|
The Red Army Is The Strongest
"The Red Army Is the Strongest", popularly known by its incipit "White Army, Black Baron", is a Soviet march song written by and composed by Samuel Pokrass. Written in 1920, during the Russian Civil War, the song was meant as a combat anthem for the Red Army. History The immediate context of the song is the final Crimean offensive in the Russian Civil War by Pyotr Wrangel's troops in July 1920. The second verse refers to the call to a final effort in the Crimea published by the Revolutionary Military Council in ''Pravda'' on 10 July. While the song has a separate refrain, the verses repeat the claim that "The Red Army is stronger than all", which came to be the song's conventional title. The first verse of the song reads as follows: "Black Baron" was a nickname of Wrangel's, from his alleged penchant for wearing (and dressing some of his elite units in) black uniforms. Wrangel's offensive was indeed halted by the Red Army, and Wrangel and his troops were forced to retreat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Pokrass
Samuel Yakovlevich Pokrass (; 1894, in Kiev – June 15, 1939, in New York City) was a Soviet composer of Russian and History of the Jews in Russia, Jewish origin. In 1920, during the Russian Civil War, he and the poet P. Grigoryev wrote fighting songs for the Red Army, including "White Army, Black Baron". That song's melody was used for the song "Die Arbeiter von Wien" ("The Workers of Vienna") in Red Vienna. Pokrass later emigrated to the United States, where he worked as a composer in Hollywood from 1934 to 1939, and was known primarily for the 1939 musical film ''The Three Musketeers (1939 film), The Three Musketeers''. References *A. V. Shilov, Из истории первых советских песен (1917–24), М., 1963 *A. Sokhor, Как начиналась советская музыка, "МЖ", 1967, No 2. External links * 1894 births 1939 deaths Musicians from Kyiv People from Kievsky Uyezd Jewish composers Soviet composers Soviet male composers Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yiddish
Yiddish, historically Judeo-German, is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated in 9th-century Central Europe, and provided the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German fused with many elements taken from Hebrew language, Hebrew (notably Mishnaic Hebrew, Mishnaic) and to some extent Aramaic. Most varieties of Yiddish include elements of Slavic languages and the vocabulary contains traces of Romance languages.Aram Yardumian"A Tale of Two Hypotheses: Genetics and the Ethnogenesis of Ashkenazi Jewry".University of Pennsylvania. 2013. Yiddish has traditionally been written using the Hebrew alphabet. Prior to World War II, there were 11–13 million speakers. 85% of the approximately 6 million Jews who were murdered in the Holocaust were Yiddish speakers,Solomon Birnbaum, ''Grammatik der jiddischen Sprache'' (4., erg. Aufl., Hamburg: Buske, 1984), p. 3. leading to a massive decline in the use of the language. Jewish ass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chapaev Battalion
The 13th International Brigade – often known as the XIII Dąbrowski Brigade – fought for the Spanish Second Republic during the Spanish Civil War, in the International Brigades. The brigade was dissolved and then reformed on four occasions. 1st Formation The brigade was first mustered at the International Brigade headquarters in Albacete in December 1936. The custom was to name Brigades on formation after inspirational "heroes of the Left". The 13th Brigade was named after Jarosław Dąbrowski, a Polish general who died on foreign soil, fighting in the defence of the Paris Commune in 1871. It consisted of three battalions, and three artillery batteries. * Louise Michel (1) Battalion * Chapaev Battalion / Czapajew Battalion * Vuillemin Battalion * 1st Battery " Ernst Thaelmann" * 2nd Battery "Karl Liebknecht" * 3rd Battery " Antoni Gramsci" 2nd Formation The brigade was reformed on 4 August 1937, from Central European battalions. It again used Jarosław Dąbrowski as its e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Internationale
"The Internationale" is an international anthem that has been adopted as the anthem of various anarchist, communist, socialist, democratic socialist, and social democratic movements. It has been a standard of the socialist movement since the late nineteenth century, when the Second International adopted it as its official anthem. The title arises from the " First International", an alliance of workers founded by Karl Marx and others, which held a congress in 1864. The author of the anthem's lyrics, Eugène Pottier, a member of the French branch of the organization, attended this congress. Pottier's text was later set to an original melody composed by Pierre De Geyter, a member of the Parti Ouvrier Français (French Workers Party) in Lille in industrial northern France. Lyrics The song in its original French version was written in June 1871 by Eugène Pottier, a member of the First International and Paris Commune, after the Commune had been crushed by the French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ( 187021 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin, his death in 1924, and of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death. As the founder and leader of the Bolsheviks, Lenin led the October Revolution which established the world's first socialist state. His government won the Russian Civil War and created a one-party state under the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, his developments to the ideology are called Leninism. Born into a middle-class family in Simbirsk in the Russian Empire, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics after Aleksandr Ulyanov, his brother was executed in 1887 for plotting to assassinate Alexander III of Russia, the tsar. He was expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in student prote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nadezhda Krupskaya
Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya ( rus, links=no, Надежда Константиновна Крупская, p=nɐˈdʲeʐdə kənstɐnʲˈtʲinəvnə ˈkrupskəjə; – 27 February 1939) was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. She was a leader of the Bolsheviks, Bolshevik party and was married to Vladimir Lenin. Krupskaya was born in Saint Petersburg to an Krupski, aristocratic family that had descended into poverty, and she developed strong views about improving the lives of the poor. She embraced Marxism and met Lenin at a Marxist discussion group in 1894. Both were arrested in 1896 for revolutionary activities and after Lenin was exiled to Siberia, Krupskaya was allowed to join him in 1898 on the condition that they marry. The two settled in Munich and then London after their exile, before briefly returning to Russia to take part in the 1905 Russian Revolution, Revolution of 1905. Following the Russian Revolution, 1917 Revolution, Krupskaya was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vologda Region
Vologda (, ) is a city and the administrative center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the river Vologda within the watershed of the Northern Dvina. Population: The city serves as a major transport hub of the Northwest of Russia. The Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation has classified Vologda as a historic city, one of 41 in Russia and one of only three in Vologda Oblast. The Russian Cultinfo website wrote that there were 224 monuments of historical, artistic and cultural importance in Vologda. History Foundation The official founding year of Vologda is 1147,Official website of Vologda Oblast Government: A brief history of Vologda based on the 17th century "Tale of Miracles of Gerasimus of Vologda" and Ivan Slobodsky's 1716 "Chronicler", which t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Curzon Ultimatum
The Curzon Ultimatum was a British ultimatum delivered by British Foreign Secretary Lord Curzon to the Soviet government on the 8 May 1923. The ultimatum was a response to heightened Soviet revolutionary agitation in Islamic Asia and India, areas under British influence or control. The Ultimatum called for the Soviet Union to completely cease its revolutionary agitation and operations in Afghanistan, Persia (Iran) and India, including the withdrawal of Comintern envoys in those regions. The ultimatum threatened to cut diplomatic and strategic trade ties with the Soviet Union if it refused. On 4 June 1923, the Soviet Union agreed to these demands, not willing to sever newly built economic ties with the United Kingdom that were necessary to their industrial development. The negotiations were hailed as a success by both Lord Curzon and the Soviet Government, as Britain was able to ward off Communist revolutionary activity, whilst the Soviet Union maintained their trade relations. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lord Curzon
George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston (11 January 1859 – 20 March 1925), known as Lord Curzon (), was a British statesman, Conservative Party (UK), Conservative politician, explorer and writer who served as Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905 and Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom), Foreign Secretary from 1919 to 1924. Curzon was born in Derbyshire into an aristocratic family and educated at Eton College and Balliol College, Oxford, before entering Parliament of the United Kingdom, Parliament in 1886. In the following years, he travelled extensively in Russia, Central Asia and the Far East, and published several books on the region in which he detailed his geopolitical outlook and underlined the perceived Russian Empire, Russian threat to British control of India. In 1891, Curzon was named Under-Secretary of State for India, and in 1899 he was appointed Viceroy of India. During his tenure, he pursued a number of reforms of the British Raj, British administrati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leningrad
Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601,911 residents as of 2021, with more than 6.4 million people living in the Saint Petersburg metropolitan area, metropolitan area. Saint Petersburg is the List of European cities by population within city limits, fourth-most populous city in Europe, the List of cities and towns around the Baltic Sea, most populous city on the Baltic Sea, and the world's List of northernmost items#Cities and settlements, northernmost city of more than 1 million residents. As the former capital of the Russian Empire, and a Ports of the Baltic Sea, historically strategic port, it is governed as a Federal cities of Russia, federal city. The city was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27 May 1703 on the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bella Ciao
"Bella ciao" () is an Italian song dedicated to the partisans of the Italian resistance, who fought against the occupying troops of Nazi Germany and the collaborationist Fascist forces during the liberation of Italy. The exact origins are not known, but it is theorized to be based on a folk song of the late 19th century, sung by female workers ('' mondine'') of the paddy fields in Northern Italy in protest against harsh working conditions. There is little evidence of the song being used during World War II, with the current "partisan version" only becoming widespread after it ended. Versions of "Bella ciao" continue to be sung worldwide as a hymn of resistance against injustice and oppression. History The origins of the song are unclear, although one hypothesis is that "Bella ciao" was originally sung as "''Alla mattina appena alzata''" ("In the morning as soon as I woke up") by seasonal workers of paddy fields of rice, especially in Italy's Po Valley from the late 19th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
