Tagbanwa Script
Tagbanwa is one of the scripts indigenous to the Philippines, used by the Tagbanwa and the Palawan people as their ethnic writing system. The Tagbanwa languages ( Aborlan, Calamian and Central), which are Austronesian languages with about 8,000-25,000ScriptSource: Tagbanwa total speakers in the central and northern regions of , are dying out as the younger generations of Tagbanwa are learning and using non-traditional languages such as Cuyonon and Tagalog, thus becoming less knowledgeable of ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Unicode
Unicode or ''The Unicode Standard'' or TUS is a character encoding standard maintained by the Unicode Consortium designed to support the use of text in all of the world's writing systems that can be digitized. Version 16.0 defines 154,998 Character (computing), characters and 168 script (Unicode), scripts used in various ordinary, literary, academic, and technical contexts. Unicode has largely supplanted the previous environment of a myriad of incompatible character sets used within different locales and on different computer architectures. The entire repertoire of these sets, plus many additional characters, were merged into the single Unicode set. Unicode is used to encode the vast majority of text on the Internet, including most web pages, and relevant Unicode support has become a common consideration in contemporary software development. Unicode is ultimately capable of encoding more than 1.1 million characters. The Unicode character repertoire is synchronized with Univers ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Balinese Script
The Balinese script, natively known as and , (Balinese language, Balinese: ᬅᬓ᭄ᬱᬭᬩᬮᬶ) is an abugida used in the island of Bali, Indonesia, commonly for writing the Austronesian language, Austronesian Balinese language, Kawi language, Old Javanese, and the liturgical language Sanskrit. With some modifications, the script is also used to write the Sasak language, used in the neighboring island of Lombok. The script is a descendant of the Brahmi script, and so has many similarities with the modern scripts of South and Southeast Asia. The Balinese script, along with the Javanese script, is considered the most elaborate and ornate among Brahmic scripts of Southeast Asia.Kuipers, Joel (2003)''Indic Scripts of Insular Southeast Asia: Changing Structures and Functions''. Tokyo: Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. Though everyday use of the script has largely been supplanted by the Latin alphabet, the Balinese script has a significant prevalence in many of the island's ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Palawan
Palawan (, ), officially the Province of Palawan (; ), is an archipelagic province of the Philippines that is located in the region of Mimaropa. It is the largest province in the country in terms of total area of . The capital and largest city is Puerto Princesa which is geographically grouped with but administered independently from the province. Palawan is known as the Philippines' ''Last Frontier'' and as the Philippines' ''Best Island''. The islands of Palawan stretch between Mindoro island in the northeast and Borneo in the southwest. It lies between the South China Sea and the Sulu Sea. The province is named after its largest island, Palawan Island (), measuring long, and wide."Palawan – the Philippines' Last Frontier" ''WowPhilippines''. Acce ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Austronesian Languages
The Austronesian languages ( ) are a language family widely spoken throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, parts of Mainland Southeast Asia, Madagascar, the islands of the Pacific Ocean and Taiwan (by Taiwanese indigenous peoples). They are spoken by about 328 million people (4.4% of the world population). This makes it the fifth-largest language family by number of speakers. Major Austronesian languages include Malay (around 250–270 million in Indonesia alone in its own literary standard named " Indonesian"), Javanese, Sundanese, Tagalog (standardized as Filipino), Malagasy and Cebuano. According to some estimates, the family contains 1,257 languages, which is the second most of any language family. In 1706, the Dutch scholar Adriaan Reland first observed similarities between the languages spoken in the Malay Archipelago and by peoples on islands in the Pacific Ocean. In the 19th century, researchers (e.g. Wilhelm von Humboldt, Herman van der Tuuk) started to apply the ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Central Tagbanwa Language
Central Tagbanwa is spoken on Palawan Island in the Philippines. It is not mutually intelligible In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between different but related language varieties in which speakers of the different varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort. Mutual intellig ... with the other languages of the Tagbanwa people. Phonology Consonants * preceding a high front vowel is usually realized as an affricate sound . * tend to shift to uvular sounds when adjacent to . Vowels * is usually a high central vowel sound, although it is occasionally moved further back to , or lowered to . * An sound is often heard when two back vowels are adjacent to one another, or as an allophone of . Grammar Pronouns The following set of pronouns are the personal pronouns found in the Central Tagbanwa language. Note: some forms are divided between full and short forms. The demonstratives are as follows. N ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Calamian Tagbanwa Language
Calamian Tagbanwa is spoken in the Calamian Islands just north of Palawan Island, Philippines. It is not mutually intelligible with the other languages of the Tagbanwa people. ''Ethnologue'' reports that it is spoken in Busuanga, Coron, Culion, and Linapacan municipalities ( Calamian and Linapacan island groups). Dialects Himes (2006) considers there to be two distinct dialects. *Karamiananen: spoken on Busuanga Island and Dipalengged Island. The speakers on Dipalengged Island refer to their language as ''Tagbanwa''. *Tagbanwa of Coron: spoken on Coron Island, and also in Baras, Palawan Island located just opposite of Dumaran Island Dumaran Island is an island in the province of Palawan in the Philippines. It is around away from mainland Palawan at its closest point and is accessible by pump boats. The island is administratively divided between the municipalities of Du .... Phonology Consonants Vowels Grammar Pronouns The following set of pronouns are ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Aborlan Tagbanwa Language
Aborlan, officially the Municipality of Aborlan (), is a municipality in the province of , Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 38,736 people. Aborlan is the province's only town with an agricultural college, now called Western Philippines University. It was founded in 1910. Etymology Many stories tell about how the town got its present name: *''Abelnan'', a legendary tree of the gods; and *The English phrase "A Boar Land" that an American man shouted as he noticed the place with wild boars, thus making the place called Aboarland. History Formerly a municipal district, Aborlan became a municipality on June 28, 1949 by virtue of Executive Order No. 232. In 1951, the municipality lost the barrios of Berong and Alfonso XII when those were transferred to the newly created town of Quezon. Geography It lies in a vast plain between the Sulu Sea and the mountains, south of Puerto Princesa City. Barangays Aborlan is politically subdivided into 19 baran ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Makasar Script
The Makasar script, also known as Ukiri' Jangang-jangang (bird's script) or Old Makasar script, is a historical Indonesian writing system that was used in South Sulawesi to write the Makassarese language between the 17th and 19th centuries until it was supplanted by the Lontara script, Lontara Bugis script. The Makasar script is an abugida which consists of 18 basic characters. Like other Brahmic scripts, each letter represents a syllable with an inherent vowel /a/, which can be changed with diacritics. The direction of writing is left to right. This script is written without wordspacing (''scriptio continua'') and with little to no punctuation. "Coda (syllable), Coda syllables", or consonants at the end of syllables, are not written in the Makasar script, so a Makasar text can contain a lot of ambiguity which can only be distinguished from context. History Scholars generally believe that the Makasar script was used before South Sulawesi received significant Islamic influence ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Bima Script
Bima city (Bima: ''Mbojo'') is a coastal city on the east of the island of Sumbawa in Indonesia's province of West Nusa Tenggara. It is the largest city on the island of Sumbawa, with a population of 142,443 at the 2010 censusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 155,140 at the 2020 census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as at mid-2024 was 165,113 (comprising 82,338 males and 82,775 females).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kota Bima Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5272) It is separate from (but surrounded on the landward side by) the adjoining Bima Regency which had a population of 535,530 according to the mid-2023 official estimates. The people of Bima and the entire eastern side of Sumbawa speak the Bima language (Indonesia: ''Bahasa Bima'' ; Bima: ''Nggahi Mbojo''). From 1620 to 1958 it was the capital of the Bima Sultanate. In modern times, Bima city is the largest regional and economic hub of Eastern Sumbawa with t ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Rejang Script
The Rejang script is an abugida of the Brahmic family that is related to other scripts of the region, such as the Batak and Lontara scripts. Rejang is also a member of the closely related group of Ulu scripts that include the script variants of South Sumatra, Bengkulu, Lembak, Lintang, Lebong, and Serawai. Other closely related scripts that are sometimes included in the Surat Ulu group include the Ogan, Kerinci, and Lampung scripts. The script was in use prior to the introduction of Islam to the Rejang area; the earliest attested document appears to date from the mid-18th century CE. The Rejang script is sometimes also known as the KaGaNga script following the first three letters of the alphabet. The term KaGaNga was never used by the users of the script community, but it was coined by the British anthropologist Mervyn A. Jaspan (1926–1975) in his book ''Folk literature of South Sumatra. Redjang Ka-Ga-Nga texts.'' Canberra, The Australian National University 1964. The scri ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Rencong Script
The Ulu scripts, locally known as ''Surat Ulu'' ('upstream script') are a family of writing systems found in central and south Sumatra, in the regions of Kerinci, Bengkulu, Palembang and Lampung, Indonesia. They were used to write manuscripts in Sumatran languages and Malay. The Malay writing was gradually replaced by the Jawi script, a localized version of the Arabic script. Naming The terms "surat" and "ulu" are the origin of the name Surat Ulu. While "ulu" ('upstream') refers to the highland region where the rivers in South Sumatra and Bengkulu originate (the Barisan Mountains), "Surat" refers to the script. The user community first referred to this script family as ''Surat Ulu''. The Rencong script () is another well-known naming system. "Rencong" is thought to be derived from the Old Malay word ''mèncong'', which means oblique or italics. It could also be derived from the word ''runcing'' ('sharp'), as this script family was originally written with a sharp knife tip. ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Sundanese Script
Standard Sundanese script (''Aksara Sunda Baku'', ) is a traditional writing system used by Sundanese people to write Sundanese language. It is built based on Old Sundanese script (''Aksara Sunda Kuno'') which was used from the 14th to the 18th centuries. History Old Sundanese was developed based on the Pallava script of India, and was used from the 14th until the 18th centuries. The last manuscript written in Old Sundanese script was ''Carita Waruga Guru.'' From the 17th to the 19th centuries, Sundanese was mostly spoken and not written. Javanese script, Javanese and Pegon script, Pegon scripts were used to write Sundanese during this period. In 1996, the government of West Java announced a plan to introduce an official Sundanese script, and in October 1997, the Old Sundanese script was chosen and renamed to ''Aksara Sunda.'' Typology The standardized script has 32 basic characters-- seven vowels, 23 consonants, and thirteen phonetic diacriticals (). There are also numerals ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |