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Sweet Potato Feathery Mottle Virus
Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) is a member of the genus ''Potyvirus'' in the family ''Potyviridae''. It is most widely recognized as one of the most regularly occurring causal agents of sweet potato viral disease (SPVD) and is currently observed in every continent except Antarctica. The number of locations where it is found is still increasing; generally, it is assumed that the virus is present wherever its host is. The virus has four strains that are found in varying parts of the world. History SPFMV was initially discovered in the United States 70 years ago, and currently, it is the most widely spread sweet potato virus in the world. The presence of this virus is usually indicated by the presence of sweet potato viral disease, as it is noticed less often on its own. SPFMV was more recently discovered in Italy as the primary contributor to Italian SPVD. Structure All potyviruses are non-enveloped viruses with positive sense single-stranded RNA genomes. The SPFMV geno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potyvirus
''Potyvirus'' is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family ''Potyviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. The genus is named after member virus ''potato virus Y''. Potyviruses account for about thirty percent of the currently known plant viruses. Like begomoviruses, members of this genus may cause significant losses in agricultural, pastoral, horticultural, and ornamental crops. More than 200 species of aphids spread potyviruses, and most are from the subfamily ''Aphidinae'' (genera ''Macrosiphum'' and ''Myzus''). The genus contains 190 species. Virology Structure The virion is non-enveloped with a flexuous and filamentous nucleocapsid, 680 to 900 nanometers (nm) long and is 11–20 nm in diameter. The nucleocapsid contains around 2000 copies of the capsid protein. The symmetry of the nucleocapsid is helical with a pitch of 3.4 nm. Genome The genome is a linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA ranging in size from 9,000–12,000 nucleotide bas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potyviridae
''Potyviridae'' is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses that encompasses more than 30% of known plant viruses, many of which are of great agricultural significance. The family has 12 genera and 235 species, three of which are unassigned to a genus. Structure Potyvirid virions are nonenveloped, flexuous filamentous, rod-shaped particles. The diameter is around 12–15 nm, with a length of 200–300 nm. Genome Genomes are linear and usually nonsegmented, around 8–12kb in length, consisting of positive-sense RNA, which is surrounded by a protein coat made up of a single viral encoded protein called a capsid. All induce the formation of virus inclusion bodies called cylindrical inclusions (‘pinwheels’) in their hosts. These consist of a single protein (about 70 kDa) made in their hosts from a single viral genome product. Member viruses encode large polypeptides that are cleaved into mature proteins. In 5'–3' order these proteins are * P1 (a serine prot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open Reading Frame
In molecular biology, open reading frames (ORFs) are defined as spans of DNA sequence between the start and stop codons. Usually, this is considered within a studied region of a Prokaryote, prokaryotic DNA sequence, where only one of the #Six-frame translation, six possible reading frames will be "open" (the "reading", however, refers to the RNA produced by Transcription (biology), transcription of the DNA and its subsequent interaction with the ribosome in Translation (biology), translation). Such an ORF may contain a start codon (usually AUG in terms of RNA) and by definition cannot extend beyond a stop codon (usually UAA, UAG or UGA in RNA). That start codon (not necessarily the first) indicates where translation may start. The transcription terminator, transcription termination site is located after the ORF, beyond the Translation (biology), translation stop codon. If transcription were to cease before the stop codon, an incomplete protein would be made during translation. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flexuous
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Potyviruses
''Potyvirus'' is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family ''Potyviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. The genus is named after member virus ''potato virus Y''. Potyviruses account for about thirty percent of the currently known plant viruses. Like begomoviruses, members of this genus may cause significant losses in agricultural, pastoral, horticultural, and ornamental crops. More than 200 species of aphids spread potyviruses, and most are from the subfamily ''Aphidinae'' (genera '' Macrosiphum'' and ''Myzus''). The genus contains 190 species. Virology Structure The virion is non-enveloped with a flexuous and filamentous nucleocapsid, 680 to 900 nanometers (nm) long and is 11–20 nm in diameter. The nucleocapsid contains around 2000 copies of the capsid protein. The symmetry of the nucleocapsid is helical with a pitch of 3.4 nm. Genome The genome is a linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA ranging in size from 9,000–12,000 nucleotide bas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sweet Potato Diseases
Sweetness is a basic taste most commonly perceived when eating foods rich in sugars. Sweet tastes are generally regarded as pleasurable. In addition to sugars like sucrose, many other chemical compounds are sweet, including aldehydes, ketones, and sugar alcohols. Some are sweet at very low concentrations, allowing their use as non-caloric sugar substitutes. Such non-sugar sweeteners include saccharin and aspartame. Other compounds, such as miraculin, may alter perception of sweetness itself. The perceived intensity of sugars and high-potency sweeteners, such as Aspartame and Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone, are heritable, with gene effect accounting for approximately 30% of the variation. The chemosensory basis for detecting sweetness, which varies between both individuals and species, has only begun to be understood since the late 20th century. One theoretical model of sweetness is the multipoint attachment theory, which involves multiple binding sites between a sweetness re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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