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Talodi–Heiban Languages
The Talodi–Heiban languages are a proposed branch of the hypothetical Niger–Congo family, spoken in the Nuba Mountains of Sudan. The Talodi and Heiban languages are thought to be distantly related by Dimmendaal, though ''Glottolog'' 4.4 does not accept the unity of Talodi–Heiban pending further evidence. Classification Roger Blench (2016) notes that the Talodi and Heiban branches share many typological similarities, but few lexical similarities. Blench (2016) considers Talodi and Heiban to each be separate, independent Niger-Congo branches that had later converged due to mutual contact. Talodi and Heiban had each constituted a group of the Kordofanian branch of Niger–Congo that was posited by Joseph Greenberg (1963); Talodi has also been called Talodi–Masakin, and Heiban has also been called Koalib or Koalib–Moro. Roger Blench notes that the Talodi and Heiban families have the noun-class systems characteristic of the Atlantic–Congo core of Niger–Congo, bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atlantic–Congo Languages
The Atlantic–Congo languages are the largest demonstrated family of languages in Africa. They have characteristic noun class systems and form the core of the Niger–Congo family hypothesis. They comprise all of Niger–Congo apart from Mande, Dogon, Ijoid, Siamou, Kru, the Katla and Rashad languages (previously classified as Kordofanian), and perhaps some or all of the Ubangian languages. Mukarovsky's West-Nigritic corresponded roughly to modern Atlantic–Congo. In the infobox, the languages which appear to be the most divergent are placed at the top.Roger BlenchNiger-Congo: an alternative view/ref> The Atlantic branch is defined in the narrow sense, while the former Atlantic branches Mel and the isolates Sua, Gola and Limba, are split out as primary branches; they are mentioned next to each other because there is no published evidence to move them; Volta–Congo is intact apart from Senufo and Kru. In addition, Güldemann (2018) lists Nalu Nalu may refer to: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nilo-Saharan
The Nilo-Saharan languages are a proposed family of African languages spoken by some 50–60 million people, mainly in the upper parts of the Chari and Nile rivers, including historic Nubia, north of where the two tributaries of the Nile meet. The languages extend through 17 nations in the northern half of Africa: from Algeria to Benin in the west; from Libya to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the centre; and from Egypt to Tanzania in the east. As indicated by its hyphenated name, Nilo-Saharan is a family of the African interior, including the greater Nile Basin and the Central Sahara Desert. Eight of its proposed constituent divisions (excluding Kunama, Kuliak, and Songhay) are found in the modern countries of Sudan and South Sudan, through which the Nile River flows. In his book '' The Languages of Africa'' (1963), Joseph Greenberg named the group and argued it was a genetic family. It contains the languages which are not included in the Niger–Congo, Afroas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jomang Language
Jomang (Ajomang, Gajomang), or Talodi, is a Niger–Congo language in the Talodi family of Kordofan, Sudan Sudan ( or ; ar, السودان, as-Sūdān, officially the Republic of the Sudan ( ar, جمهورية السودان, link=no, Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa. It shares borders with the Central African Republic t .... Talodi is spoken in Tasomi and Tata villages (''Ethnologue'', 22nd edition). Grammar Noun Classes As most languages of the Talodi Family, it uses noun classes to indicate if the word is in the singular or a plural form. There exist both two-class and one-class gender groups, and in all of them mostly consonant prefixes are used as an indicator. Following is presented the noun class chart of Talodi after Schadeberg (1981: 50–51): References Critically endangered languages Talodi languages {{Kordofanian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torona Language
Torona is an extinct Niger–Congo language of Kordofan Kordofan ( ar, كردفان ') is a former province of central Sudan. In 1994 it was divided into three new federal states: North Kordofan, South Kordofan and West Kordofan. In August 2005, West Kordofan State was abolished and its territory ..., Sudan. Speakers have shifted to Tira. a description of Torona can be found in Norton & Alaki (2016). References Sources *Norton, Russell and Thomas Kuku Alaki. 2016. Torona: a disappearing Talodi language of Sudan. In Gratien G. Atindogbe and Evelyn Fogwe Chibaka (eds.), Proceedings of the Seventh World Congress of African Linguistics, Buea, 17-21 August 2012 (WOCAL-7), 152-177. Bamenda, Cameroon: Langaa. Extinct languages of Africa Talodi languages {{Kordofanian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lumun Language
Lumun (Lomon), also ''Kuku-Lumun'', is a Niger–Congo language in the Talodi family spoken in the Nuba Mountains The Nuba Mountains ( ar, جبال النوبة), also referred to as the Nuba Hills, is an area located in South Kordofan, Sudan. The area is home to a group of indigenous ethnic groups known collectively as the Nuba peoples. In the Middle Age ..., Sudan.Smits, Heleen: A grammar of Lumun: a Kordofanian language of Sudan, PhD dissertation Leiden 2017, , LOT Utrecht, 2 vols, XXX + 777 p. + XXIV Lumun is spoken in Canya’ru, Toromathan, and To’ri villages. Further reading *Smits, Heleen. 2007. Noun and noun phrase in Lumun (Kordofanian). M.A. thesis, Leiden University. *Smits, Heleen. 2011. Lumun noun classes and number. In Raija Kramer, Holger Trobs & Raimund Kastenholz (eds.), Afrikanische Sprachen im Fokus. Linguistische Beitrage zum 19. Afrikanistentag, Mainz, 8.-10. April 2010, pp. 271-283. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe. *Smits, Heleen. 2012. The prefix /ɔ́-/ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moro Language
Moro is a Niger–Congo language in the Heiban family spoken by the Moro people The Moro people or Bangsamoro people are the 13 Muslim-majority ethnolinguistic Austronesian groups of Mindanao, Sulu, and Palawan, native to the region known as the Bangsamoro (lit. ''Moro nation'' or ''Moro country''). As Muslim-majority e ... in the Nuba Mountains of Kordofan, Sudan. Writing system A Moro orthography was developed by Christian missionaries in 1936 and a New Testament using it was published in 1960. This early spelling did not use capital letters. A revised spelling using capital letters is used in the 1993 New Testament publication. Dialects There are 7 dialects of Moro (Guest 1997a). Ethnologue names are given in parentheses. *Laiyənia or LayeniaBlench, Roger. 2005''A dictionary of the Moro language of the Nuba hills, Sudan'' m.s. (Laiyen) *Tobəɽelda or Thetogovela (Toberelda, Umm Gabralla) *Uləba (Ulba) *Lənəbwa (Nubwa) *Nḏərria or Ndërria (Nderre) *Ləmwa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiro Language
Tiro, also ''Thiro'' or ''Tira'', is a Niger–Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan Kordofan ( ar, كردفان ') is a former province of central Sudan. In 1994 it was divided into three new federal states: North Kordofan, South Kordofan and West Kordofan. In August 2005, West Kordofan State was abolished and its territory ..., Sudan. References Heiban languages {{Kordofanian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shirumba Language
Shwai (Shuway) is a Niger–Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan Kordofan ( ar, كردفان ') is a former province of central Sudan. In 1994 it was divided into three new federal states: North Kordofan, South Kordofan and West Kordofan. In August 2005, West Kordofan State was abolished and its territory ..., Sudan. It is also called ''Ludumor''. Dialects are ''Shabun, Cerumba (Shirumba), Ndano.'' References Critically endangered languages Heiban languages {{Kordofanian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Utoro Language
The Otoro language (Utoro, Dhitoro, Litoro) is a Niger–Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in Kordofan Kordofan ( ar, كردفان ') is a former province of central Sudan. In 1994 it was divided into three new federal states: North Kordofan, South Kordofan and West Kordofan. In August 2005, West Kordofan State was abolished and its territory ..., Sudan. It is also called ''Kawama (Kawarma)''. Dialects are ''Dugujur, Dukwara, Dorobe, Dogoridi''. Bibliography * Kodi, Musa, et al. 2002. Otoro Alphabet Story Book. Sudan: Sudan Workshop Programme. References Heiban languages Severely endangered languages {{Kordofanian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ebang Language
The Heiban language, ''Ebang'', or ''Abul'', is a Niger–Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in the town of Heiban located in the Nuba Mountains of Kordofan Kordofan ( ar, كردفان ') is a former province of central Sudan. In 1994 it was divided into three new federal states: North Kordofan, South Kordofan and West Kordofan. In August 2005, West Kordofan State was abolished and its territory ..., Sudan. Grammar Nouns The earliest record of the Heiban noun class system was composed by Stevenson (1956/57), in which he classified each noun class into two sections, the first being for singular form and the second for plural form. Each noun class has an indicative prefix. The separation of noun classes occurs due to the nouns belonging to a certain category. Guest (1997) further contributed to the findings of Stevenson by discovering more classification for nouns. Pronouns Pronouns in Heiban are categorised as ‘free pronouns’ or ‘bound pronouns’. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laro Language
Laro, also ''Laru, Aaleira, Ngwullaro, Yillaro'', is a Niger–Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in the Nuba Mountains in Kordofan Kordofan ( ar, كردفان ') is a former province of central Sudan. In 1994 it was divided into three new federal states: North Kordofan, South Kordofan and West Kordofan. In August 2005, West Kordofan State was abolished and its territory ..., Sudan. Villages are Oya, Rodong (Hajar Medani), Hajar Baco, Gunisaia, Serif, Tondly, Reli, Lagau (Serfinila), Getaw (Hajar Tiya), and Orme (Ando) (''Ethnologue'', 22nd edition). References External links Laru (Laro) basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database Definitely endangered languages Languages of Sudan Heiban languages {{Kordofanian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logol Language
Logol, or Lukha, is a Niger–Congo language in the Heiban family spoken in the Nuba Mountains of Kordofan, Sudan Sudan ( or ; ar, السودان, as-Sūdān, officially the Republic of the Sudan ( ar, جمهورية السودان, link=no, Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa. It shares borders with the Central African Republic t .... References Heiban languages Severely endangered languages {{Kordofanian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
