opera
Estonian National Opera (''Rahvusooper Estonia'') is the national opera company of Estonia. The company is based at the Estonia Theatre in Tallinn. The theatre has had several names throughout its existence. The latest one being "The Estonian National Opera", which was adopted in 1998. The company produces a lively and varied season which includes operas, ballets and operettas/musicals with over 500 people currently working at the Estonian National Opera. History The song and drama society "Estonia" was founded in 1870. This was the beginning of what has become the current-day Estonian National Opera (). Play-acting was taken up in 1871, although theatre as a tradition did not really come into being until 1895, when the society began to direct song plays, folk plays and comedies, usually with singing and dancing. By the start of the 20th century more serious drama was being staged. In 1906, the society became the basis for the professional theatre called "Estonia" founded by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Pinna
Paul Pinna (3 October 1884 Tallinn – 29 March 1949 Tallinn) was an Estonian actor and stage director. Career In 1899 he started performing on stage at the Estonia theatre society. In the early 1900s, he was engaged with the Estonia Theatre. From 1915 to 1920, he worked as a military official in Tallinn and played at the Estonia Theatre. From 1918 to 1922, he performed and worked at the Tallinn Drama Theatre. From 1936 to 1940 he was the chairman of Estonian Actors' Union. Family Paul Pinna was married to the stage actress Netty Pinna Netty Pinna (also Anette-Elise Pinna, until 1908 Adler; 28 June 1883 Simuna, Avanduse Parish – 28 April 1937 Tallinn) was an Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north b .... Filmography *1913: '' Laenatud naene'' as the uncle *1929: '' Dollarid'' as Gustav Mets's father, a businessman *1947: '' Elu tsitadellis'' as a worker References 1884 births 1949 death ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodor Altermann
Theodor Altermann (24 November 1885 – 1 April 1915) was an actor, theatre director and producer in the Russian Empire. His father was Jüri Altermann, his mother was Miina Nurm. Sources * Bernhard Linde, "Theodor Altermann" – Looming (journal), Looming 1925, nr. 4, pp. 325–330 * "Theodor Altermann". Mälestusteos, autorid: Ants Lauter, Bernhard Linde, Paul Pinna, Albert Org, Hugo Raudsepp, Erna Villmer, Albert Üksip. Näitekunsti Sihtkapitali Valitsus, Tallinn 1940, 67 pp. * Hugo Viires, "Theodor Altermann" – Looming (journal), Looming 1940, nr. 9, pp. 1002–04 * Paul Pinna, "Theodor Altermann" – Looming (journal), Looming 1945, nr. 11, pp. 1145–58 * Lilian Kirepe, "Theodor Altermann. Ülevaade elust ja tegevusest". ''Teatriteed'' series, "Eesti Raamat", Tallinn 1968, 77 pp. * "Theodor Altermann – 100" – "Teater. Muusika. Kino" 1985, nr. 11, pp. 55–65 * , pp 169–171. External links Theodor Altermanni palanguline aeg Kultuur ja Elu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Vilde
Eduard Vilde ( – 26 December 1933) was an Estonian writer, a pioneer of critical realism in Estonian literature, and a diplomat. He was the author of classics such as ''The War in Mahtra'' and ''The Milkman from Mäeküla''. He was one of the most revered figures in Estonian literature and is generally credited as being the country's first professional writer. Life and career Vilde grew up on the farm where his father worked. In 1883, he began working as a journalist. He spent a great deal of his life traveling abroad and he lived for some time in Berlin in the 1890s, where he was influenced by materialism and socialism. His writings were also guided by the realism and naturalism of the French writer Émile Zola (1840–1902). In addition to being a prolific writer, he was also an outspoken critic of Tsarist rule and of the German landowners. With the founding of the first Estonian republic in 1919, he served as an ambassador in Berlin for several years, and spent the last ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oskar Luts
Oskar Luts ( – 23 March 1953) was an Estonian writer and playwright. Biography Oskar Luts was born into a middle-class family in Järvepera, central Estonia, at that time in the governorate of Livonia (Russian Empire). His younger brother was the film director and cinematographer Theodor Luts. Oskar Luts attended Änkküla village school in 1894. He went to Palamuse Parish school in Jõgeva County, attending from 1895–1899. In 1899–1902 he studied at the Tartu Reaalkool. In 1903, Luts started working as an apothecary apprentice in Tartu and Narva. After passing the apothecary apprentice exams, he went to work in Tallinn (1903). During his military service in Saint Petersburg (1909–1911) he also worked in the apothecary field. He continued this work in Dorpat while studying pharmacy at university. When World War I started, Oskar Luts was conscripted into the Russian army. He worked as a military pharmacist in Pskov, Warsaw, Daugavpils, Vilnius and in Vitebsk Viteb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August Kitzberg
August Kitzberg ( in Laatre Parish, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire – 10 October 1927 in Tartu) was an Estonian writer. Life Until 1863, August Kitzberg was known as August Kits. He grew up in Niitsaadu farmstead in Penuja village, Abja Parish (1857–1871), where his brother, Jaak Kits, was a schoolteacher. He worked for a time in Viljandi and present-day Latvia before moving to Tartu in 1901, where he worked as a manager of the newspaper ''Postimees is an Estonian daily newspaper established on 5 June 1857, by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. In 1891, it became the first daily newspaper in Estonia. Its current editor-in-chief is Priit Hõbemägi. The paper has approximately 250 employees. ''P ...''. His early works consisted of comedies and humorous stories of village life. In Tartu, Kitzberg began working with Karl Menning at the Vanemuine Theatre, and his plays developed a component of social criticism. There is a monument and museum dedicated to Kitzberg in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerhart Hauptmann
Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann (; 15 November 1862 – 6 June 1946) was a German dramatist and novelist. He is counted among the most important promoters of Naturalism (literature), literary naturalism, though he integrated other styles into his work as well. He received the 1912 Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize in Literature in 1912. Life Childhood and youth Gerhart Hauptmann was born in 1862 in Szczawno-Zdrój, Obersalzbrunn, now known as Szczawno-Zdrój, in Lower Silesia (then a part of the Kingdom of Prussia, now a part of Poland). His parents were Robert and Marie Hauptmann, who ran a hotel in the area. As a youth, Hauptmann had a reputation of being loose with the truth. His elder brother was Carl Hauptmann. Beginning in 1868, he attended the village school and then, in 1874, the Realschule in Breslau for which he had only barely passed the qualifying exam. Hauptmann had difficulties adjusting himself to his new surroundings in the city. He lived, along with his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tallinn
Tallinn is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Estonia, most populous city of Estonia. Situated on a Tallinn Bay, bay in north Estonia, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, it has a population of (as of 2025) and administratively lies in the Harju County, Harju ''Counties of Estonia, maakond'' (county). Tallinn is the main governmental, financial, industrial, and cultural centre of Estonia. It is located northwest of the country's second largest city, Tartu, however, only south of Helsinki, Finland; it is also west of Saint Petersburg, Russia, north of Riga, Latvia, and east of Stockholm, Sweden. From the 13th century until the first half of the 20th century, Tallinn was known in most of the world by variants of its other historical Names of Tallinn in different languages, name Reval. “Reval” received Lübeck law, Lübeck city rights in 1248; however, the earliest evidence of human settlement in the area dates back nearly 5,000 years. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henrik Ibsen
Henrik Johan Ibsen (; ; 20 March 1828 – 23 May 1906) was a Norwegian playwright, poet and actor. Ibsen is considered the world's pre-eminent dramatist of the 19th century and is often referred to as "the father of modern drama." He pioneered theatrical realism, but also wrote lyrical epic works. His major works include ''Brand'', ''Peer Gynt'', '' Emperor and Galilean'', '' A Doll's House'', '' Ghosts'', '' An Enemy of the People'', '' The Wild Duck'', '' Rosmersholm'', '' Hedda Gabler'', '' The Master Builder'', and '' When We Dead Awaken''. Ibsen is the most frequently performed dramatist in the world after Shakespeare, and ''A Doll's House'' was the world's most performed play in 2006. Ibsen was born into the merchant elite of the port town of Skien, and had strong family ties to the families who had held power and wealth in Telemark since the mid-1500s. Both his parents belonged socially or biologically to the Paus family of Rising and Altenburggården—the extende ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Menning
Karl Menning (11 May 1874 in Tartu – 5 March 1941 in Tartu) was an Estonian theatre director, critic and diplomat. In 1902, he graduated from University of Tartu's department of religion. In 1906-1914, he was the first theatre director of Vanemuine theatre. From 1921 until 1933, he was the Estonian Envoy (title), minister to Germany. In 1925, he was appointed the Estonian minister to Austria and in 1931 to Hungary. From 1934 until 1937, he was the Estonian minister to Latvia. In Tartu, there is the monument to Menning. The monument was created by Mare Mikhof, and was erected in 2006. References 1874 births 1941 deaths Estonian theatre directors Estonian theatre critics Diplomats for Estonia Estonian diplomats University of Tartu alumni Writers from Tartu {{Estonia-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
