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Tafilalt Expedition
The Tafilalt expedition was a large military expedition conducted by Sultan Moulay Hassan of Morocco in the region of Tafilalt in 1893 in the face of French Algerian expansionism. Moulay Hassan revitalized relations between the '' makhzan'' and the tribes and villages of the eastern and Saharan frontier lands. The expedition to the Tafilalt in 1893 was sent because the sultan feared that disorder there would provide an excuse for French intervention. An army of 15-30,000 marched in a loop from Fez to Marrakesh via the Tafilalt oases in company of the Emir Moulay . Little fighting took place, but it was greeted with loyal submissions and the payment of taxes, and so buttressed the sultan’s claims to sovereignty. Background As early as 1888, Moulay Hassan considered leading an expedition all the way to Tafilalt. He expressed the wish to visit the tombs of his 'Alawi forbears buried in that remote southern oasis and to pray at the tomb of Moulay 'Ali Sharif. Moulay Hassan's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tafilalt
Tafilalt or Tafilet (), historically Sijilmasa, is a region of Morocco, centered on its largest oasis. Etymology There are many speculations regarding the origin of the word "Tafilalt", however it is known that Tafilalt is a Berber word meaning "jug", which is specifically a pottery jar used to store water. History Although previous settlements existed, especially during the Roman period, the first continuously inhabited town in the area after the spread of Islam was Sijilmasa, founded by the Midrarid dynasty. It was on the direct caravan route from the Niger River to Tangier, and attained a considerable degree of prosperity. In the 17th century, the Alawi dynasty of Morocco first achieved political ascendancy in Tafilalt, and in 1606, Sultan Zidan Abu Maali hid in Tafilalt, where he made a profit off of gold mined in the area, built an army, eventually taking control of the city of Marrakesh. A few years later in 1610, Ahmed ibn Abi Mahalli also built up an army in the Tafi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Touat
Tuat, or Touat (), is a natural region of desert in central Algeria that contains a string of small oases. In the past, the oases were important for caravans crossing the Sahara. Geography Tuat lies to the south of the Grand Erg Occidental, to the east of the Erg Chech and to the south west of the Tademaït plateau. It contains a string of small oases strung out along the eastern edge of the Wadi Messaoud, a continuation of the Wadi Saoura. The oases extend over a distance of 160 km from the district of Bouda in the north to Reggane in the south. The largest town in the region is Adrar, 20 km southeast of Bouda. Adrar was established by the French after their conquest in 1900 and had a population of 43,903 in 2002. Associated with each oasis are small walled villages called '' ksour'' (singular ''ksar'' or ''gsar''). There are also some forts (''kasbahs''), most of them abandoned. There is almost no rainfall in the region and agriculture depends on groundwater f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sous Expedition
The Sous expedition were a series of military expeditions conducted by Sultan Moulay Hassan of Morocco in the Sous region between 1882 and 1895. As a result of these campaigns, a series of Moroccan posts were established to the south of Agadir: at Tiznit, Kasbah Ba Amrane, Assaka and at Guelmim. In addition to these posts, the more obvious and more commanding points of governmental control, Moulay Hassan also invested with official authority many of the local '' qaids'' in southwestern Morocco—such as the Qaid of Oued Noun, Dahman ben Bayruk, and the Qaid of Tazerwalt. An investiture of Moroccan authority was as well accorded to the ''qaids'' of the Ait Oussa and the Tajakant. Background In 1879 the Englishman Donald Mackenzie set up the British North West African Company and persuaded Sheikh Mohamed Bayruk of Guelmim to cede him a strip of land, two miles wide and eight miles long at Tarfaya. There he built his factory, called Port Victoria, at the entrance of Cape Juby. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sous
The Sous region (also spelt Sus, Suss, Souss or Sousse) (, ) is a historical, cultural and geographical region of Morocco, which constitutes part of the region administration of Souss-Massa and Guelmim-Oued Noun. The region is known for the endemic argan tree (which has become a symbol of Souss) as well as for being the capital of the Shilha Berber ethnic group. It is a major commercial and tourist agricultural region of Morocco. Vegetable production, shared between very large farms and small producers, contributes to the economic development of the region. The Souss plain produces 40% of Moroccan citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the family Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, mandarins, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. ''Citrus'' is nativ ... fruits, and 60% of the production of early vegetables. It is historically a stage of trans-Saharan trade. History Medieva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ouarzazate
Ouarzazate (; , ), nicknamed ''the door of the desert'', is a city and capital of Ouarzazate Province in the region of Drâa-Tafilalet, south-central Morocco. Ouarzazate is a primary tourist destination in Morocco during the holidays, as well as a starting point for excursions into and across the Draa Valley and the desert. The fortified village Aït Benhaddou west of the city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Ouarzazate area is a noted film-making location, with Morocco's biggest studios inviting many international companies to work here. Films such as ''Lawrence of Arabia (film), Lawrence of Arabia'' (1962), ''The Man Who Would Be King (film), The Man Who Would Be King'' (1975), ''The Living Daylights'' (1987), ''The Last Temptation of Christ (film), The Last Temptation of Christ'' (1988), ''The Mummy (1999 film), The Mummy'' (1999), ''Gladiator (2000 film), Gladiator'' (2000), ''Kingdom of Heaven (film), Kingdom of Heaven'' (2005), ''Kundun'' (1997), ''Legionnaire (film), L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Wad Ras
The Treaty of Wad Ras (, ) was a treaty signed between Morocco and Spain at the conclusion of the Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60), War of Tetuan on April 26, 1860, at Wad Ras, located between Tétouan, Tetuan and Tangier. The conditions of the treaty exacerbated Morocco's defeat in the war, with major concessions being granted to Spain. Morocco was forced to pay a 20 million ''Spanish peseta, duro'' (equivalent to $4 million 1861 United States dollar, US dollars) War reparations, indemnity—far greater the balance of the Makhzen's treasury; the territories of the Spanish Enclave and exclave, exclaves of Ceuta and Melilla were extended further into Moroccan territory; and Sidi Ifni became a Spanish Empire, Spanish possession. Following the treaty, the Moroccan government took a massive 1861 British loan to Morocco, British loan larger than its national reserves to pay off its War reparations, war debt to Spain. Historical context From 1859 to 1860, Morocco became engaged wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Restoration (Spain)
The Restoration () or Bourbon Restoration () was the period in Spanish history between the First Spanish Republic and the Second Spanish Republic from 1874 to 1931. It began on 29 December 1874, after a coup d'état by General Arsenio Martínez Campos ended the First Spanish Republic and restored the monarchy under Alfonso XII, and ended on 14 April 1931 with the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic. After nearly a century of political instability and several civil wars, the Restoration attempted to establish a new political system that ensured stability through the practice of '' turno'', an intentional rotation of liberal and conservative parties in leadership often achieved through electoral fraud. Critics of the system included republicans, socialists, anarchists, Basque and Catalan nationalists, and Carlists. Characteristics The Restoration period was characterized by political instability, economic challenges, and social unrest. Key issues that defined t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melilla
Melilla (, ; ) is an autonomous city of Spain on the North African coast. It lies on the eastern side of the Cape Three Forks, bordering Morocco and facing the Mediterranean Sea. It has an area of . It was part of the Province of Málaga until 14 March 1995, when the Statute of Autonomy of Melilla was passed. Melilla is one of the special territories of the member states of the European Union. Movements to and from the rest of the EU and Melilla are subject to specific rules, provided for ''inter alia'' in the Accession Agreement of Spain to the Schengen Convention. As of 2019, Melilla had a population of 86,487. The population is chiefly divided between people of Iberian and Riffian extraction. There is also a small number of Sephardic Jews and Sindhi Hindus. Melilla features a diglossia between the official Spanish and Tarifit. Like the autonomous city of Ceuta and Spain's other territories in Africa, Melilla is subject to an irredentist claim by Morocco. Name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Melillan Campaign
The First Melillan Campaign, also called the Melilla War or the Margallo War (after Juan García y Margallo, the Spanish governor of Melilla whose defeat and death infuriated the Spanish public) in Spain, was a conflict between Spain and the Riffian tribes of northeastern Morocco, and later the Sultan of Morocco, that began in October 1893, was openly declared November 9, 1893, and was resolved by the Treaty of Fez in 1894. Historical situation The Crown of Castile captured the citadel of Melilla in 1497. In the 19th century Spain moved into the outlying territories and began investing in their economic development. Treaties with Morocco in 1859, 1860, and 1861 consolidated Spain's growing interests. Although Spain enjoyed the compliance of the Moroccan government, tensions flared between Spanish Army patrols and the local Riffian tribes that were hostile to Spain, and over whom the Sultan had practically no control. Riffian raiding and piracy was widely reported in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rissani
Rissani () is a town in Errachidia Province in eastern Morocco, located near Erfoud. It is the closest town of significant size to the Erg Chebbi, the largest sand desert in Morocco. Its population in 2004 was 20,469. The mausoleum of Moulay Ali Cherif, third great-grandfather of Moulay Cherif, founder of the Alaouite Dynasty of Morocco, is located on the southern edge of town. History Rissani is the ancient capital of Tafilalet. Its location as a crossroads between north and south gave the city a certain importance in previous times. A former major caravan center, Rissani remains a major commercial center in the region, with a large souk, particularly lively on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Sundays. It is noted for its leather and goat skin trading. In the 14th century, when a nearby city of Sijilmassa was destroyed, Rissani became a main city of trans-Saharan trade. It is assumed that Jews settled in Rissani to participate in the caravan trade, similar to other cities in Morocco. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Awlad Sidi Shaykh
The Awlad Sidi Shaykh (, also spelled Ouled Sidi Cheikh) was a confederation of Arab tribes in the west and south of Algeria led by the descendants of the Sufi saint Sidi Shaykh. The Awlad had religious authority, and also owned agricultural settlements and engaged in trade. During the French occupation of Algeria they alternately cooperated with and opposed the colonialists. Origins The Awlad Sidi Shaykh trace their ancestry to the saint Sidi Shaykh, a descendant of Muhammad's father-in-law Abu Bakr, the first caliph. In the 16th century the growing population in the south-western Algerian Sahara created a need for more intense farming and for collaboration between farmers and nomads. Saint Sidi Shaykh founded a community of date farmers and nomads engaged in the caravan trade. dates this to 1651, when the ''walis'' of the Tuat and Gurara brought the Sharifian ideology to the villages of the Zenata Berbers. Their headquarters was a prayer-meditation center that taught the ethic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
