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The Philosophy Of Chance
''The Philosophy of Chance'', with subtitle ''"Literature in the Light of Empiricism"'' () is an essay by Polish author Stanisław Lem on the literary theory and the influence of literature on the modern culture. However, as literary critic Henryk Markiewicz noted, the subtitle is somewhat misleading: starting with Lem's take on literary theory, the essay turns into the "General Theory of Everything": of the Universe, evolution, and culture, based on a premise that chance, eventuality is the universal factor. Jerzy JarzębskiAn afterword to the book/ref> The essay was first published in 1968 by Wydawnictwo Literackie as a book of over 600 pages. Lem's literary theory In the essay, Lem criticizes the contemporary literary theory, in particular, Roman Ingarden's ''Literary Work of Art'', and proceeds with his own. He cautions that he deals only with the ontological side of the issue, disregarding the esthetical side of literature. Lem's exposition draw on analogies from vario ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Detective Story
Detective fiction is a subgenre of crime fiction and mystery fiction in which an investigator or a detective—whether professional, amateur or retired—investigates a crime, often murder. The detective genre began around the same time as speculative fiction and other genre fiction in the mid-nineteenth century and has remained extremely popular, particularly in novels. Some of the most famous heroes of detective fiction include C. Auguste Dupin, Sherlock Holmes, Kogoro Akechi, Miss Marple and Hercule Poirot. Juvenile stories featuring The Hardy Boys, Nancy Drew, and The Boxcar Children have also remained in print for several decades. History Ancient Some scholars, such as R. H. Pfeiffer, have suggested that certain ancient and religious texts bear similarities to what would later be called detective fiction. In the Old Testament story of Susanna and the Elders (the Protestant Bible locates this story within the apocrypha), the account told by two witnesses broke down when ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michał Głowiński
Michał Głowiński (4 November 1934 – 29 September 2023) was a Polish Philology, philologist, historian and literary theorist specializing in the history of Polish literature. Głowiński was a professor of humanities and member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. Głowiński was a professor at the Institute of Literary Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences and a Member of the Collegium Invisibile. Głowiński wrote about 30 books on Polish studies. The most famous include, ''Order, Chaos, Meaning'' (1968), ''The Young-Polish Novel'' (1969), ''Black Seasons'' (Czarne sezony) (1998) and ''Rings of Alienation''. Głowiński wrote extensively on the language of Communist propaganda and his experience as a young Jewish boy in the WW2 Polish Ghettos. Early life Michał Głowiński was born in Warsaw on 4 November 1934. At the beginning of the Second World War, Głowiński and his family were placed in the ghetto in Pruszków an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Życie Literackie (1951–1991)
''Życie'' (, "Life") was an illustrated weekly established in 1897 and published in Kraków and Lwów in the Austrian partition of Poland. Founded by Ludwik Szczepański, with time it became one of the most popular Polish literary and artistic journals. Although short-lasting (it went bankrupt in 1900), it shaped an entire generation of Polish artists and art critics, notably those associated with the so-called Young Poland. Initially the weekly was focused on current news, politics, social and national matters in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Galicia. Among its collaborators and correspondents in the early period were Socialist journalists Kazimierz Kelles-Krauz, Iza Moszczeńska and Wilhelm Feldman. The magazine was initially a commercial failure and failed to gain enough readership. Under such circumstances the title was bought by Ignacy Sewer-Maciejowski, who offered the job of editor in chief to Stanisław Przybyszewski, who refocused the magazine to art an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Professor A
Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a 'person who professes'. Professors are usually experts in their field and teachers of the highest rank. In most systems of academic ranks, "professor" as an unqualified title refers only to the most senior academic position, sometimes informally known as "full professor". In some countries and institutions, the word ''professor'' is also used in titles of lower ranks such as associate professor and assistant professor; this is particularly the case in the United States, where the unqualified word is also used colloquially to refer to associate and assistant professors as well, and often to instructors or lecturers. Professors often conduct original research and commonly teach undergraduate, postgraduate, or professional courses in their fields of expertise. In universities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hospital Of The Transfiguration
''Hospital of the Transfiguration'' (in Polish: ''Szpital Przemienienia'') is a book by Polish writer Stanisław Lem. It tells the story of a young doctor, Stefan Trzyniecki, who after graduation starts to work in a psychiatric hospital. The story takes place during the Nazi occupation of Poland in the Second World War. The book is the first of a trilogy entitled '' Time Not Lost'', and the only one of the three translated into English. The book was adapted as a film of the same name ('' Hospital of the Transfiguration'') in 1979, directed by . ''Hospital of the Transfiguration'' is also available in paperback under (Mariner Books, 1991). Here "transfiguration" refers to the Transfiguration of Jesus The Transfiguration of Jesus is an event described in the New Testament where Jesus in Christianity, Jesus is Transfiguration (religion), transfigured and becomes radiant in Glory (religion), glory upon a mountain. The Synoptic Gospels (, , ) r ... and accordingly to the Chu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
His Master's Voice (novel)
''His Master's Voice'' (original Polish title: ''Głos Pana'') is a 1960s science fiction novel written by Polish writer Stanisław Lem. It was first published in 1968 and translated into English by Michael Kandel in 1983. The book incorporates a "message from space" theme. It is a densely philosophical first contact story about an effort by scientists to decode, translate, and understand an extraterrestrial transmission. The novel critically approaches humanity's intelligence and intentions in deciphering and truly comprehending a message from outer space. It is considered to be one of the three best-known books by Lem, the other two being ''Solaris'' and ''The Cyberiad''. Plot The novel is written as a first-person narrative, the memoir of a mathematician named Peter Hogarth, who becomes involved in a Pentagon-directed project (code-named "His Master's Voice", or HMV for short) somewhere in the Nevada desert, where scientists are working to decode what seems to be a m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Chain Of Chance
''The Chain of Chance'' (original Polish title: ''Katar'', literally, " Rhinitis"/ Catarrh) is a science fiction/detective novel by the Polish writer Stanisław Lem, published in 1976. Lem's treatment of the detective genre introduces many nontraditional elements. The reader is prompted not only to consider various suspects as possible culprits in a series of murders, but also the possibility that "there's no such thing as a mysterious event" and they have all happened purely by chance (hence the English title). In this way, the natural laws of probability and chaos theory play the role of suspects and characters in a murder mystery, lending elements of science fiction to the novel. The underlying philosophical idea is expanded on by Lem in his major essay '' The Philosophy of Chance''. Plot A former astronaut is hired by a detective agency to help in an investigation of a case of mysterious deaths. Several victims became mad and committed suicide during their vacation in vari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Investigation
''The Investigation'' (original title ''Śledztwo'') is a science fiction/detective/ thriller novel by the Polish writer Stanisław Lem. The novel incorporates a philosophical discourse on explanation of unknown phenomena. It was first published in 1958 in ''Przekrój'' magazine (issues 698-711) and in 1959 as a book by the Publishing House of the Ministry of National Defense (Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej). Plot The novel is set in London. A young Scotland Yard lieutenant Gregory investigates the mysterious disappearances of corpses from London morgues to reappear somewhere else. The only "explanation" is an abstruse statistical theory that correlates the body snatching with local cancer rates. The detective suspects the statistician Sciss who came up with the theory of being the perpetrator. In reality it appears as if the corpses " resurrect". Gregory suggests that the corpses are being infested by certain microorganisms, which have some kind of collective intel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wojciech Orliński
Wojciech Orliński (born 24 January 1969 in Warsaw) is a Polish journalist, writer, and blogger. In the 1990s, he was a member of the Polish Socialist Party. Between 1997 and 2021, he was a regular columnist for Gazeta Wyborcza. From 2011 to 2021, he was also the president of the Solidarity trade union at Agora, the newspaper's publisher. Since 2020, he has been working as a chemistry teacher. He has written several books, including an alternate history novel (''Polska nie istnieje''), an encyclopaedic guide to Stanisław Lem (''Co to są sepulki?''), a biography of Stanisław Lem, three travel books and an essay on dangers connected with the development of the Internet. He has also published science-fiction stories and opinion pieces in Nowa Fantastyka. Works Books * ''Co to są sepulki? Wszystko o Lemie'' (2007) – a book about Stanisław Lem **In 2012 an interactive version of the book was released for iPad under the title "Lemologia, czyli co to są sepulki?" * Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cause And Effect
Causality is an influence by which one event, process, state, or object (''a'' ''cause'') contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an ''effect'') where the cause is at least partly responsible for the effect, and the effect is at least partly dependent on the cause. The cause of something may also be described as the reason for the event or process. In general, a process can have multiple causes,Compare: which are also said to be ''causal factors'' for it, and all lie in its past. An effect can in turn be a cause of, or causal factor for, many other effects, which all lie in its future. Some writers have held that causality is metaphysically prior to notions of time and space. Causality is an abstraction that indicates how the world progresses. As such it is a basic concept; it is more apt to be an explanation of other concepts of progression than something to be explained by other more fundamental concepts. The concept is like those of age ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
