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Thadée Gasztowtt
Thadée Gasztowtt (8 June 1881 – 22 January 1936), also known as Seyfeddin Bey (), was a French Third Republic, French-born Ottoman Empire, Ottoman, Turkish people, Turkish, and Polish people, Polish diplomat, revolutionary, historian, and journalist of noble Lithuanian descent. An ardent Turkophile, he adamantly advocated for the revitalisation of Ottoman–Polish relations and was a staunch supporter of the Ottoman Empire, viewing it as Poland's only historical ally. As the unofficial representative of Polish Émigré#Partitions of Poland and Polish uprisings, émigrés, he regularly encouraged Poles in Europe, especially Francophonie, Francophone Poles, to support the Ottoman Empire. Early life Background Gasztowtt was born Thadée Arthur Maurice Gasztowtt on 8 June 1881 in Paris, French Third Republic, France, to a Polish people, Polish political émigré family hailing from the noble Lithuanian Goštautai family. He had an older brother, François (1874–1904), who died ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Third Republic
The French Third Republic (, sometimes written as ) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy France, Vichy government. The French Third Republic was a parliamentary republic. The early days of the French Third Republic were dominated by political disruption caused by the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, which the French Third Republic continued to wage after the fall of Emperor Napoleon III in 1870. Social upheaval and the Paris Commune preceded the final defeat. The German Empire, proclaimed by the invaders in Palace of Versailles, annexed the French regions of Alsace (keeping the ) and Lorraine (the northeastern part, i.e. present-day Moselle (department), department of Moselle). The early governments of the French Third Republic considered French Third Restoration, re-establi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
November Uprising
The November Uprising (1830–31) (), also known as the Polish–Russian War 1830–31 or the Cadet Revolution, was an armed rebellion in Russian Partition, the heartland of Partitions of Poland, partitioned Poland against the Russian Empire. The uprising began on 29 November 1830 in Warsaw when young Polish officers from the military academy of the Army of Congress Poland revolted, led by Lieutenant Piotr Wysocki. Large segments of the peoples of Lithuania, Belarus, and Right-bank Ukraine soon joined the uprising. Although the insurgents achieved local successes, a numerically superior Imperial Russian Army under Ivan Paskevich eventually crushed the uprising. "Polish Uprising of 1830–31." ''The Great Soviet Encycloped ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Young Turks
The Young Turks (, also ''Genç Türkler'') formed as a constitutionalist broad opposition-movement in the late Ottoman Empire against the absolutist régime of Sultan Abdul Hamid II (). The most powerful organization of the movement, and the most conflated, was the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP, founded in 1889), though its goals, strategies, and membership continuously morphed throughout Abdul Hamid's reign. By the 1890s, the Young Turks were mainly a loose and contentious network of exiled intelligentsia who made a living by selling their newspapers to secret subscribers. Included in the opposition movement was a mosaic of ideologies, represented by democrats, liberals, decentralists, secularists, social Darwinists, technocrats, constitutional monarchists, and nationalists. Despite being called "the Young Turks", the group was of an ethnically diverse background; including Turks, Albanian, Aromanian, Arab, Armenian, Azeri, Circassian, Greek, Kurdish, and Je ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poland–Turkey Relations
Polish–Turkish relations are the foreign relations between Poland and Turkey. Both countries are full members of NATO, OECD, OSCE, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Council of Europe and the World Trade Organisation. Poland is an EU member and Turkey is an EU candidate. Poland supports Turkey's accession negotiations to the EU, although negotiations have now been suspended. History of the diplomatic relations between the two nations dates back to the 15th century when the Kingdom of Poland and the Ottoman Empire officially established them. Both considered great powers in the late medieval and early modern periods, the two nations have experienced periods of intense geopolitical rivalry with several wars, as well as long periods of peace with fruitful cooperation, intense trade and some cultural exchange. Poland and Turkey share many similarities in their cultural history and cuisine and generally relations between the two nations are good. History Early history Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish–Ottoman Alliance
A Polish–Ottoman alliance, based on several treaties, occurred during the 16th century between the kingdom of Poland-Lithuania and the Ottoman Empire, as the Ottomans were expanding into Central Europe. Background Poland and the Ottoman Empire had been at war since the end of the 15th century following Jagiellonian attempts to take control over Hungary and Bohemia. The Jagiellon king Vladislas II of Hungary was occupying the throne of Hungary and Bohemia. The Jagiellons also allied with Stephen III of Moldavia in 1484-87 to recover territories from the Ottomans, and later invaded Moldavia in 1497. In 1498, an Ottoman army of 40,000-60,000 under Bali Pasha invaded Poland in the areas of Lesser Poland and Mazovia. Also under pressure from the Russians under Ivan III in Lithuania, the Polish king and the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Alexander I Jagiellon, sought a rapprochement with the Ottomans. Polish-Ottoman treaties In 1503, Alexander I signed a five-year treaty with the Ottom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Paris
The University of Paris (), known Metonymy, metonymically as the Sorbonne (), was the leading university in Paris, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the French Revolution. Emerging around 1150 as a corporation associated with the cathedral school of Paris, it was considered the List of medieval universities, second-oldest university in Europe.Charles Homer Haskins: ''The Rise of Universities'', Henry Holt and Company, 1923, p. 292. Officially chartered in 1200 by Philip II of France, King Philip II and recognised in 1215 by Pope Innocent III, it was nicknamed after its theological College of Sorbonne, founded by Robert de Sorbon and chartered by King Louis IX around 1257. Highly reputed internationally for its academic performance in the humanities ever since the Middle Ages – particularly in theology and philosophy – it introduced academic standards and traditions that have endured and spread, such as Doctor (title), doctoral degrees and student nations. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycée Chaptal
The Lycée Chaptal, formerly the Collège Chaptal, is a large secondary school in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, named after Jean-Antoine Chaptal, with about 2,000 pupils. It was taken over by the City of Paris in 1848 after the founder ran into financial difficulties. The pupils were expected to go on to careers in commerce or manufacturing. The curriculum was innovative for its day, with emphasis on French rather than classical studies, and on modern languages and science. At the first it was primarily a boys' boarding school, but it is now a co-educational day school. The present buildings were completed in 1876. Notable alumni include Alfred Dreyfus, André Breton, Jean Anouilh, Daniel Hechter and Nicolas Sarkozy. Foundation Prosper Goubaux (1795–1858), a writer and professor of the University of Paris, had founded the ''Pension Saint-Victor'' in 1844. It provided board and lodging for students at the ''Collège Bourbon''. Goubaux saw growth in industry, commerce, agricultur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraków
, officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 (2023), with approximately 8 million additional people living within a radius. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596, and has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life. Cited as one of Europe's most beautiful cities, its Kraków Old Town, Old Town was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978, one of the world's first sites granted the status. The city began as a Hamlet (place), hamlet on Wawel Hill and was a busy trading centre of Central Europe in 985. In 1038, it became the seat of King of Poland, Polish monarchs from the Piast dynasty, and subsequently served as the centre of administration under Jagiellonian dynasty, Jagiellonian kings and of the Polish–Lithuan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Biographical Dictionary
''Polski Słownik Biograficzny'' (''PSB''; Polish Biographical Dictionary) is a Polish-language biographical dictionary, comprising an alphabetically arranged compilation of authoritative biographies of some 25,000 notable Poles and of foreigners who have been active in Poland – famous as well as less-well-known persons – from Popiel, Piast Kołodziej, and Mieszko I, at the dawn of Polish history, to persons who died in the year 2000. The ''Dictionary'', published incrementally since 1935, is a work in progress. It currently covers entries from A to S and its completion is expected about 2030. The PSB is, by its own assessment, "at present... one of the world's leading biographical publications." Outside Poland, it is available at the British Library, the Library of Congress, the Vatican Library, the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, the University of California at Berkeley, Stanford University, the Getty Museum, and many other national and major research li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szkoła Narodowa Polska W Paryżu
Szkoła Narodowa Polska w Paryżu ("Polish School in Paris"; ), also known as the School at Batignolles (; ) is a Polish international school at the Polish embassy in the 17th arrondissement of Paris, 17th arrondissement of Paris, France. " Szkoła Narodowa Polska w Paryżu. Retrieved on 3 November 2015. "11-15, rue Lamandé 75017 Paryż"O nas " Szkoła Narodowa Polska w Paryżu. Retrieved on 3 November 2015. "Główną siedzibą szkoły jest: Szkolny Punkt Konsultacyjny im. A. Mickiewicza przy Ambasadzie RP w Paryżu, 11-15 rue Lamandé, 75017 Paryż." and "sześcioletniej szkoły podstawowej trzyletniego gimnazjum trzyletniego liceum ogólnokształcącego " It includes a primary school and a three-year Lyceum#Poland, lyceum cours ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Guerche-sur-l'Aubois
* La Guerche-sur-l'Aubois () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. Geography An area of farming and forestry comprising a small town and several hamlets situated by the banks of the river Aubois and the canal de Berry, some southeast of Bourges, at the junction of the D920 and the D975 roads. Population Sights * Vestiges of Gallo-Roman occupation. * Two watermills, at Faguin and l'Oie. * The church of St. Etienne, dating from the twelfth century. * An old ironworks. * The fifteenth-century manorhouse at Chezelles. See also *Communes of the Cher department The following is a list of the 286 communes of the Cher department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025): [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
