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Telecommunications In Brazil
Brazil has both modern technologies in the center-south portion, counting with LTE, 3G HSPA, DSL ISDB based Digital TV. Other areas of the country, particularly the North and Northeast regions, lack even basic analog PSTN telephone lines. This is a problem that the government is trying to solve by linking the liberation of new technologies such as WiMax and FTTH) only tied with compromises on extension of the service to less populated regions. Telephone system Landline The Brazilian landline sector is fully open to competition and continues to attract operators. The bulk of the market is divided between three operators: Telefónica, América Móvil, and Oi (controlled by Brazilian investors and Pharol SGPS). Telefónica operates through Telefónica Brasil, which has integrated its landline and mobile services under the brand name Vivo. The América Móvil group in Brazil comprises long distance incumbent Embratel, mobile operator Claro, and cable TV provider Net Serviços. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
América Móvil
América Móvil, S.A.B. de C.V. is a Mexican telecommunications corporation headquartered in Mexico City, Mexico. It is the 7th largest mobile network operator in the world in terms of equity subscribers, as well as one of the largest corporations in the world. América Móvil is a Forbes Global 2000 company. As of 31 December 2023, América Móvil had 310.1 million wireless subscribers, and 73.7 million fixed revenue generating units ("RGUs", consisting of fixed voice, fixed data and Pay TV units). History América Móvil was created when Telmex spun off its wireless mobile activities from its landline and internet activities. The company was founded in late 2000, while company shares were delivered to Telmex shareholders early the following year. On 15 November 2005, the company signed an international pact with Ooredoo to jointly deliver various international services. In 2006, América Móvil made a bid to acquire Verizon's Latin American and Caribbean operations and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Submarine Communications Cable
A submarine communications cable is a cable laid on the seabed between land-based stations to carry telecommunication signals across stretches of ocean and sea. The first submarine communications cables were laid beginning in the 1850s and carried telegraphy traffic, establishing the first instant telecommunications links between continents, such as the first transatlantic telegraph cable which became operational on 16 August 1858. Submarine cables first connected all the world's continents (except Antarctica) when Java was connected to Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, in 1871 in anticipation of the completion of the Australian Overland Telegraph Line in 1872 connecting to Adelaide, South Australia and thence to the rest of Australia. Subsequent generations of cables carried telephone traffic, then data transmission, data communications traffic. These early cables used copper wires in their cores, but modern cables use optical fiber technology to carry digital data, whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CDMA 2000
CDMA2000 (also known as C2K or IMT Multi‑Carrier (IMT‑MC)) is a family of 3G mobile technology standards for sending voice, data, and signaling data between mobile phones and cell sites. It is developed by 3GPP2 as a backwards-compatible successor to second-generation cdmaOne (IS-95) set of standards and used especially in North America and South Korea. CDMA2000 compares to UMTS, a competing set of 3G standards, which is developed by 3GPP and used in Europe, Japan, China, and Singapore. The name CDMA2000 denotes a family of standards that represent the successive, evolutionary stages of the underlying technology. These are: *Voice: CDMA2000 1xRTT, 1X Advanced *Data: CDMA2000 1xEV-DO (Evolution-Data Optimized): Release 0, Revision A, Revision B, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) All are approved radio interfaces for the ITU's IMT-2000. In the United States, ''CDMA2000'' is a registered trademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA-USA). 1X CDMA2000 1X (IS-2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WCDMA
The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a 3G mobile cellular system for networks based on the GSM standard. UMTS uses wideband code-division multiple access (W- CDMA) radio access technology to offer greater spectral efficiency and bandwidth to mobile network operators compared to previous 2G systems like GPRS and CSD. UMTS on its provides a peak theoretical data rate of 2 Mbit/s. Developed and maintained by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), UMTS is a component of the International Telecommunication Union IMT-2000 standard set and compares with the CDMA2000 standard set for networks based on the competing cdmaOne technology. The technology described in UMTS is sometimes also referred to as Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access (FOMA) or 3GSM. UMTS specifies a complete network system, which includes the radio access network ( UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, or UTRAN), the core network ( Mobile Application Part, or MAP) and the authenti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CDMA
Code-division multiple access (CDMA) is a channel access method used by various radio communication technologies. CDMA is an example of multiple access, where several transmitters can send information simultaneously over a single communication channel. This allows several users to share a band of frequencies (see bandwidth). To permit this without undue interference between the users, CDMA employs spread spectrum technology and a special coding scheme (where each transmitter is assigned a code). CDMA optimizes the use of available bandwidth as it transmits over the entire frequency range and does not limit the user's frequency range. It is used as the access method in many mobile phone standards. IS-95, also called "cdmaOne", and its 3G evolution CDMA2000, are often simply referred to as "CDMA", but UMTS, the 3G standard used by GSM carriers, also uses "wideband CDMA", or W-CDMA, as well as TD-CDMA and TD-SCDMA, as its radio technologies. Many carriers (such as AT&T, U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digital AMPS
Digital AMPS (D-AMPS), most often referred to as TDMA, is a second-generation ( 2G) cellular phone system that was once prevalent throughout the Americas, particularly in the United States and Canada since the first commercial network was deployed in 1993. Former large D-AMPS networks included those of AT&T and Rogers Wireless. The name TDMA is based on the abbreviation for time-division multiple access, a common multiple access technique which is used in most 2G standards, including GSM. D-AMPS competed against GSM and systems based on code-division multiple access (CDMA). It is now considered end-of-life, as existing networks have shut and been replaced by GSM/GPRS or CDMA2000 technologies. The last carrier to operate a D-AMPS network was U.S. Cellular, who terminated it on February 10, 2009. The technical names for D-AMPS are IS-54 and its successor IS-136. IS-54 was the first mobile communication system which had provision for security, and the first to employ time-divisio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Advanced Mobile Phone System
Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) was an analog mobile phone system standard originally developed by Bell Labs and later modified in a cooperative effort between Bell Labs and Motorola. It was officially introduced in the Americas on October 13, 1983,Private Line and was deployed in many other countries too, including Israel in 1986, Australia in 1987, Singapore in 1988, and Pakistan in 1990. It was the primary analog mobile phone system in North America (and other locales) through the 1980s and into the 2000s. As of February 18, 2008, carriers in the United States were no longer required to support AMPS and companies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prepaid Mobile Phone
A prepaid mobile device, also known as a pay-as-you-go (PAYG), pay-as-you-talk, pay and go, go-phone, or prepay, is a mobile device such as a smartphone, phone for which credit is purchased in advance of service use. The purchased credit is used to pay for telecommunications services at the point the service is accessed or consumed. If there is no credit, then access is denied by the cellular network or Intelligent Network. Users can top up their credit at any time using a variety of payment mechanisms such as the Pay as you go, Pay-as-you-go (PAYG). In 2020, 155 countries had the mandatory SIM registration laws for the prepaid mobile SIM cards such as the mandatory Know Your Customer (KYC) or other type of Identity verification service, legal identification verification at the point of sale to prevent the anonymous use of unregistered prepaid mobile which facilitates criminal or terrorist activities. A burner phone is a prepaid phone number specifically purchased without the Kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algar Telecom
Algar Telecom is a Brazilian telecommunications company present in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, and in the Federal District as well. The company is the only operator that remained private, even after the creation of Telebrás in the military regime, and it is characterized as the fifth largest company in the telecommunications segment. It serves more than one million and four hundred thousand customers - individuals, micro and small businesses, corporate customers, and carriers. History Algar Telecom, headquartered in Uberlândia - State of Minas Gerais, is one of the companies of Grupo Algar and was founded with the name CTBC - Companhia Telefônica da Borda do Campo on February 15, 1954, by Alexandrino Garcia, who acquired Companhia Telefônica Teixeirinha. Alexandrino was 47 years old when he started the business in the telephony industry and began, at the time, to personally sell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code
Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code ( Title 11 of the United States Code) permits reorganization under the bankruptcy laws of the United States. Such reorganization, known as Chapter 11 bankruptcy, is available to every business, whether organized as a corporation, partnership or sole proprietorship, and to individuals, although it is most prominently used by corporate entities. In contrast, Chapter 7 governs the process of a liquidation bankruptcy, though liquidation may also occur under Chapter 11; while Chapter 13 provides a reorganization process for the majority of private individuals. Chapter 11 overview When a business is unable to service its debt or pay its creditors, the business or its creditors can file with a federal bankruptcy court for protection under either Chapter 7 or Chapter 11. In Chapter 7, the business ceases operations, a trustee sells all of its assets, and then distributes the proceeds to its creditors. Any residual amount is returned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oi (telecommunications)
Oi (, Portuguese for "Hi"), formerly known as Telemar, is the largest fixed telephone operator and the fourth mobile telephone operator in Brazil, being the third largest telecommunication company in Latin America. It is headquartered in Rio de Janeiro. In 2013, Oi announced its merger with Portugal Telecom, the largest telecommunication company in Portugal. In June 2015, Portugal Telecom was acquired by Altice Group. On June 20, 2016, Oi filed for a 19 billion (65 billion) bankruptcy protection, the largest on record for Brazil. History Oi (then known as Telemar) was formed as Tele Norte Leste to merge sixteen state-owned incumbent local exchange carriers, during the privatization of Brazilian telecommunications system. Each carrier served a particular Brazilian state in the northern, northeastern and southeastern part of the country. In the break-up of Telebras in 1998 it was sold to a consortium led by the Brazilian construction firm Andrade Gutierrez (21.2%) and Inepar Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
