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The Ruin (Ukrainian History)
The Ruin () is a historical term introduced by the Cossack chronicle writer Samiilo Velychko (1670–1728) for the political situation in Ukrainian history during the second half of the 17th century. The timeframe of the period varies among historians: * Some historians such as Mykola Kostomarov define the period between 1663 and 1687, associating it with the three Moscow-appointed hetmans of Left-bank Ukraine ( Briukhovetsky, Mnohohrishny and Samoylovych). * Other historians interpret the period between 1660 and 1687, from the Treaty of Chudnov that led to division among the Cossack community. * considered the timeframe as 1657–1687, from the death of hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky in 1657, particularly the Pushkar- Barabash Mutiny, until the ascension of hetman Ivan Mazepa in 1687. The period was characterised by continuous strife, civil war, and foreign intervention by neighbours of Ukraine. A Ukrainian saying of the time, ''Від Богдана до Івана не � ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the north; Poland and Slovakia to the west; Hungary, Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is the nation's capital and List of cities in Ukraine, largest city, followed by Kharkiv, Odesa, and Dnipro. Ukraine's official language is Ukrainian language, Ukrainian. Humans have inhabited Ukraine since 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, it was the site of early Slavs, early Slavic expansion and later became a key centre of East Slavs, East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century. Kievan Rus' became the largest and most powerful realm in Europe in the 10th and 11th centuries, but gradually disintegrated into rival regional powers before being d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yakym Somko
Yakym Somko ( Old Ukrainian: Іоаким Сомко, modern ) ( 1610s in Pereiaslav – September 28, 1664), was a Ukrainian Cossack military leader of the Pereiaslav regiment and was the Acting Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine in 1660-1663, during The Ruin. He was first appointed captain of the Pereiaslav regiment in 1654, and became the acting colonel in 1658. At the Pereiaslav Council of 1660, which concluded the Treaty of Slobodyshche, he was elected colonel of the Pereiaslav regiment and Acting Hetman of Left-Bank Ukraine. But he strongly opposed the treaty because it restored the union with Poland, and annulled the Pereiaslav articles, which he favored more of a pro-Russian orientation. Which caused a civil war between Right-bank Cossacks who favored a pro-Polish policies, and Left-bank Cossacks who favored pro-Russian policies. In 1661 he led a revolt against Yurii Khmelnytsky with left-bank regiments, and Zaporozhian otaman Ivan Briukhovetsky. During the Rus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samiilo Velychko
Samiilo Vasyliovych Velychko (; 11 February 1670 – after 1728) was a Cossack nobility, Cossack nobleman and chronicler who wrote the first systematic presentation of the history of the Cossack Hetmanate. Life He was born in the family of the Cossack Vasily Velychko in the village of Zhuky of the first hundred Poltava regiment. His father was able to write, was a man of wisdom and respected and had a large library. Successfully passed entrance exams to the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium, which at that time was one of the most reputable educational institutions in Europe. Successfully graduated from college before 1690. From this year he took office as the clerk of the General Military Chancellery, headed by Vasyl Kochubey. Velichko also fulfilled the special orders of Vasyl Kochubey, "the most necessary and secret military affairs," engaging in correspondence with the Tsar, Russian tsar and sending encrypted letters to the princes of Walla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cossack
The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic Eastern Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. Cossacks played an important role in defending the southern borders of Ukraine and Russia, countering the Crimean-Nogai raids, alongside economically developing steppe regions north of the Black Sea and around the Azov Sea. Historically, they were a semi-nomadic and semi-militarized people, who, while under the nominal suzerainty of various Eastern European states at the time, were allowed a great degree of self-governance in exchange for military service. Although numerous linguistic and religious groups came together to form the Cossacks, most of them coalesced and became East Slavic–speaking Orthodox Christians. The rulers of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russian Empire endowed Cossacks with certain special privileges in return for the military duty to serve in the irregular troops: Zaporozhian Cossac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyiv
Kyiv, also Kiev, is the capital and most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city of Ukraine. Located in the north-central part of the country, it straddles both sides of the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2022, its population was 2,952,301, making Kyiv the List of European cities by population within city limits, seventh-most populous city in Europe. Kyiv is an important industrial, scientific, educational, and cultural center. It is home to many High tech, high-tech industries, higher education institutions, and historical landmarks. The city has an extensive system of Transport in Kyiv, public transport and infrastructure, including the Kyiv Metro. The city's name is said to derive from the name of Kyi, one of its four legendary founders. During History of Kyiv, its history, Kyiv, one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe, passed through several stages of prominence and obscurity. The city probably existed as a commercial center as early as the 5th century. A Slav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsardom Of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan the Terrible, Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721. From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of per year. The period includes the Time of Troubles, upheavals of the transition from the Rurik Dynasty, Rurik to the House of Romanov, Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Swedish Empire, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire. During the Great Northern War, he implemented government reform of Peter I, substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire after Treaty of Nystad, victory over Sweden in 1721. Name While the oldest Endonym and exonym, endonyms of the Grand Principality of Moscow used in its documents were "Rus'" () and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cossack Hetmanate
The Cossack Hetmanate (; Cossack Hetmanate#Name, see other names), officially the Zaporozhian Host (; ), was a Ukrainian Cossacks, Cossack state. Its territory was located mostly in central Ukraine, as well as in parts of Belarus and southwestern Russia. It existed between 1649 and 1764, although its administrative-judicial system persisted until 1781. The Hetmanate was founded in the eastern territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by the Treaty of Zboriv, signed on August 18, 1649 by Bohdan Khmelnytsky (Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host) and Adam Kysil (representing Crown Forces), as a result of Khmelnytsky Uprising. Establishment of vassal relations with the Tsardom of Russia in the Pereiaslav Agreement, Treaty of Pereiaslav of 1654 is considered a benchmark of the Cossack Hetmanate in Soviet, Ukrainian, and Russian historiography. The second Pereiaslav Articles, Pereiaslav Council in 1659 restricted the independence of the Hetmanate, and from the Russian side there ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Sirko
Ivan Dmytrovych Sirko ( – August 11, 1680) was a Zaporozhian Cossack military leader, Koshovyi Otaman of the Zaporozhian Host and putative co-author of the famous semi-legendary Cossack letter to the Ottoman sultan that inspired the major painting '' Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks'' by the 19th-century artist Ilya Repin. Early life and origin The first biography of Ivan Sirko, written by Dmytro Yavornytsky in 1890, gave Sirko's place of birth as the sloboda of Merefa near the modern-day city of Kharkiv. Historian Yuriy Mytsyik states that this could not be the case. In his book ''Otaman Ivan Sirko''Otaman Ivan Sirko by Yuriy Mytsyik (1999) he writes that Merefa was established only in 1658 (more than 40 years after the birth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yakiv Barabash
Yakiv Fedorovych Barabash () died in September 1658) was a Zaporozhian Cossack Otaman (1657–58) who opposed Hetman Ivan Vyhovsky. In 1657 he and Poltava polkovnyk Martyn Pushkar led a pro-Muscovy revolt against Vyhovsky, who was generally pro-Polish in his policies. The revolt ended in June 1658 near Poltava, when Vyhovsky and his Cossacks The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic languages, East Slavic Eastern Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. Cossacks played an important role in defending the southern borde ... defeated the rebellion. Barabash was later captured and executed. References * *Ihor Pidkova (editor), Roman Shust (editor),Dovidnyk z istorii Ukrainy, 3 Volumes, Kyiv, 1993-1999, (t. 1), (t. 2), (t. 3). Article {{DEFAULTSORT:Barabash, Yakiv 17th-century Ukrainian people 1658 deaths Zaporozhian Cossacks Cossack rebels Russian people of the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) 18th-ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kish Otaman
Kish may refer to: Businesses and organisations * KISH, a radio station in Guam * Kish Air, an Iranian airline * Korean International School in Hanoi, Vietnam People * Kish (surname), including a list of people with the name * Kish, a former stage name of Andrew Kishino (born 1970), Canadian actor and rapper * Kish (Bible), father of Saul * Kish, a Jaredite king in the Book of Mormon Places * Gishi, Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan, also called Kish * Kiş, Shaki, Azerbaijan ** Church of Kish * Kish Island, Iran ** Kish, Iran, a city ** Kish Gas Field ** Kish International Airport ** Kish District, an administrative subdivision ** Kish Rural District, an administrative subdivision * Kish (Sumer), an ancient city now in Iraq ** Kish civilization, an ancient Mesopotamian culture * Kish Bank, off the coast of Dublin, Ireland * Kishacoquillas Valley, or Kish Valley, Pennsylvania, U.S. * Kish, historic name of Shahrisabz, Uzbekistan Other uses * Iranian yacht ''Kish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Samoylovych
Ivan Samoylovych (, , ; died 1690) was the Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine from 1672 to 1687. His term in office was marked by further incorporation of the Cossack Hetmanate into the Tsardom of Russia and by attempts to win Right-bank Ukraine from Poland–Lithuania. Public policy Ivan Samoylovych first rose to prominence during Ivan Briukhovetsky's revolt against Tsardom of Russia. After Briukhovetsky's execution he supported Demian Mnohohrishny as a new hetman and swore allegiance to the Russian Tsar. Securing Mnohohrishny's deposition, he was elected the Hetman of the Left-Bank Ukraine in Konotop on 17 June 1672. In public affairs, the ruler paid great attention to stabilization of internal situation in Ukraine. He took care of the expansion of the Ukrainian Mercenary army – serdiuk (Infantry) and companiskyi (Cavalry) regiments. He also contributed to the strengthening of the state elite. During the years of Samoilovich hetmanship, such a privileged group of the state el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
