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The Road To Calvary
''The Road to Calvary'' (), also translated as ''Ordeal'', is a trilogy of novels by Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy, tracing the fate of the Russian intelligentsia on the eve of, during, and after the revolution of 1917. It consists of the novels ''Sisters'' (1918–1922; «Сёстры»), ''The Eighteenth Year'' (1927–1928; «Восемнадцатый год») and ''Gloomy Morning'' (1940–1941; «Хмурое утро»). The first part was written for the ''émigré '' readers, while the rest was written as a work of Socialist realism. Background The first part, ''Sisters'', was written from 1918 to 1920, during the author's emigration, while the rest he wrote after his return to Soviet Russia. The novel ''Sisters'' was published in the White émigré journals ''Gryadushchaya Rossiya'' and '' Sovremennye zapiski'' under the title ''Walking Through Torments''. In 1941, after the start of the Great Patriotic War, Tolstoy reworked the 2 first parts and wrote the third one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Road To Calvary (TV Series)
''The Road to Calvary'' () is a Russian 12-episode television miniseries from 2017. It is based on the eponymous trilogy of novels of the Soviet writer Alexei Tolstoy and directed by Konstantin Khudyakov. The first run began on November 27, 2017 at 21:40 on NTV in Russia. The series was available on Netflix with English subtitles but Netflix seems to have pulled it as of September 2020. Plot The series covers the years 1914-1919. The action begins before the outbreak of World War I. Society is in anticipation of major change. In the center of the story are the Bulavina sisters: Katya and Dasha. The girls share a love for the decadent poet Alexei Bessonov, who changes their worldview and way of thinking, predicting the end of Russia. The first world war brings new experiences to the serene existence of the Bulavin-Smokovnikov family. After the war and revolution, the ways of the sisters diverge. Katerina Bulavina falls in love with the white officer Vadim Roshchin. Cast * A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White émigré
White Russian émigrés were Russians who emigrated from the territory of the former Russian Empire in the wake of the Russian Revolution (1917) and Russian Civil War (1917–1923), and who were in opposition to the revolutionary Bolshevik communist Russian political climate. Many White Russian émigrés participated in the White movement or supported it. The term is often broadly applied to anyone who may have left the country due to the change in regimes. Some Russian émigrés, like Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries, were opposed to the Bolsheviks but had not directly supported the White Russian movement; some were apolitical. The term is also applied to the descendants of those who left and who still retain a Russian Orthodox Christian identity while living abroad. The term " émigré" is most commonly used in France, the United States, and the United Kingdom. A term preferred by the émigrés themselves was first-wave émigré (, , ), "Russian émigrés" (, , ) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novels By Alexei Tolstoy
A novel is an extended work of narrative fiction usually written in prose and published as a book. The word derives from the for 'new', 'news', or 'short story (of something new)', itself from the , a singular noun use of the neuter plural of ''novellus'', diminutive of ''novus'', meaning 'new'. According to Margaret Doody, the novel has "a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years", with its origins in the Ancient Greek and Roman novel, Medieval Chivalric romance, and the tradition of the Italian Renaissance novella.Margaret Anne Doody''The True Story of the Novel'' New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1996, rept. 1997, p. 1. Retrieved 25 April 2014. The ancient romance form was revived by Romanticism, in the historical romances of Walter Scott and the Gothic novel. Some novelists, including Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Ann Radcliffe, and John Cowper Powys, preferred the term ''romance''. Such romances should not be confused with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Sisters (1957 Film)
''The Sisters'' () is a 1957 Soviet epic film directed by Grigori Roshal. It based on ''Sisters'' (1918–1922), the first part of Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy's ''The Road to Calvary'' trilogy. The film depicts the Russian Empire during the First World War; two sisters in Petrograd pursue romance in the runup to the Russian Revolution. Plot Set in 1914, the film opens with a silent scene of Katya riding in a carriage with Bessonov. The narrative then shifts to Dasha’s visit to Telegin’s apartment, a futurist evening, and her first meeting with Telegin. A fleeting encounter between Dasha and Telegin occurs in spring, though she fails to notice him. Katya receives violets from Bessonov and confesses her love for him. At an evening reception at the Smokovnikovs’, "The Modern Venus" is presented. Meanwhile, Telegin witnesses a factory strike and the brutal shooting of workers. Dasha confronts Bessonov and later chastises Katya, prompting Katya to confess her infidelity to her ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
T-34
The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank from World War II. When introduced, its 76.2 mm (3 in) tank gun was more powerful than many of its contemporaries, and its 60-degree sloped armour provided good protection against Anti-tank warfare, anti-tank weapons. The T-34 had a profound effect on the conflict on the Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front, and had a long-lasting impact on tank design. The tank was praised by German generals when encountered during Operation Barbarossa, although its armour and armament were surpassed later in the war. Its main strength was its cost and production time, meaning that German panzer forces would often fight against Soviet tank forces several times their own size. The T-34 was also a critical part of the mechanized divisions that formed the backbone of the Deep operation, deep battle strategy. The T-34 was the mainstay of the Soviet Red Army armoured warfare, armoured forces throughout the war. Its general specifications remained n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USSR State Prize
The USSR State Prize () was one of the Soviet Union’s highest civilian honours, awarded from its establishment in September 1966 until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. It recognised outstanding contributions in the fields of science, mathematics, literature, the arts, and architecture. History State Stalin Prize (1941–1956) The award traces its origins to the State Stalin Prize (), commonly known as the Stalin Prize, which was established in 1941. It honoured achievements in science, technology, literature, and the arts deemed vital to the Soviet war effort and postwar reconstruction.Volkov, Solomon; Bouis, Antonina W., trans. 2004. ''Shostakovich and Stalin: The Extraordinary Relationship Between the Great Composer and the Brutal Dictator''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-375-41082-1. Ceremonies were suspended during 1944–45 and then held twice in 1946 (January for works from 1943–44; June for 1945 works). USSR State Prize (1966–1991) By 1966, the Stalin Prize h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GOELRO Plan
GOELRO () was the first of Soviet Russia's plans for national economic recovery and development. It became the prototype for subsequent Five-Year Plans drafted by Gosplan. GOELRO is the transliteration of the Russian abbreviation for "State Commission for Electrification of Russia" (). The Commission and Plan were initiated and supervised by Vladimir Lenin. Lenin's belief in the central importance of electrification to the achievement of communism is represented by his statement: Foundation The commission was established by the Presidium of the VSNKh on February 21, 1920, in accordance with February 3, 1920, VTsIK resolution on the electrification plan development. The director of the commission was Gleb Krzhizhanovsky. About 200 scientists and engineers participated, including Genrikh Graftio, Ivan Alexandrov, Mikhail Shatelen and others. By the end of 1920 the Commission devised the "Russian SFSR Electrification Plan" (), that was approved subsequently by the 8th Al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gleb Krzhizhanovsky
Gleb Maksimilianovich Krzhizhanovsky (; 24 January Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New Style dates">O.S. 12 January1872 – 31 March 1959) was a Soviet Union">Soviet scientist, statesman, revolutionary, Old Bolshevik, and state figure as well as a geographer and writer. Born to the family of a Russian nobility, nobleman of Polish descent (Polish surname: Krzyżanowski), he became the longtime chairman of the Gosplan and director of the GOELRO, an Academician of Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1929) and a Hero of Socialist Labour (1957). Life and career Krzhizhanovsky was born in 1872 to an intellectual family in Samara. In 1889 he moved to Saint Petersburg, where he attended the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology, becoming involved in Marxist circles in 1891. He was a close friend and colleague of Lenin, with whom he edited the newspaper ''Rabotnik'' ('The Worker') and, in 1895, he was a co-founder, with Lenin, of the L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1922 to 1952 and as the fourth Premier of the Soviet Union, premier from 1941 until his death. He initially governed as part of a Collective leadership in the Soviet Union, collective leadership, but Joseph Stalin's rise to power, consolidated power to become an absolute dictator by the 1930s. Stalin codified the party's official interpretation of Marxism as Marxism–Leninism, while the totalitarian political system he created is known as Stalinism. Born into a poor Georgian family in Gori, Georgia, Gori, Russian Empire, Stalin attended the Tiflis Theological Seminary before joining the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. He raised f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ( 187021 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin, his death in 1924, and of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death. As the founder and leader of the Bolsheviks, Lenin led the October Revolution which established the world's first socialist state. His government won the Russian Civil War and created a one-party state under the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, his developments to the ideology are called Leninism. Born into a middle-class family in Simbirsk in the Russian Empire, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics after Aleksandr Ulyanov, his brother was executed in 1887 for plotting to assassinate Alexander III of Russia, the tsar. He was expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in student prote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars to oppose the military forces of the new nation's adversaries during the Russian Civil War, especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army. In February 1946, the Red Army (which embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces alongside the Soviet Navy) was renamed the "Soviet Army". Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union it was split between the post-Soviet states, with its bulk becoming the Russian Ground Forces, commonly considered to be the successor of the Soviet Army. The Red Army provided the largest land warfare, ground force in the Allies of World War II, Allied victory in the European theatre of World War II, and its Soviet invasion of Manchuria, invasion of Manchuria assisted the un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
