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Tephritid Workers Database
The 'Tephritid Workers Database'' is a web-based database for sharing information on Tephritidae, tephritid fruit flies. Because these species are one of the most economically important group of insect species that threaten fruit and vegetable production and trade worldwide, a tremendous amount of information is made available each year: new technologies developed, new information on their biology and ecology; new control methods made available, new species identified, new outbreaks recorded and new operational control programmes launched. The TWD allows workers to keep up-to-date on the most recent developments and provides an easily accessible and always available resource. History A group of scientists involved in tephritid fruit fly research and management launched thTephritid Workers Databasein May 2004, with the support of thInsect Pest Control Sectionof thJoint FAO/IAEA Centre The Tephritid Workers Database is self-maintained by the participants and its development depends ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twd Logo
The New Taiwan dollar (ISO 4217, code: TWD; currency symbol, symbol: NT$, also abbreviated as NT) is the official currency of Taiwan. The New Taiwan dollar has been the currency of Taiwan since 1949, when it replaced the Old Taiwan dollar, at a rate of 40,000 old dollars per one new dollar. The basic unit of the New Taiwan dollar is called a Yuan (currency), yuan () and is subdivided into ten Jiao (currency), jiao (), and into 100 Fen (currency), fen () or cents, although in practice both jiao and fen are never actually used. There are a variety of alternative names to the units in Taiwan. The unit of dollar is typically informally written with the simpler equivalent Chinese character, character as , except when writing it for legal transactions such as at the bank, when it has to be written as . Colloquially, the currency unit is called both (''yúan'', literally "circle") and (''kuài'', literally "piece") in Taiwanese Mandarin, Mandarin, (''kho͘'', literally "hoop") in Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fly December 2007-11
Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced mechanosensory organs known as halteres, which act as high-speed sensors of rotational movement and allow dipterans to perform advanced aerobatics. Diptera is a large order containing an estimated 1,000,000 species including horse-flies, crane flies, hoverflies and others, although only about 125,000 species have been described. Flies have a mobile head, with a pair of large compound eyes, and mouthparts designed for piercing and sucking (mosquitoes, black flies and robber flies), or for lapping and sucking in the other groups. Their wing arrangement gives them great maneuverability in flight, and claws and pads on their feet enable them to cling to smooth surfaces. Flies undergo complete metamorphosis; the eggs are often laid on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogeny
A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics. All life on Earth is part of a single phylogenetic tree, indicating common ancestry. In a ''rooted'' phylogenetic tree, each node with descendants represents the inferred most recent common ancestor of those descendants, and the edge lengths in some trees may be interpreted as time estimates. Each node is called a taxonomic unit. Internal nodes are generally called hypothetical taxonomic units, as they cannot be directly observed. Trees are useful in fields of biology such as bioinformatics, systematics, and phylogenetics. ''Unrooted'' trees illustrate only the relatedness of the leaf nodes and do not require the ancestral root ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bionomics
Bionomics (Greek: bio = life; nomos = law) has two different meanings: * the first is the comprehensive study of an organism and its relation to its environment. As translated from the French word ''Bionomie'', its first use in English was in the period of 1885-1890. Another way of expressing this word is the term currently referred to as "ecology". * the other is an economic discipline which studies economy as a self-organized evolving ecosystem. An example of studies of the first type is in Richard B. Selander's ''Bionomics, Systematics and Phylogeny of Lytta, a Genus of Blister Beetles (Coleoptera, Meloidae)'', Illinois Biological Monographs: number 28, 1960. According to some scholars, who still adhere to bionomics, it transforms many principles of traditional ecology, recognizing that Life on Earth is hierarchically organized in complex system A complex system is a system composed of many components which may interact with each other. Examples of complex systems are Eart ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dacus Ciliatus
''Dacus'' is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae. Systematics Many subgenera are defined within this genus:Hancock DL, Drew RAI (2006) A revised classification of subgenera and species groups in Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae). '' Instrumenta Biodiversitatis'' VII: 167–205. *'' Ambitidacus'' *'' Callantra'' *''Dacus ''Dacus'' is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae The Tephritidae are one of two fly families referred to as fruit flies, the other family being the Drosophilidae. The family Tephritidae does not include the biologi ...'' *'' Didacus'' *'' Leptoxyda'' *'' Lophodacus'' *'' Mellesis'' *'' Neodacus'' *'' Psilodacus'' See also * List of ''Dacus'' species References External links * Dacinae Tephritidae genera {{Dacinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhagoletis Cerasi
''Rhagoletis cerasi'' (the cherry fruit fly or European cherry fruit fly) is a species of fruit fly in the family Tephritidae. Distribution This species is widespread in most of Europe, except British Islands, in western Siberia to Caucasus, in Kazakhstan, Central Asia and Altai. It was first detected in North America in 2016. Description ''Rhagoletis cerasi'' can reach a body length of about . This species is very similar to '' Rhagoletis berberidis''. Biology The adults can be found from late May to early July. They feed on the sugary secretions produced by the cherry itself or by insects (such as the aphid honeydew). After 10–15 days the females lay 50-80 eggs one at a time in the pulp of the fruit. After 6–12 days the eggs hatch and white legless larvae 4–6 mm long come out and feed on the pulp of the fruit. During the ripening the larvae leave the fruit and pupate in the soil, where they overwinter. Usually this species have one generation every 1–2 years. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhagoletis Pomonella
The apple maggot (''Rhagoletis pomonella''), also known as the railroad worm (but distinct from the ''Phrixothrix'' beetle larva, also called railroad worm), is a species of fruit fly, and a pest of several types of fruits, especially apples. This species evolved about 150 years ago through a sympatric shift from the native host hawthorn to the domesticated apple species ''Malus domestica'' in the northeastern United States. This fly is believed to have been accidentally spread to the western United States from the endemic eastern United States region through contaminated apples at multiple points throughout the 20th century. The apple maggot uses Batesian mimicry as a method of defense, with coloration resembling that of the forelegs and pedipalps of a jumping spider (family Salticidae). The adult form of this insect is about long, slightly smaller than a housefly. The larva, which is the stage of this insect's lifecycle that causes the actual damage to the fruit, is similar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anastrepha Obliqua
''Anastrepha obliqua'' is a species of fruit fly. It is the most important fruit fly pest of mangoes in Neotropics and attacks a wide range of other spicy fruits. ''A. obliqua'' is widespread in Mexico, Central and South America and the West Indies. It is sometimes called the West Indian fruit fly in English. Description ''Anastrepha obliqua'' is the most abundant species of ''Anastrepha'' in the West Indies The West Indies is a subregion of North America, surrounded by the North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea that includes 13 independent island countries and 18 dependencies and other territories in three major archipelagos: the Great ... and Panama. Like the Caribbean fruit fly, ''Anastrepha obliqua'' also attacks other tropical fruits of little economic importance. ''A. obliqua'' has also been called the Antillean fruit fly. References Trypetinae Insect vectors of plant pathogens {{Trypetinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anastrepha Ludens
''Anastrepha ludens'', the Mexican fruit fly or ''Mexfly'', is a species of fly of the '' Anastrepha'' genus in the Tephritidae family (fruit flies). It is closely related to the Caribbean fruit fly ''Anastrepha suspensa'', and the papaya fruit fly ''Anastrepha curvicauda''. ''Anastrepha ludens'' is native to Mexico and Central America and is a major pest to citrus and mango agriculture in Mexico, Central America, and the lower Rio Grande Valley. The species exhibits high fecundity and relatively long lifespans compared to other species of fruit flies. These qualities make the Mexican fruit fly a particularly aggressive invasive species, especially threatening agriculture because the larvae grow and feed on many different species of fruit. The ''Anastrepha'' genus is designated as one of three genera that pose the greatest risk to American agriculture. According to the USDA, ''A. ludens'' is the only important member of the ''Anastrepha'' genus that is subtropical instead of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anastrepha
''Anastrepha'' is the most diverse genus in the Americas, American tropics and subtropics. Currently, it comprises more than 300 described species, including nine major pest species, such as the Mexican fruit fly (''A. ludens''), the South American fruit fly (''A. fraterculus'' complex), the West Indian fruit fly (''Anastrepha obliqua, A. obliqua''), the sapote fruit fly (''A. serpentina''), the Caribbean fruit fly (''A. suspensa''), the American guava fruit fly (''A. striata''), and the pumpkin fruit fly (''Anastrepha grandis, A. grandis''), as well as the papaya fruit fly (formerly ''Toxotrypana curvicada'' and ''T. littoralis''). As some of their names suggest, these pest species are one of the most numerous and damaging groups of insects in their native range, plaguing commercial fruits such as citrus, mango, guava, and papaya. Biology and ecology Natural history and life cycle Females lay their eggs in either developing and healthy fruits or in mature and rotten fruit (l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceratitis Capitata
''Ceratitis capitata'', commonly known as the Mediterranean fruit fly or medfly, is a yellow-and-brown fly native to sub-Saharan Africa. It has no near relatives in the Western Hemisphere and is considered to be one of the most destructive fruit pests in the world. There have been occasional medfly infestations in California, Florida, and Texas that require extensive eradication efforts to prevent the fly from establishing itself in the United States. ''C. capitata'' is the most economically important fruit fly species because of both its ability to survive cooler climates more successfully than most other fly species and its ability to inhabit more than 200 tropical fruits and vegetables to which it causes severe destruction and degradation. The practices that are used to eradicate the medfly after its introduction into a new environment can be extremely difficult and expensive, but infestation of ''C. capitata'' lowers crop yields and induces costly sorting processes for fre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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