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Telescoping (rail Cars)
In a railway accident, telescoping occurs when the underframe of one vehicle overrides that of another, and smashes through the second vehicle's body. The term is derived from the resulting appearance of the two vehicle bodies: the body of one vehicle may appear to be slid inside the other like the tubes of a collapsible telescope – the body sides, roof and underframe of the latter vehicle being forced apart from each other. Telescoping often results in heavy fatalities if the cars telescoped are fully occupied. The car riding on top will often destroy the structure of the car below, crushing those on board (although the physics of the incident may reverse the cars' roles). The chances of telescoping can be reduced by use of anticlimbers and other structural systems which direct crash energy and debris away from the passenger and crew areas. One such energy absorbing system is the Green Buffer, winners of the 2023 Swedish Steel Prize, where a collapsing steel structure in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1972 Chicago Commuter Rail Crash
A collision between two commuter trains in Chicago occurred during the cloudy morning rush hour on October 30, 1972, and was the worst such crash in Chicago's history. Illinois Central Gulf Train 416, made up of newly purchased Highliners, overshot the 27th Street station on what is now the Metra Electric Line, and the engineer asked and received permission from the train's conductor to back the train to the platform. This move was then made without the flag protection required by the railroad's rules. The train's crew had not used a flagman before, and while it was a prescribed practice, it had fallen out of use. Instead, the conductor and the engineer worked in concert to back up the train, with the curve in the track partially blocking the view. Train 416 passed the automatic block signals, which cleared express Train 720, made up of more heavily constructed single level cars, to continue at full speed on the same track. The engineer of the express train did not see the bilevel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crashworthiness
Crashworthiness is the ability of a structure to protect its occupants during an impact. This is commonly tested when investigating the safety of aircraft and vehicles. Different criteria are used to figure out how safe a structure is in a crash, depending on the type of impact and the vehicle involved. Crashworthiness may be assessed either prospectively, using computer models (e.g., RADIOSS, LS-DYNA, PAM-CRASH, MSC Dytran, MADYMO) or experiments, or retrospectively, by analyzing crash outcomes. Several criteria are used to assess crashworthiness prospectively, including the deformation patterns of the vehicle structure, the acceleration experienced by the vehicle during an impact, and the probability of injury predicted by human body models. Injury probability is defined using criteria, which are mechanical parameters (e.g., force, acceleration, or deformation) that correlate with injury risk. A common injury criterion is the head impact criterion (HIC). Crashworthiness is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buff Strength
Buff strength is a design term used in the certification of rail rolling stock. It refers to the required resistance to deformation or permanent damage due to loads applied at the car's ends, such as in a collision. Particular emphasis on buff strength is placed in the United States, with buff strength requirements there being higher than in Europe. United States Buff strength requirements grew out of best-practice design standards during the latter part of the nineteenth century. By the twentieth century, a design limit of was required by federal approval agencies. This was upped to for certain categories in 1945. Federal requirements for buff strength were set in 1999 at for all passenger-carrying units, unless reduced by waivers or special order. The Federal Static and Strength Regulation (49 Code of Federal Regulations § 238.203) requires that a passenger rail car be able to support a longitudinal static compressive load of without permanent deformation. There are other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anticlimber
A cowcatcher, also known as a pilot, is the device mounted at the front of a locomotive to deflect obstacles on the track that might otherwise damage or Derailment, derail it or the train. In the UK, small metal bars called ''life-guards'', ''rail guards'' or ''guard irons'' are provided immediately in front of the wheels. They knock away smaller obstacles lying directly on the running surface of the railhead. Historically, fenced-off railway systems in Europe relied exclusively on those devices and cowcatchers were not required, but in modern systems cowcatchers have generally superseded them. Instead of a cowcatcher, trams use a device called a fender. Objects lying on the tram track come in contact with a sensor bracket, which triggers the lowering of a basket-shaped device to the ground, preventing the overrunning of the obstacles and pushing them along the road surface in front of the wheels. In snowy areas the cowcatcher also has the function of a Snowplow#Railway sno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1898 St Johns Rail Accident
The St Johns train crash happened at 9 am on 21 March 1898 when, in thick fog, a passenger train waiting to enter St Johns railway station, St Johns Station on the South Eastern Railway, UK was run into by another passenger train. Three people were killed and about 20 injured in the accident, which was caused by a signalman's error. Background St Johns railway station is on the South Eastern Railway main line as it approaches London, with the tracks running roughly east–west (London). At St Johns the main line was four tracks and the station had three platforms with St Johns signal cabin at the west end of the station. The adjacent signal cabins were Parks Bridge Junction, to the east, and New Cross No. 2, to the west. The line was equipped with William Robert Sykes, Sykes "lock and block" interlocking, which prevented signalmen allowing a second train onto a section before the previous train had left. The interlocking was normally released by trains passing over t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clarín (Argentine Newspaper)
(, ) is the largest newspaper in Argentina and the second most circulated in the Spanish-speaking world. It was founded by Roberto Noble in 1945, published by the Clarín Group. For many years, its director was Ernestina Herrera de Noble, the founder's wife. is part of ''Periódicos Asociados Latinoamericanos'' ( Latin American Newspaper Association), an organization of fourteen leading newspapers in South America. History was created by Roberto Noble, former minister of the Buenos Aires Province, on 28 August 1945. It was one of the first Argentine newspapers published in tabloid format. It became the highest sold Argentine newspaper in 1965, and the highest sold Spanish-speaking newspaper in 1985. It was also the first Argentine newspaper to sell a magazine with the Sunday edition, since 1967. In 1969, the news were split into several supplements by topic. In 1976, high color printing was benefited by the creation of Artes Gráficas Rioplatense (AGR). For many yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2012 Buenos Aires Rail Disaster
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports, where it commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. 1 is the unit of counting or measurement, a determiner for singular nouns, and a gender-neutral pronoun. Historically, the representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. In mathematics, 1 is the multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number. In digital technology, 1 represents the "on" state in binary code, the foundation of computing. Philosophically, 1 symbolizes the ultimate reality or source of existence in various traditions. In mathematics The number 1 is the first natural number after 0. Each natural numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
June 2009 Washington Metro Train Collision
During the afternoon rush hour of June 22, 2009, a subway train wreck occurred between two southbound Red Line Washington Metro trains in Northeast Washington, D.C., United States. A moving train collided with a train stopped ahead of it; the train operator along with eight passengers died, and 80 people were injured, making it the deadliest crash in the history of the Washington Metro. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigation found that after a June 17 replacement of a track circuit component at what became the crash site, the track circuit had been suffering from parasitic oscillations that left it unable to reliably report when that stretch of track was occupied by a train. The struck train came to a stop because of traffic ahead. Because the entire train was within the faulty circuit, it became invisible to the Automatic Train Control (ATC) system. The train behind it was therefore commanded to proceed at . The operator of the striking train applied t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2008 Chatsworth Train Collision
The 2008 Chatsworth train collision occurred at 4:22:23 p.m. PDT (23:22:23 UTC) on September 12, 2008, when a Union Pacific Railroad freight train and a Metrolink commuter rail passenger train collided head-on in the Chatsworth neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. The scene of the collision was a curved section of single track on the Metrolink Ventura County Line just east of Stoney Point. According to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), which investigated the cause of the collision, the Metrolink train ran through a red signal before entering a section of single track where the opposing freight train had been given the right of way by the train dispatcher. The NTSB blamed the Metrolink train's engineer, 46-year-old Robert M. Sanchez, for the collision, concluding that he was distracted by text messages he was sending while on duty. Sanchez was killed in the accident. This mass casualty event brought a massive emergency respons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ursus Rail Crash
Ursus rail crash (''Polish:'' ''Katastrofa kolejowa w Ursusie'') was a rear-end train collision, that occurred at 6:20 a.m. on 20 August 1990 in Warsaw neighborhood (today district) of Ursus. 16 people were killed and 64 were injured. To date, it is the worst railway accident in Poland after 1989. Trains involved Two passenger trains travelling to Warszawa Wschodnia were involved in the accident. The first one was Os No. 6114 from Szklarska Poręba Górna.''Sieciowy Rozkład Jazdy Pociągów 1990/91 ważny od 27.V.90 do 30.V.91'' (in Polish), Wydawnictwa Komunikacji i Łączności, 1990, p. 947. The second one was InterExpress (IEx) 41008 ''Silesia'' from Praha hlavní nádraží, pulled by ET22-1053 locomotive;''Sieciowy Rozkład Jazdy Pociągów 1990/91 ważny od 27.V.90 do 30.V.91'' (in Polish), Wydawnictwa Komunikacji i Łączności, 1990, p. 244–245. its driver was Tadeusz Mościcki.Jarosław Reszka, ''Cześć, giniemy! Największe katastrofy w powojennej Polsce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1987 Bintaro Train Crash
The 1987 Bintaro train crash occurred in Pondok Betung urban village, Bintaro, South Jakarta, Indonesia, on Monday, 19 October 1987. Two passenger trains collided, causing 139 fatalities, making it Indonesia's worst railway crash to this day. A train departing from Rangkasbitung Station in West Java province (currently in Banten) collided with a train from Tanah Abang Station in Jakarta. The investigation indicated negligence from a station officer who gave a safe signal to the train from Rangkasbitung without confirmation from Kebayoran Station. The safe signal was given because the lines at Sudimara Station were crowded. Location The crash happened between Pondok Ranji Station (at the time was not yet built) and Tanah Kusir Cemetery, north of Public High School 86 (SMAN 86), Jakarta, near the Bintaro Highway curve, about after the Pondok Betung crossing and before Sudimara Station. Crash The Serpong Stationmaster permitted KA 225 to leave for Sudimara Station wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
