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Tagalog Republic
Tagalog Republic (; ) is a term used to refer to two revolutionary governments involved in the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire and the Philippine–American War. Both were connected to the '' Katipunan'' revolutionary movement. Etymology The term ''Tagalog'' commonly refers to both an ethno-linguistic group in the Philippines and their language. ''Katagalugan'' often refers to the Tagalog-speaking regions of the island of Luzon in the Philippine archipelago. However, the ''Katipunan'' secret society extended the meaning of these terms to all of the natives in the Philippine islands. The society's primer explains its use of ''Tagalog'' in a footnote: The revolutionary Carlos Ronquillo wrote in his memoirs: In this respect, ''Katagalugan'' may be translated as the "Tagalog nation." Andrés Bonifacio, a founding member of the ''Katipunan'' and later its supreme head (''Supremo''), promoted the use of ''Katagalugan'' for the Philippine nation. The term "Fili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Government In The Philippines
A revolutionary government or provisional government has been declared a number of times in the Philippines, by various insurgency, insurgent groups. Historical revolutionary governments Philippine Revolution A revolutionary government was initially established by the Katipunan with the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution in 1896, as the Katipunan's Supreme President Andres Bonifacio reformed its Supreme Council into a "cabinet" still with himself as president. (Prior to this, the Katipunan had itself been established in 1892 with the intention of becoming a shadow government.) The Tejeros Convention of 1897 was held to reconcile the arguments of two factions of the Katipunan in the province of Cavite, Magdalo and Magdiwang, and it was decided that the Katipunan had to be dissolved to have an election of officers for a revolutionary government. This led to the leadership of the revolution passing to Emilio Aguinaldo, who led a succession of insurgent governments as president a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Renato Constantino
Renato Reyes Constantino Sr. (March 10, 1919 – September 15, 1999) was a Filipino historian known for being part of the leftist tradition of Philippine historiography. Apart from being a historian, Constantino was also engaged in foreign service, working for the Philippine Mission to the United Nations and the Department of Foreign Affairs. He is the father of former Civil Service Commission Chairperson Karina Constantino-David and father-in-law of University of the Philippines Diliman sociology professor emeritus Randy David. Education and early career Constantino attended the University of the Philippines where he became the youngest editor of the university's student publication, ''The Philippine Collegian''. He wrote editorial columns criticizing President Manuel Quezon, which earned the attention of the President by responding to the article in one of his speeches. It was also in UP where he co-founded the Alpha Phi Beta fraternity, alongside 17 other students; pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine Languages
The Philippine languages or Philippinic are a proposed group by R. David Paul Zorc (1986) and Robert Blust (1991; 2005; 2019) that include all the languages of the Philippines and northern Sulawesi, Indonesia—except Sama–Bajaw (languages of the "Sea Gypsies") and the Molbog language (disputed)—and form a subfamily of Austronesian languages. Although the Philippines is near the center of Austronesian expansion from Taiwan, there is relatively little linguistic diversity among the approximately 150 Philippine languages, suggesting that earlier diversity has been erased by the spread of the ancestor of the modern Philippine languages. Classification History and criticism One of the first explicit classifications of a "Philippine" grouping based on genetic affiliation was in 1906 by Frank Blake, who placed them as a subdivision of the "Malay branch" within Malayo-Polynesian (MP), which at that time was considered as a family. Blake however encompasses every language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Republic
A revolutionary republic is a form of government whose main tenets are popular sovereignty, rule of law, and representative democracy. It is based in part on the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers, and was favored by revolutionaries during the Age of Revolution. A revolutionary republic tends to arise from the formation of a provisional government after the overthrow of an existing state and political regime. It often takes the form of a revolutionary state, which ostensibly represents the will of its constituents. The term also refers to the form of government that the National Convention favored during the French Revolutionary Wars, as France established republics through its occupation of neighboring territories in Europe. Most of these client states, or sister republics, were means of controlling occupied lands through a mix of French and local authority. The institution of republican governments as a means of promoting democratic nationalism over monarchies (primarily ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marangal Na Dalit Ng Katagalugan
The ''Marangál na Dalit ng̃ Katagalugan'' ( English title: ''Honorable Hymn of the Tagalog Nation/People'') is a song of the Philippine Revolution composed in November 1896 by Julio Nakpil at the request of Andres Bonifacio as the anthem of the revolutionary Tagalog Republic. However, this nascent revolutionary government was displaced and superseded by a succession of revolutionary governments headed by Emilio Aguinaldo and the composition known today as ''Lupang Hinirang'' became the national anthem of the ''Republic of the Philippines''. History Nakpil was requested by Andres Bonifacio to compose a national anthem for his conceptual Filipino nation-state as realized through the Katipunan as its revolutionary government, of which he was the President ("Pangulo"). This concept of the Filipino nation was called the ''Haring Bayang Katagalugan'' ("Sovereign Tagalog Nation/People", or "Sovereign Nation of the Tagalog People"), also known as the ''Republika ng Katagalugan'' ("Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seal Of Supreme Council Of Haring Bayang Katagalugan
Seal may refer to any of the following: Common uses * Pinniped, a diverse group of semi-aquatic marine mammals, many of which are commonly called seals, particularly: ** Earless seal, also called "true seal" ** Fur seal ** Eared seal * Seal (emblem), a device to impress an emblem, used as a means of authentication, on paper, wax, clay or another medium (the impression is also called a seal) * Seal (mechanical), a device which helps prevent leakage, contain pressure, or exclude contamination where two systems join ** Hermetic seal, an airtight mechanical seal * Security seals such as labels, tapes, bands, or ties affixed onto a container in order to prevent and detect tampering Arts, entertainment and media * ''Seal'' (1991 album), by Seal * ''Seal'' (1994 album), sometimes referred to as ''Seal II'', by Seal * '' Seal IV'', a 2003 album by Seal * '' Seal Online'', a 2003 massively multiplayer online role-playing game Law * Seal (contract law), a legal formality for cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tejeros Convention
The Tejeros Convention (Spanish: ''Convención de Tejeros''; Tagalog: ''Kapulungan sa Tejeros''), also referred to as the Tejeros Assembly or Tejeros Congress, was a meeting held on March 22, 1897, in San Francisco de Malabon (now General Trias), Cavite, Philippines. This gathering brought together factions of the Katipunan, namely Magdiwang (faction), Magdiwang and Magdalo (faction), Magdalo, and led to the establishment of a new revolutionary government that took over leadership of the Philippine Revolution, replacing the Katipunan. It followed the earlier Imus Assembly. Filipino historians regard this event as the first presidential and vice presidential elections in Philippine history, although only Katipuneros (members of the Katipunan) participated, not the general public. Convention Purpose The revolutionary leaders convened the assembly at a friar estate in Tejeros, originally with the intent of discussing the defense of Cavite against Spanish forces, as Governor Genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imus Assembly
The Imus Assembly was the meeting held between the ''Magdalo'' and ''Magdiwang'' factions of the Katipunan at Imus, Cavite, Philippines, on December 31, 1896, the day following the execution of José Rizal. This was convened in order to settle the leadership dispute between the two factions. The assembly, presided by Andres Bonifacio, was to discuss whether to retain the current Katipunan government or to set up a new revolutionary government. The Magdalo supported the idea of having a revolutionary government while the Magdiwang favored the old Katipunan government. The assembly, however, failed to have a firm resolution. According to Santiago Alvarez and Artemio Ricarte, the assembly agreed to appoint Bonifacio as the head of a legislative committee and to authorize him to appoint members he considers worthy. It is, however, uncertain whether Bonifacio did appoint members of the committee. At this meeting also, a Magdalo engineer and general named Edilberto Evangelista ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Rizal
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (, ; June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896) was a Filipino nationalist, writer and polymath active at the end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. He is popularly considered a national hero (''pambansang bayani'') of the Philippines. An ophthalmologist by profession, Rizal became a writer and a key member of the Filipino Propaganda Movement, which advocated political reforms for the colony under Spain. He was executed by the Spanish colonial government for the crime of rebellion after the Philippine Revolution broke out; the revolution was inspired by his writings. Though he was not actively involved in its planning or conduct, he ultimately approved of its goals, which eventually resulted in Philippine independence. Rizal is widely considered one of the greatest and most influential figures in the Philippines, and has been recommended to be so honored by an officially empaneled National Heroes Committee. Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Imus
The Battle of Imus (, ), or the Siege of Imus (, ), was the first major battle of the Philippine revolution against the Spanish colonial government in the province of Cavite. It was fought between September 1–3, 1896 at Imus, Cavite province in the Philippines, right after Bonifacio's attack on the gunpowder magazine at the Battle of San Juan del Monte in Manila.Spencer, Tucker C. (2009)"The Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars - Battle of Imus River" pg. 303. ABC_CLIO, LLC, Santa Barbara. . Background The revolution began in Cavite province shortly after it joined the pro-independence Katipunan revolutionary movement under Andres Bonifacio. Emilio Aguinaldo began the revolution in the province by staging the Kawit Revolt on August 31, 1896. He had gathered more men and armament for the imminent combat with the Spanish troops stationed in the province, and as time went on, he and his men destroyed several Spanish units along the way, promp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of San Juan Del Monte
The Battle of San Juan del Monte, also referred to as Battle of Pinaglabanan, took place on August 30, 1896. It is considered as the first major battle of the Philippine Revolution, which sought Philippine independence from Spain. The first battle cry of the Katipunan coincided with the pealing of church bells at nine o'clock on the night of August 29, 1896.Alvarez, S.V., 1992, Recalling the Revolution, Madison: Center for Southeast Asia Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Background At 5 pm on the 29th, the ''Supremo'' Andrés Bonifacio and 800 '' Katipuneros'' met up with ''Katipunero'' Felix Sanchez, chairman of the Sapa chapter, at Hagdang Bato in San Felipe Neri. By 7 pm, with a thousand men, including the local police force, they attacked the civil guards, who surrendered immediately. However, the Tala chapter chairman, ''Katipunero'' Buenaventura Domingo, allowed the parish priest to escape. Troops under General Ramón Bernardo then took the town hall of Panda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cry Of Pugad Lawin
The Cry of Pugad Lawin (, ) was the beginning of the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire. In late August 1896, members of the Katipunan led by Andrés Bonifacio revolted somewhere around Caloocan, which included parts of the present-day Quezon City. Originally the term ''cry'' referred to the first clash between the Katipuneros and the Civil Guards (''Guardia Civil''). The cry could also refer to the tearing up of community tax certificates (''cédulas personales'') in defiance of their allegiance to Spain. This was literally accompanied by patriotic shouts. Because accounts of the event vary, the exact date and place of the event is unknown.. From 1908 until 1963, the event was thought to have occurred on August 26 in Balintawak. In 1963, the Philippine government declared August 23 to be the date of the event in Quezon City. Characterization of the event The term "Cry" is translated from the Spanish ''el grito de rebelion'' (cry of rebellion) or ''el gri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
