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The Starfish And The Spider
''The Starfish and the Spider: The Unstoppable Power of Leaderless Organizations'' is a 2006 book by Ori Brafman (author of the 2010 book ''Click: The Magic of Instant Connections'') and Rod Beckstrom. It is an exploration of the implications of the rise of decentralized organizations such as Grokster and Wikipedia. The book contrasts them to centralized organizations, such as ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', using compendia of knowledge as examples. The spider and starfish analogy refers to the contrasting biological nature of the respective organisms, starfish having a decentralized neural structure permitting regeneration. In addition to giving historical examples of decentralized organizations such as Alcoholics Anonymous and the Apaches and analyzing their nature in contrast to centralized organizations, the book considers conflict between centralized and decentralized organizations, including the "If you can't beat them, join them" solution of creating hybrid organizations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ori Brafman
Ori or ORI may refer to: People * Ori (Hebrew), a Hebrew given name, and a list of people with the name * Ori Kowarsky (born 1970), Canadian filmmaker and lawyer * Ōri Umesaka (1900–1965), Japanese photographer * Amos Ori (born 1956), Israeli physicist and professor * Györgyi Őri (born 1955), Hungarian former handball player * Israel Ori (1658–1711), figure of the Armenian national liberation movement and diplomat * Valvil Ori, a king in what is now Tamil Nadu, India around 200 AD Fictional or mythical characters * Ori, in the List of dwarfs in Norse mythology * Ori (Middle-earth), a dwarf in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium of Middle-earth * Ori (Stargate), fictional evil beings in the ''Stargate SG-1'' television series * Ori, the titular protagonist of the ''Ori and the Blind Forest'' and ''Ori and the Will of the Wisps'' video games Organizations * United States Office of Research Integrity, a government body * Old Republic International, a property insurance and title an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EMule
eMule is a Free software, free peer-to-peer file sharing application for Microsoft Windows. Started in May 2002 as an alternative to eDonkey2000, eMule connects to both the eDonkey network and the Kad network. The distinguishing features of eMule are the direct exchange of sources between client nodes, recovery of corrupted downloads, and the use of a credit system to reward frequent uploaders. eMule transmits data in zlib-compressed form to save bandwidth. eMule is written in C++ using the Microsoft Foundation Classes. Since July 2002 eMule has been free software, released under the GNU General Public License; which has led to eMule's codebase being used as the basis of cross-platform clients aMule, JMule, xMule, along with the release of eMule modifications of the original eMule. it is the fifth most downloaded project on SourceForge, with over 693 million downloads. Development was later restarted by the community as eMule Community. History The eMule project was start ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Granville Sharp
Granville Sharp (10 November 1735 – 6 July 1813) was an English scholar, philanthropist and one of the first campaigners for the Abolitionism in the United Kingdom, abolition of the slave trade in Britain. Born in Durham, England, Durham, he initially worked as a civil servant in the Board of Ordnance. His involvement in abolitionism began in 1767 when he defended a severely injured slave from Barbados in a legal case against his master. Increasingly devoted to the cause, he continually sought Test case (law), test cases against the legal justifications for slavery, and in 1769 he published the first tract in England that explicitly attacked the concept of slavery. Granville Sharp's efforts culminated in 1772 when he was instrumental in securing William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, Lord Mansfield's ruling in ''Somerset v Stewart'', which held that slavery had no basis in English law. In 1787, Sharp and Thomas Clarkson founded the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Sl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burning Man
Burning Man is a week-long large-scale desert event focused on "community, art, self-expression, and self-reliance" held annually in the Western United States. The event's name comes from its ceremony on the penultimate night of the event: the symbolic burning of a large wooden effigy, referred to as the Man, the Saturday evening before Labor Day. Since 1990, the event has been at Black Rock City in northwestern Nevada, a temporary city erected in the Black Rock Desert about north-northeast of Reno, Nevada, Reno. According to Burning Man co-founder Larry Harvey in 2004, the event is guided by ten stated principles: radical inclusion, Gift Economy, gifting, decommodification, radical self-reliance, radical self-expression, communal effort, Civic engagement, civic responsibility, Leave no trace, leaving no trace, participation, and immediacy. Burning Man features no headliners or scheduled performers; participants create all the art, activities, and events. Artwork includes exper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apache Software Foundation
The Apache Software Foundation ( ; ASF) is an American nonprofit corporation (classified as a 501(c)(3) organization in the United States) to support a number of open-source software projects. The ASF was formed from a group of developers of the Apache HTTP Server, and incorporated on March 25, 1999. it includes approximately 1000 members. The Apache Software Foundation is a decentralized open source community of developers. The software they produce is distributed under the terms of the Apache License, a permissive open-source license for free and open-source software (FOSS). The Apache projects are characterized by a collaborative, consensus-based development process and an open and pragmatic software license, which is to say that it allows developers, who receive the software freely, to redistribute it under non-free terms. Each project is managed by a self-selected team of technical experts who are active contributors to the project. The ASF is a meritocracy, implying tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Craigslist
Craigslist (stylized as craigslist) is a privately held American company operating a classified advertisements website with sections devoted to jobs, housing, for sale, items wanted, services, community service, gigs, résumés, and discussion forums. Craig Newmark began the service in 1995 as an email distribution list to friends, featuring local events in the San Francisco Bay Area. It became a web-based service in 1996 and expanded into other classified categories. It started expanding to other U.S. and Canadian cities in 2000. In 2023 Craigslist listed seven hundred cities in 70 countries on its website and generated 560 million visits per month. Despite such global presence, 90% of the website visitors are from the USA. Nevertheless, according to Alexa, Craigslist was the #19 most visited website in the United States in 2022 and #16 in the World in 2023. History Having observed people helping one another in friendly, social, and trusting communal ways on the Interne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Craig Newmark
Craig Alexander Newmark (born December 6, 1952) is an American internet entrepreneur and philanthropist best known as the founder of the classifieds website Craigslist. Before founding Craigslist, he worked as a computer programmer for IBM, Bank of America, and Charles Schwab. Newmark served as chief executive officer of Craigslist from its founding until 2000. He founded Craig Newmark Philanthropies in 2014. Early life and education Newmark was born to Joyce and Lee Newmark, a bookkeeper and insurance and meat salesman, who were Jewish, in 1952 in Morristown, New Jersey. As a child, Newmark liked science fiction and comic books, and wanted to become a paleontologist. When Newmark was thirteen, his father died from cancer. His mother then moved him and his younger brother, Jeff, to Jacob Ford Village in Morristown. As a teenager, Newmark attended Morristown High School, where he became interested in physics. He wore taped-together, black-rimmed glasses and a pocket protector. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skype
Skype () was a proprietary telecommunications application operated by Skype Technologies, a division of Microsoft, best known for IP-based videotelephony, videoconferencing and voice calls. It also had instant messaging, file transfer, debit-based calls to landline and mobile telephones (over traditional telephone networks), and other features. It was available on various desktop, mobile, and video game console platforms. Skype was created by Niklas Zennström, Janus Friis, and four Estonian developers, and first released in August 2003. In September 2005, eBay acquired it for $2.6 billion. In September 2009, Silver Lake, Andreessen Horowitz, and the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board bought 65% of Skype for $1.9 billion from eBay, valuing the business at $2.92 billion. In May 2011, Microsoft bought Skype for $8.5 billion and used it to replace its own Windows Live Messenger. As of 2011, most of the development team and 44% of all the div ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niklas Zennstrom
Niklas is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stare Miasto, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately south of Stare Miasto, south of Konin, and east of the regional capital Poznań Poznań ( ) is a city on the Warta, River Warta in west Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business center and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint John's .... References Villages in Konin County {{Konin-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Napster
Napster was an American proprietary peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing application primarily associated with digital audio file distribution. Founded by Shawn Fanning and Sean Parker, the platform originally launched on June 1, 1999. Audio shared on the service was typically encoded in the MP3 format. As the software became popular, the company encountered legal difficulties over copyright infringement. Napster ceased operations in 2001 after losing multiple lawsuits and filed for bankruptcy in June 2002. The P2P model employed by Napster involved a centralized database that indexed a complete list of all songs being shared from connected clients. While effective, the service could not function without the central database, which was hosted by Napster and eventually forced to shut down. Following Napster's demise, alternative decentralized methods of P2P file-sharing emerged, including LimeWire, Gnutella, Freenet, FastTrack, I2P, and BitTorrent. Napster's assets were event ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netcom (United States)
NETCOM On-Line Communication Services, Inc. was an Internet service provider headquartered in San Jose, California. Early history Netcom was established in 1988 by Bob Rieger, an information systems engineer for Lockheed and Bill Gitow of System V. The company started off in San Jose, California as a service to allow local students to access university networks off-campus. The original accounts were all dialup shell accounts on Intel 80386 Tandy PCs running Xenix, with email addresses in the format of [email protected]. Netcom soon served 95% of the San Francisco Bay Area. They later expanded to serve other areas and replaced the Tandy PCs with equipment from Sun Microsystems. When first launched, Rieger was the only system administrator for the company. Users would call him early in the morning to fix Internet access issues until he hired night staff. In 1992, the company was incorporated. As the World Wide Web became more popular, and users were looking for an easy way t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apache Indians
The Apache ( ) are several Southern Athabaskan language-speaking peoples of the Southwestern United States, Southwest, the Southern Plains and Northern Mexico. They are linguistically related to the Navajo. They migrated from the Athabascan homelands in the north into the Southwest between 1000 and 1500 CE. Apache bands include the Chiricahua, Jicarilla Apache, Jicarilla, Lipan Apache people, Lipan, Mescalero, Mimbreño Apache, Mimbreño, Salinero Apaches, Salinero, Plains Apache, Plains, and Western Apache (San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, Aravaipa, Pinaleño Mountains, Pinaleño, Fort Apache Indian Reservation, Coyotero, and Tonto Apache, Tonto). Today, Apache tribes and Indian reservation, reservations are headquartered in Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma, while in Mexico the Apache are settled in Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila and areas of Tamaulipas. Each Native American tribe, tribe is politically autonomous. Historically, the Apache homelands have consisted of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
